814 



D1PTEROCARPE.E. III. DRYOBALANOPS. IV. HOFEA. V. VATERIA. VI. LOPHIRA. OCHNACE^. 



arm. The produce of a middle-sized tree is about 1 1 pounds, 

 and of a large one double that quantity. The camphor thus 

 found is called Se Tantong. It is often the case that the trees 

 which have been thus cut, and left standing in that state, in 7 or 

 8 years after will again produce camphor, which is distin- 

 guished by the name of Oogar, but is inferior in appear- 

 ance to the first, though of the same quality. The sorts of 

 camphor called belly and foot are the scrapings of the wood 

 which surrounds it. The camphor obtained from this tree 

 is much more pure than that obtained from any other plant. 

 Camphor is also obtained from the, roots of the Cinnamon, Alpl- 

 nia, Galdnga, Amomum Zedoaria, and several other plants ; 

 but as the Laurus Cdmphora furnishes nearly all the camphor 

 of the shops, we shall give the qualities and uses of camphor 

 more particularly under that head. 



Sumatra Camphor-tree. Tree 100 feet. 



Cult. See Dipterocdrpus for culture and propagation. 



IV. HO'PEA (in honour of John Hope, M.D. once pro- 

 fessor of botany at Edinburgh, who died in 178'6 ; he was one 

 of the earliest lecturers on vegetable physiology, as well as a 

 profound practical botanist). Roxb. cor. 3. p. 9. t. 210. 



LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, 2 of 

 which are extended into wings. Corolla 5-cleft, convolute in 

 aestivation. Stamens 10, inserted in the throat of the corolla, 

 alternate ones bearing each 2 anthers. Anthers short. Fruit 

 of a tender texture, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. A large tree, with ter- 

 minal panicles of small, fragrant, yellow flowers. 



1 H. ODORA V TA (Roxb. 1. c.) ^ S. Native of Chittagong. 

 Leaves on short stalks, ovate-oblong, shining, bifarious, waved, 

 smooth, of a deep green. Flowers secund along the ramifica- 

 tions of the panicle. 



Sweet-scented Hopea. Tree 80 feet. 



f Species only known by name from Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42. 

 and 93. 



2 H. SCA'PHULA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 93.) (j . S. Native of 

 Mascal Island. 



3 H. EGLANDULOSA (Roxb. 1. c. p. 42.) fy . S. Native of 

 Tipperah. 



Cult. See Dipterocdrpus for propagation and cultivation. 



V. VATE'RIA (in honour of Abraham Vater, once profes- 

 sor of medicine at Wirtemberg, author of some botanical disser- 

 tations on the balsam of Mecca; he died in 1751). Lin. gen. 

 269. Roxb. cor. 3. p. 86. t. 288. 



LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; segments 

 at length reflexed. Petals 5, oval, emarginate, twisted in the 

 bud. Stamens 40-50, short, inserted between the petals and 

 the base of the germ. Anthers long, linear. Capsule 3-valved, 

 1-celled, and 1- seeded. Cotyledons stalked. Large trees, with 

 entire, smooth, coriaceous leaves, and terminal panicles of white 

 flowers. Anthers yellow. 



1 V. I'NDICA (Lin. spec. 734. Roxb. cor. 1. c.) leaves oblong; 

 flowers rather remote on the ramifications of the panicle; stipu- 

 las oblong. Jj . S. Native of Malabar. Elseocarpus copallf- 

 ferus, Retz, obs. fasc. 4. p. 27. Rheed. mal. 4. p. 33. t. 15. 

