802 



RUTACEjE. XLII. ZANTHOXYLUM. 



at the apex, ending in a clavate stigma. Sepals sometimes 

 6-9, according to Kunth, sometimes only 4. Trees with impari- 

 pinnate leaves. 



1 Z. FRAXI'NEUM (Willd. spec. 4. p. 757.) leaves impari-pin- 

 nate, with 4 or 5 pairs of ovate, obsoletely-serrulated leaflets, 

 which are equal at the base ; petioles terete, unarmed ; prickles 

 stipular ; corymbs axillary. ^ . H. Native of North America, 

 from Canada to Virginia, and Kentucky, in woods near rivers. 

 Z. ramiflorum, Michx. fl. 2. p. 235. Z. clava Herculis var. Lin. 

 spec. 1455. Lam. diet. 2. p. 38. Z. Americanum, Mill. diet, 

 no. 2. Z. Caribae'um, Gaert. fruct. but not of Lam. Duham. 

 arb. 1. 1. 97. Catesb. carol. 1. t. 26. Sepals whitish; anthers 

 red. The bark and capsules have a hot acrid taste, and are 

 used for easing the tooth-ache ; hence it is called Tooch-ache- 

 tree. A tincture of them is also much commended for the cure 

 of rheumatism. 



Ash-like or Common Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. March, April. 

 Clt. 1759. Tree 15 feet. 



2 Z. MITE (Willd. enum. 1013.) unarmed ; leaves impari-pin- 

 nate, pubescent beneath ; flowers axillary. Tj . H. Native of 

 North America. Sepals white ; anthers red ? 



Mild Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1812. Tree 

 15 feet. 



SECT. II. FAGA' RA (a name given to an aromatic plant by Avi- 

 cennes). Jacq. Lin. Schreb. Nees et Mart. Pterota, P. Brown, 

 Adans. Fagara species, Juss. Xanthoxylum species, Nees et 

 Mart. Calyx 4-parted. Petals and stamens 4. Ovaries 2 or 

 2-parted. Stigmas 2-lobed. 



* Flowers hermaphrodite. 



3 Z. PTEROTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 3.) 

 prickly ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets obovate, a little cre- 

 nated ; petioles with a narrow wing ; prickles 2, stipular hooked. 

 fy , S. Native of Jamaica and Cuba. Fagara Pterota, Lin. 

 amcen. 5. p. 391. Schinus Fagara, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 389. 

 Fagara lentiscifolia, Willd. enum. 1. p. 166. Spikes axillary, 

 shorter than the petioles. Flowers white. Browne, jam. p. 146. 

 t. 5. f. 1. Sloan, jam. 2. p. 25. t. 168. f. 4. 



Winged-petioled Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1768. 

 Shrub 10 feet. 



4 Z. CULANTRILO (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 2.) 

 unarmed ; leaves trifoliate or impari-pinnate ; leaflets oblong, 

 somewhat emarginate, crenate ; petioles obsoletely winged ; pe- 

 duncles axillary, branched, a little longer than the petioles. 1? . 

 S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river Ama- 

 zon, near Jaen-de-Bracamaros. Flowers white. Culantrilo is 

 the vernacular name of the tree. 



Culantrilo Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 24 feet. 



5 Z. PRVE'COX (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 76.) unarmed; leaves 

 abruptly-pinnate, with lanceolate-elliptic, blunt, subretuse but 

 acute at the base, almost entire, deciduous leaflets, which are 

 pubescent beneath, full of pellucid dots ; rachis hardly margi- 

 nate ; female flowers quadrifid, 4-petalled, disposed in racemose 

 panicles ; pistil solitary, rarely twin. T? . S. Native of Brazil, 

 in the province of Rio Janeiro, near Uba. Flowers greenish 

 white. Ovary 1-2-valved. 



Early Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Oct. Tree 20 feet. 



6 Z. HYEMA'LE (St. Hil. fl. usu. bras. t. 37. fl. bras. 1. p. 

 75.) armed, rather prickly, smooth ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 

 3 or 6 pairs of obovate, blunt, crenate-serrated, nearly sessile 

 leaflets, glandular on the margins ; rachis hardly winged ; flowers 

 in racemose panicles, axillary, 4-petalled ; style 1 . J? . S. Na- 

 tive of Brazil, in the provinces of St. Catharine and Rio Grande 

 do Sul. Flowers white. The tree is called Coentrilho by the 



inhabitants, who pretend that the bark, reduced to a powder, 

 is good against the ear-ache. The wood is excellent. 

