DIPTEROCARPE^E. I. DIPTEROCARPUS. II. SHORE A. III. DRYOBALANOPS. 



813 



Tree 100 to 150 feet. 

 FIG. 125. 



late pubescence beneath ; buds linear, tomentose ; the 2 longest 

 segments of the calyx obtuse. Jj . S. Native of Java. 

 Slender-budded Dipterocarpus. 



6 D. TURBINA'TUS (Roxb. cor. 

 3. p. 10. t. 213.) leaves ovate-ob- 

 long, entire or serrated, smooth 

 and shining, acute, but rounded at 

 the base ; buds conically-lanceo- 

 late, downy ; the 2 longest segments 

 of the calyx lanceolate, obtuse. 

 T? . S. Native of Chittagong, 

 Tepperah, and Pegu, and the coun- 

 tries northward of Bengal. Flow- 

 ers white. This tree is famous 

 over the eastern parts of India and 

 the Malay islands, on account of 

 its yielding a thin liquid balsam, 

 commonly called Wuod-oil, which 

 is much used for painting ships 

 and houses in India. A large notch 

 is cut into the trunk of the tree 



near the earth, where a fire is kept until the wound is charred, 

 soon after which the liquid begins to ooze out. A small gutter 

 is cut in the wood to conduct the fluid into a vessel placed to 

 receive it. These operations are performed during the months 

 of November, December, January, and February ; and should 

 any of the trees appear sickly the following season, one or more 

 years' respite is given them. 



Turbinate Dipterocarpus. Tree 100 to 150 feet. 



7 D. ALATUS (Roxb. hort. beng. 42.) leaves ovate-elliptic, 

 tapering to both ends, pubescent on both surfaces as well as the 

 branches and petioles ; the 2 large segments of calyx lanceolate 

 and obtuse. T? . S. Native of Pegu. 



Winged Dipterocarpus. Tree 100 feet. 



f Species only known by name from Roxburgh's hortus ben- 

 galensis, p. 42. and p. 93. 



S D. COSTA TUS (Roxb.l. c. p. 42.) ^ . S. Native of Chit- 

 tagong. 



9 D. INCA'NUS (Roxb. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Chittagong. 



10 D. TUBERCULA'TUS (Roxb. 1. c. p. 93.) T? . S. Native of 

 Chittagong. 



1 1 D. PILOSUS (Roxb. 1. c. p. 93.) >j . S. Native of Mascal 

 Island. 



Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit these fine 

 trees ; and ripened cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand 

 with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. 



II. SHO'REA (named in honour of the Right Hon. Lord 

 Teignmouth, late governor of Bengal). Gaert. fruct. 3. p. 48. t. 

 180. Roxb. cor. 3. p. 10. t. 212. 



LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, en- 

 larging into 5 long wings. Petals 5, twisted in the bud, rather 

 silky on the outside. Stamens 25-30, lower half broad and 

 membranous. Anthers short. Fruit 1-celled, 3-valved, 1- 

 seeded. Cotyledons fleshy, stalked, obliquely incumbent. A 

 large tree, with panicles of yellow flowers. 



1 S. ROBU'STA (Roxb. 1. c.) leaves cordate, oblong, entire, smooth, 

 on short petioles ; calyx pubescent, as well as the branches of the 

 panicle. ^ . S. Native of the skirts of the northern moun- 

 tains of India. The wood of this tree is in very general use near 

 Bengal for beams, rafters, and various economical purposes ; it 

 is of an uniform li^ht-brown colour, close grained, and heavy, 

 but at the same time it does not appear to be very durable, and 

 on that account greatly inferior to teak, but in strength it cer- 

 tainly surpasses it, and deserves to be considered the second 



timber tree of India, as the teak is considered the first. This 

 tree yields large quantities of a resin commonly called Dammer 

 in India, which is very generally used as a substitute for pitch 

 in the marine yard. The best pieces are commonly used in- 

 stead of the common incense (Benzoin) in the temples of the 

 Hindoos. 



Robust Shorea. Tree 100 to 150 feet. 



2 S. ROXBU'RGHII ; smooth ; leaves coriaceous, oval, rather 

 emarginate at the point ; calyx smooth, as well as branches of 

 panicle. 1? . S. Native of the East Indies. Differs from S. 

 robusta in being smooth. 



Roxburgh's Shorea. Tree 100 feet. 



f Species the names of which are only known from Roxburgh's 

 hortus bengalensis. 



S S. TUMBUGGA'IA (Roxb.) from Coromandel. 



4 S. LONGISPE'RMA (Roxb.) from Prince of Wales Island. 



5 S. TALU V RA (Roxb.) from Ballaghat? 



Cult. See DiptcrocArpus for culture and propagation. 



III. DR YOB A'LANOPS (Zpvor, dryon, a forest, and fiaXavoc, 

 from fta\\ta, hallo, to let grow, incense ; the resin is used as 

 incense). Gaert. fruct. Coleb. in asiat. res. 12. p. 535. with a 

 figure. 



LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5 -cleft, all the 

 segments growing into broad reflexed wings. Petals 5, convo- 

 lute in the bud. Anthers? Fruit 3-valved, 1-celled, 1 -seeded. 

 Cotyledons fleshy, contortuplicate. A large tree, with panicles 

 of yellow flowers, and elliptic, obtusely acuminated, entire, coria- 

 ceous, shining leaves, lower ones opposite, on short stalks. Sti- 

 pulas awl-shaped. 



1 D. CA'MPHORA (Colebr. in asiat. res. 1. c.) Jj . S. Native 

 of Sumatra and Borneo. D. aromatica, Gaert. Shorea camphori- 

 fera, Roxb. Camphor is extracted from the Laurus Cdmphora, 

 with the aid of heat, but the natural camphor, in substance and 

 of the greatest value, is furnished by this tree. Some of the 

 trees are C or 7 feet in diameter, but it will produce camphor at 

 a much earlier period, when the tree does not exceed 2 or 2^ 

 feet in diameter. The same tree which yields oil would have 

 produced camphor if unmolested, the former being supposed to 

 be the first stage of the latter forming, and is consequently 

 found in younger trees. The natives have no certain means of 

 ascertaining the tree which produces either the one or the other, 

 although there are some men, styled Toongoo Nyr Cappoor, who 

 pretend to that knowledge, but they cannot give any reason for 

 their judgment, beyond favourable dreams which superstition 

 has rendered infallible ; but it must be admitted that this descrip- 

 tion of people succeed better than others who go in search of 

 camphor. Both oil and camphor are found in the heart of the 

 tree, occupying a vacuum, which in others is frequently filled with 

 pitch; but it does not extend to the whole length, on the con- 

 trary they are found in small portions of a foot and a foot and a 

 half long at certain distances. The method of extracting the 

 oil is merely by making a deep incision with a Malay axe in the 

 tree about 1 8 inches from the ground till near the heart, where 

 a deeper incision is made, with a small aperture, and the oil, if 

 any, in the tree gushes out, and is received in bamboos or any 

 other utensil ; in this manner a party proceeds through the woods 

 wounding the camphor trees, till they attain their object. The 

 camphor is pretty nearly obtained in the same way. The trees 

 are cut to the heart about the same height from the ground, as 

 in the former instance, till the camphor is seen ; hundreds may 

 be thus mutilated before the sought for tree is discovered. 

 When attained, it is felled, and cut into junks of a fathom long, 

 which are again split, and the camphor is found in the heart, 

 occupying a space in circumference of the thickness of a man's 