 In the Bidinose country this tree is called Dammer-tree. When 

 wounded it discharges a clear, pellucid, fragrant resin, acrid and 

 bitter to the taste, at length becoming yellow and brittle like 

 glass. This, according to Konig, is one kind of copal. Persons 

 experienced in the use of this gum, so useful for varnishing 

 anatomical preparations, know that there are several different 

 things imported under the same name, which are not all equally 

 soluble even in oil of lavender. The true gum copal is not 

 from this tree, but it generally goes under that name in India ; 



the best specimens of the gum are employed as ornaments un- 

 der the name of amber (Kahroba), to which it bears exterior re- 

 semblance. In its recent and fluid state it is used as a varnish 

 in the south of India, and dissolved by heat in closed vessels it 

 is employed for the same purpose in other parts of-India. 



Indian Copal-tree. Tree 80 feet. 



2 V. LANCEJEFOLIA (Colebr. asiat. res. 12. p. 538.) leaves lan- 

 ceolate, fy . S. Native of the East Indies. This tree affords 

 a resin, from which, as from other resins, the Indians prepare 

 one of the materials of their religious oblations. 



Lance-leaved Copal-tree. Tree 60 feet. 



Cult. See Dipterocarpus for cultivation and propagation. 



2. Lophirce. Radicle inferior. 



VI. LOPHTRA (from Xo^oe, lophos, a crest ; in allusion to 

 one of the sepals being extended out into a ligulate wing or 

 crest). Gsert. fruct. 3. p. 52 and 53. t. 188. Pers. ench. 2. 

 p. 80. 



LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, 3 of 

 which are very small, one very large, and ligulate with the one 

 opposite it, 3 times smaller than it. Corolla of 5 petals. Sta- 

 mens numerous. Anthers short? Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, in- 

 dehiscent, fleshy, soft. Shrubs and trees, with long leathery 

 pale-green leaves, resembling those of Theophrdsla, with ter- 

 minal and axillary short racemes of white flowers. 



1 L. AFIUCA'NA (Gasrt. 1. c.) leaves long-lanceolate, emargi- 

 nate. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, very common in dry 

 places near Freetown, where it is called Scurby or Scruby oak. 

 A small branching tree. 



African Scruby-oak. El. Feb. Clt. 1822. Tree 10 to 15 ft. 



2 L. SI'MPLEX ; leaves long, lanceolate, obtuse at the apex. 

 Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the mountains. This tree 



grows with a tall, straight, slender trunk, without branches, but 

 with a tuft of leaves at the apex. 



Simple-stemmed Scruby-oak. Tree 30 feet. 



Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit these fine trees. 

 The species have got tap roots, therefore they should be planted 

 in as deep pots as possible, in order to give room to the roots 

 to descend, or they will not live ; at the same time they require 

 to be kept rather dry. Ripe cuttings will probably root in 

 sand under a hand-glass, in heat. 



Cohort IV. Fruit gynabasic, inserted in ajtcshy receptacle, 

 with which the style is continuous. 



ORDER LXII. OCHNA'CE* (plants agreeing with ffchna 

 in important characters). D. C. ann. mus. 17. p. 398. rec. 

 mem. 1813. no. 5. D. C. prod. 1. p. 735. 



Calyx of 5 sepals, which are hardly connected at the base, 

 permanent (f. 126. &.), imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, hypo- 

 gynous (f. 126. d.\ caducous alternating with the sepals, rarely 

 10, spreading, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5, alternating with 

 the petals, or 10, or indefinite (f. 126. c.), inserted in the hypo- 

 gynous disk, usually permanent ; anthers bilocular, inserted by 

 the base. Ovaries equal in number to the petals. Style 1, fili- 

 form, permanent, widened at base, bearing the ovaries on the sub- 

 globose fleshy disk (f. 126. e.) called a gynobase. Carpels 1- 

 seeded, indehiscent, inserted round the base of the style in a 

 whorl (f. 126. 6.), somewhat drupaceous. Seeds without albu- 

 men. Embryo straight, with a short radicle, and 2 thick co- 

 tyledons. Tropical smooth trees and shrubs abounding in a 

 watery juice. Leaves alternate, simple, feather-nerved, entire, or 

 toothed, with 2 caducous stipulas at the base of each. Flowers 



