. XXXII. GALIPEA. 



797 



178. t. 31. The flowers have the scent of those of Jasmlnum 

 officinale. 



Very-srveet-scented Spiranthera. Clt. 1 823. Shrub 3 or 4 ft. 



Cult. See Choisya for cultivation and propagation. 



XXXII. GALITEA (the name of G. trifoliata in Guiana). 

 Aubl. guian. 2. p. 662, St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 131. 

 D. C. prod. 1. p. 730. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 493. t. 

 23. no. 34. Galipea and Cusparia, D. C. mem. mus. 9. p. 142 

 and 148. Cusparia, Humb. Bonplandia, Willd. but not of 

 Cav. Angostura and Raputia, Rcem. et Schult. Conchocar- 

 pus, Mik. Obentonia, Vel. Aruba spec, Nees et Mart. 

 Lasiostemon, Nees et Mart. Ravia, Nees et Mart. 



LIN. SYST. Tri-Pentdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx short, cup- 

 shaped, 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Petals 5, rather unequal, con- 

 nected at the base into a half monopetalous, somewhat campanu- 

 late corolla, with a short, usually pentagonal tube, and a spread- 

 ing 5-cleft limb. Filaments adhering to the tube of the corolla, 

 and longer than it (nevertheless enclosed), usually flattened and 

 downy, sometimes 5, rarely 6-8, 2 or 4 of which are sterile, 

 sometimes 5, all fertile ; anthers oblong-heart-shaped, rarely ap- 

 pendiculate at the base, sometimes revolute after flowering. 

 Ovaries 5, joined in one, or only at the base, surrounded by the 

 cup-shaped disk, smooth or villous. Styles 5, rising from the 

 tops of the ovaries, sometimes distinct, or only partly connected 

 at the base, but usually joined together in one, terminated by a 

 single blunt stigma. Fruit only of 1 or 2 carpels from abortion. 

 Trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple, ternate or quinate 

 leaves, full of pellucid dots. Racemes axillary or terminal, 

 simple or compound ; peduncles and pedicels furnished with brae- 

 teas. Flowers greenish, white, or flesh-coloured. 



* Leaves compound. 



1 G. TRIFOLIA'TA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 662. t. 269.) leaves tri- 

 foliate, smooth ; flowers corymbose ; peduncles shorter than the 

 leaves ; stamens 4, 2 of which are sterile. fj . S. Native of 

 Guiana, on the banks of the river Orapu. Sciuris corymbosa, 

 Spreng. syst. 1. p. 38. Flowers small, greenish. It is called 

 Inga by the inhabitants of Guiana. 



Three-leaved Galipea. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. 



2 G. OSSA'NA (D. C. mem. mus. 9. p. 149. t. 10.) leaves tri- 

 foliate, smooth ; flowers panicled ; peduncles longer than the 

 leaves ; calyx 5-parted ; sterile stamens 5, fertile 2. T? . S. 

 Native of Cuba, about the Havannah. Flowers small, greenish. 



De la Ossa's Galipea. Shrub 6 feet. 



3 G. LASIOSTE'MON (St. Hil. mss.) leaves trifoliate, full of 

 glandular dots, young ones, petioles, and branches pubescent ; 

 racemes almost terminal, erect, pubescent ; petals villous on the 

 inside, and pubescent on the outside, as well as the calyx ; sta- 

 mens fringed, villous, 3 fertile, and 2 sterile. Tj S. Native of 

 Brazil, in woods atllheos. Lasiostemum sylvestre, Nees et Mart, 

 in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 171. t. 19. Flowers white. 



Hairy-stamened Galipea. Shrub. 



4 G. CUSPA'RIA (St. Hil. mss.) leaves trifoliate ; racemes stalk- 

 ed, almost terminal; calyx 5-toothed ; sterile stamens 3. T? . S. 

 Native of South America. Cusparia febrifuga, Humb. tabl. 

 geog. Bonplandia trifoliata, Willd. act. acad. berl. 1802. p. 24. 

 H. et B. pi. equin. 2. p. 59. t. 57. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 

 amer. 6. p. 8. Angostura Cuspare, Roam, et Schult. syst. 4. p. 

