\ 



778 



RUTACE^E. I. PEGANUM. II. RUTA. 



54 ASAPHE s. Calyx very short, 4-5 -toothed. Petals 4-5, 

 linear. Stamens 4- 5. Styles and stigmas 3. Capsule pea-shaped, 

 4-furrowed, 4-celled, 4-Valved, 4-seeded. Leaves ternate. 



55 BARRALDEIA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, bifid and un- 

 guiculate, Stamens 10. Ovary adhering to the tube of the 

 calyx. Style 1. Leaves simple. 



Tribe I. 



lants agreeing with Ruta in important characters). 

 Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 461. Flowers regular. Calyx 

 of 4 or 5 divisions. Petals equal in number with the divisions 

 of the calyx. Endocarp not separable from the sarcocarp. Em- 

 bryo within a fleshy albumen. Shrubs or perennial herbs, with 

 alternate simple or impari-pinnate leaves without stipulas. 



I. PE'GANUM (from irnyavov, peganon, rue in Greek ; 

 resemblance). Lin. gen. 601. D. C. prod. 1. p. 712. Andr. 

 Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 461. t. 16. no. 8. 



LIN. SYST. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- 

 manent. Petals 5, almost equal. Stamens 15, shorter than 

 the petals, some of them abortive ; filaments smooth, dilated at 

 the base. Anthers linear. Style simple, terminated by a tri- 

 gonal stigma. Capsules substipitate, nearly spherical, 3-celled, 

 3-furrowed, 3-valved, many-seeded. Embryo straight. Herbs 

 with multifkl leaves. Peduncles 1 -flowered. Flowers white, 

 with green veins. Every part of the plants has a strong unplea- 

 sant scent when bruised. 



1 P. HA'RMALA (Lin. spec. 638.) I/ . H. Native of Spain, 

 about Madrid, in sandy places, and of the Levant. Lam. ill. t. 

 401. Bull. herb. t. 343 Blackw. t. 310. Root woody. Stem 

 herbaceous. Leaves multifid into linear lobes. Flowers stalked. 

 Calyxes entire. 



Far. j3, crithmifblia (Retz. obs. 2. p. 34.) stem permanent ; 

 calyxes toothless, f? . H. Native of Siberia, at the Caspian sea. 

 Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 364. P. crithmifolia, Georg. in herb. Willd. 



Harmalaor Syrian-Rue. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1570. PI. 1 ft. 



Cult. These plants will thrive well in any light sandy soil, 

 and cuttings planted under a hand-glass will root freely. They 

 will not flower unless they are planted in a warm situation, and 

 they will require to be sheltered in severe weather in winter. 



II. RLTTA (Du Theis observes that this word is not capable 

 of explanation, being nearly the same in all the most ancient lan- 

 guages ; viz. ruz in Runic ; rude, rata, ruta, or rulu in Anglo- 

 Saxon ; rutiza in Sclavonian ; ruta in Italian and Latin ; ruda in 

 Spanish ; pvrrj in Greek ; said to be from puw, to flow, in allusion 

 to some reputed expelling qualities of the plants ; hence rue in 

 English and French.) Tourn. inst. t. 133. Lin. gen. no. 523. 

 D. C. prod. 1. p. 709. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 462. 

 t. 17.no. 9. 



LIN. SYST. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 4-parted, 

 falling off late. Petals 4,~unguiculate, arched, for the most part 

 jagged. Stamens 8, the 4 shortest opposite the petals ; filaments 

 awl-shaped, smooth ; anthers ovate, blunt at the apex. Ovaries 

 4-lpbed, seated on a short thick stipe, and surrounded by 8 nec- 

 tariferous pores. Styles 4, constantly joined in one, terminated 

 by a 4-furrowed stigma. Capsule subglobose, 4-celled, opening 

 inwardly at the apex. Seeds angular-reniform, fixed to the 

 inner angle of the cells. Albumen fleshy. Embryo arched, 

 with a long radicle. Perennial herbs or subshrubs, with pinnate 

 or decompound, glaucous leaves. Flowers corymbose, greenish- 

 yellow. Every part of the plants have a strong disagreeable smell. 