 Winter Tooth-ache-tree. Tree. 



7 Z. AFFI'NE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 3.) spa- 

 ringly prickly ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 7 or 9 oblong, blunt, 

 smooth leaflets, which are crenate, and full of glandular dots on 

 the edges ; petioles hairy ; spikes axillary, many-flowered. Tj . 

 S. Native of Mexico, at Lake Cuiseo. Style 1 ? Flowers 

 white ? 



Allied Tooth-ache-tree. Tree. 



8 Z. PIPERITUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 725.) prickly; leaves im- 

 pari-pinnate ; leaflets oblong, unequal at the base, crenate ; 

 petiole a little winged, jointed ; prickles stipular. Jj . G. Native 

 of Japan. Fagara piperita, Lin. spec. 172. Thunb. jap. 61 ? 

 Flowers white, in terminal panicles. Ovary 1-2. Style 1. Seed 

 1. Kcempf. amcen. t. 893. The bark, leaves, and fruit of this 

 shrub being aromatic are frequently used in soups instead of 

 spice. The bruised leaves made into a cataplasm with meal of 

 rice are laid upon the parts afflicted with rheumatism. 



Pepper Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1773. Shrub 6 feet. 



9 Z. PERROTE'TII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 726.) leaves impari-pin- 

 nate, with 7 or 9 pairs of sessile, elliptical-oblong, acuminated 

 leaflets, which are toothed at the apex ; petioles and branches 

 unarmed ; panicles subcorymbose. ^ . S. Native of French 

 Guiana. Carpels at maturity twin or solitary from abortion. 

 Flowers white ? Petioles not margined. 



Perrotet's Tooth-ache-tree. Tree. 



10 Z. AVICE'NN^: (D. C. prod. 1. p. 726.) prickly; leaves 

 impari-pinnate ; leaflets 9-1 3, lanceolate, smooth, almost entire, 

 on short petioles ; racemes panicled, shorter than the leaves. 

 Jj . G. Native of China. Fagara Avicennae, Lam. diet. 2. p. 

 445. Lob. icon. 2. p. 133. f. 2. (fruct.) Flowers white? 



Avicenna's Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1823. Shrub. 



11 Z. BUDRU'NGA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 728.) armed with small 

 incurved prickles ; leaves abruptly or impari-pinnate, with 5 or 6 

 pairs of unequal, ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminated, smooth 

 leaflets ; panicles terminal, crowded. Tj . S. Native of the 

 East Indies, in Silhet, where it is called Budrung by the natives, 

 who use the seeds medicinally, being of a warm spicy nature, 

 with the fragrance of lemon-peel. Flowers white ? Stamens 

 much longer than the petals. Capsule single, drupaceous, about 

 the size of a pea, the outer coat is marked with cells, filled with 

 a fragrant balsam, containing a solitary shining seed, having 3 

 integuments. 



Budrung Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1825. 

 Tree 20 feet. 



12 Z. RHE'TSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 728.) armed with prickles ; 

 leaves abruptly pinnate, with 8 or 16 pairs of lanceolate, falcate, 

 smooth, entire leaflets, all nearly equal in size ; panicle terminal, 

 frequently cross armed. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, on 

 the mountainous parts of the coast. Fagara Rhetsa, Roxb. fl. 

 ind. 1. p. 428. A large much-spreading tree. Flowers minute, 

 yellow. Stamens shorter than the petals. Style thick, terminated 

 by a tapering stigma. Capsule single, dry, 1-celled, 2-valved, 

 about the size of a pea, containing a round, glossy, black seed. 

 The unripe capsules are like small berries, they are gratefully 

 aromatic, and taste like the skin of a fresh orange. The ripe 

 seeds taste like black pepper, but weaker. The inner bark is 

 also acrid, with a mixture of bitter. The tree is called in the 

 Telinga language Rhetsa-maun. Rhetsa means a committee, or 

 select number of men assembled to settle disputes, &c., and 

 maun signifies trees of the largest size. Under the shade of this 

 tree the hill people assemble to examine, agitate, and determine 

 their matters of public concern, deliver discourses, &c. 



Rhetsa-maun Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Dec. Tree 50 feet. 



13 Z. NI'TIDUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 727.) branches, petioles, 



1 