 183. The Angostura bark of the shops is the produce of this 

 tree. As an aromatic bitter it acts as a tonic and stimulant of 

 the organs of digestion. It increases the appetite for food, re- 

 moves flatulence and acidity, arising from dyspepsia, and is a 

 very effectual remedy in diarrhoea, proceeding from weakness of 

 the bowels, and in dysentery ; and it possesses the singular ad- 



vantage of not oppressing the stomach, as Peruvian bark is apt 

 to do ; but it does not cure intermittents. It is exhibited in 

 powder, in doses of from 5 to 20 grains, either alone or with 

 rhubarb, magnesia, or carbonate of lime. In infusion, a drachm 

 to 4 ounces of water daily. In tincture, 1 or 2 drachms in dys- 

 pepsia. In watery extract, we are informed by Humboldt, 

 that the Capuchins, who possess the missions of Carony, pre- 

 pare with great care an extract of the bark, which they distri- 

 bute to the convents of Catalonia. The natural history of this 

 bark was long but imperfectly known. It is now fully esta- 

 blished by the travels of Humboldt. The appearance of the 

 bark varies according as it has been taken from larger or smaller 

 branches. The tincture of which is of a deep yellow-colour, and 

 becomes turbid and white on admixture with water. Dr. Ram- 

 bach, of Hamburgh, first observed poisonous effects from some 

 Angostura bark. The Austrian government on this account 

 ordered all the Angostura bark in the kingdom to be destroyed, 

 and interdicted its future importation ; and other states have 

 followed its example. This is in consequence of the Angostura 

 bark of commerce being of different kinds, the most of which are 

 spurious and poisonous. The false or fine Angostura bark, Brit- 

 cea antidysenterica, has been more recently analyzed by Pelletan 

 and Caventou. They have discovered in it a new alkali, upon 

 which its virulence depends, and to which they have given the 

 name of Bruceae. Its action on the living body is to produce 

 tetanus, without affecting the intellectual faculties, in which 

 respect it has a great analogy to strychnia, or nux vomica, but it 

 is only about one-third of its strength. See Brucea. 

 Cuspare or Angostura-bark. Tree 68 to 80 feet. 



5 G. AROMA^TICA (Spreng. syst. app. p. 91.) leaves trifoliate, 

 smooth ; racemes spicate, axillary ; sterile stamens 3, fertile 2. 



^.S. Native of Guiana, in woods of Orapu. Raputia aroma- 

 tica, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 670. t. 272. Sciuris aromatica, Vahl. in 

 Willd. spec. 1. p. 153. Flowers greenish. Bark of the trunk 

 aromatic. 



Aromatic-barbed. Galipea. Fl. Aug. Shrub 3 feet. 



6 G. HETEROPHY'LLA (St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 131. 

 pi. rem. bras. 131. t. 12.) leaves 3-4-5-foliate, on long petioles ; 

 leaflets lanceolate, rather pubescent on the middle nerve ; 

 racemes supra-axillary, on long peduncles ; sterile stamens 2. 

 T? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. 



Variable-leaved Galipea. Shrub. 



* * Leaves simple. 



7 G. PENTA'GYNA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 131. t. 11. 

 A.) leaves long-lanceolate, very acute, quite smooth ; racemes 

 compound at the tops of the branches, axillary, or somewhat 

 extra-axillary ; peduncles flattened ; sterile stamens 3 ; styles 5, 

 quite distinct. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio 

 Janeiro. 



Five-styled Galipea. Shrub. 



8 G. RESINOSA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 134.) 

 leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, shining ; glands on petioles 

 very prominent, rough ; corymbs terminal, stalked ; corolla 

 somewhat bilabiate ; stamens 5, only 2 of which are fertile. J? . 

 S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, and on the 

 road to Felisbert. Ravia resinosa, Nees et Mart, in act. bonn. 

 xi. p. 169. t. 19. f. E. and t. 23. Flowers white. Corymbs ca- 

 pitate. Shrub beset with resinous dots. 



Resinous Galipea. Fl. Jan. Shrub 6 feet. 



9 G. PENTA'NDRA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 134. t. 13.) 

 leaves lanceolate, acuminated, obtuse, but acute at the base, 

 smooth ; racemes axillary, simple, few-flowered ; pedicels each 

 furnished with 3 bracteas ; stamens 5, all fertile. I? . S. Native 

 of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. 



Five-anthered Galipea. Shrub. 