1. P'.nnalce. D. C. prod. 1. p. 710. Leaves truly pinnate ; 

 leaflets, especially the lateral ones, are jointed above the petiole, 

 Fruit rather Jleslty, indehiscent. Ruteria, Medik. phil. hot, 



1 R. PINNA' TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 232.) stem arborescent ; leaves 

 impari-pinnate, floral ones reduced to the terminal leaflet ; petals 

 entire. T; G. Native of the Canary Islands, on rocks. Ker. 

 bot. reg. t. 307. Leaflets entire or toothed. 



Pinnate-leaved Rue. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1780. Shrub 

 6 feet. 



2. Decomposites. D. C. prod. 1. p. 710. Leaves decom- 

 pound and variously cut. Capsules dehiscent. 

 * Petals ciliated. 



2 R. BRACTEOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 710.) leaves supra-decom- 

 pound, hardly thrice as long as broad ; leaflets oblong-cuneated, 

 somewhat equal ; bracteas large, somewhat cordate. ^ . F. 

 Native of Sicily, about Palermo, and of the Island of Melos. R. 

 Chalepensis tenuifolia, D'Urv. enum. p. 44. 



Large-bracted Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub 2 ft. 



3 R. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 462.) leaves supra- 

 decompound, 4 times longer than broad ; leaflets oblong-cuneated, 

 almost equal; bracteas small, ovate. T^ . H. Native of the 

 south of France, common among rocks in sunny situations. R. 

 Chalepensis, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 383. R. graveolens a, Lin. spec. 

 548. R. Chalepensis, var. ft, Lin. mant. 69. Sims, bot. mag. 

 t. 2311. Mor. oxon. sect. 5. t. 35. f. 8. Leaflets narrow, very 

 glaucous. 



Narrow-leaved Rue. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1722. Shrub 2 ft. 



4 R. MACROPHY'LLA (Sol. in bot. mag. t. 2018.) leaves pinnate ; 

 leaflets oblong, on short stalks, terminal one largest, lower ones 

 cut into 3-5 leaflets. J? . F. Native of the north of Africa, 

 and about Aleppo. R. Chalepensis, var. a, Lin. mant. 69. 



Long-leaved Rue. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1772. Shrub 3 feet. 



* * Petals entire or somewhat toothed. 



5 R. MONTA'NA (Clus. hist. 2. p. 136.) leaves supra-decom- 

 pound; leaflets all linear ; petals entire. fj . or %.. H. Native 

 of the south of Europe and north of Africa, among stones on dry 

 hills. R. legitima, Jacq? icon. rar. 1. t. 76. R. sylvestris, 

 Mill. diet. no. 3. R. tenuifolia, Desf. all. 1. p. 336. This plant 

 is corrosive, and has a very strong smell. 



Mountain Rue. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. 2 or 3 ft. 



6 R. GRAVE'OLENS (Lin. spec. 548. exclusive of var. aand/3) 

 leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets oblong, terminal oneobovate; 

 petals entire or a little toothed. Jj. H. Native of the south 

 of Europe, in sterile places. Very common in gardens. R. 

 hortensis, Mill. diet. no. 1 Duh. arb. 2. t. 61. Woodv. med. 

 bot. 108. t. 37. Blackw. t. 7. Plenck. icon. t. 332. The 

 bruised leaves excoriate the lips and nostrils, if incautiously 

 applied, as they often are, to counteract bad smells ; rue being 

 supposed powerfully to counteract contagion. Its internal use 

 is unsafe, yet it has been known to be eaten with bread and 

 butter in no small quantity, not altogether with impunity. Rue 

 has a strong ungrateful odour, and a bitter, hot, penetrating 

 taste ; the leaves are so acrid as to irritate and inflame the skin, 

 if they be much handled ; it is said to possess these qualities 

 more powerfully in an uncultivated state. Its virtues are ex- 

 tracted both by water and rectified spirit, but more powerfully 

 by the latter. On instipating the spiritous tincture, very little 

 of its flavour rises with the menstruum ; most of the active 

 parts of the rue being concentrated in the extract. In distil- 

 lation with water, an essential oil separates, which is of a yellow- 

 ish or brownish colour, a moderately acrid taste, and penetrating 

 smell ; the decoction instipated, yields a moderately warm, pun- 

 gent, and bitterish extract. The seeds and capsules contain 

 more oil than the leaves. From the experiments of Beauine, it 

 appears that the recent herb contains but a very small portion of 

 essential oil ; thus from 21 Ibs. of the leaves he scarcely obtained 

 a drachm, while 10 Ibs. of the seeds yielded 2 ounces. Rue 



