CELASTRINE^E. III. EUOXYMUS. 



Gerard Prick-timber. It is called also Louse-berry, Dogwood, 

 and Catteridge-tree. In German it is named Spindelbaum ; in 

 Danish, Bccnced; in Italian, Fusaggene ; in Spanish, Bunetcro ; 

 Bonete de Clerigo ; in Portuguese, Barrete de Clerigo ; in Rus- 

 sian, Meresldet'uina kislianka, Sn'idn, Sedllni Beresdren. The 

 wood is said to be used by musical instrument makers. For 

 skewers and toothpicks the branches should be cut when the 

 shrub is in blossom, for it is tough and not easily broken in 

 that state ; it is also used by watchmakers for cleaning watches : 

 it was formerly used to make spindles, hence the English name 

 of the genus. According to Linnaeus, kine, goats, and sheep eat 

 the leaves, but horses refuse it. No animal, however, seems to 

 browze upon it but the goat. The berries are said to be fatal 

 to sheep ; they are violently emetic and purgative ; powdered 

 and sprinkled upon the hair they destroy lice. The shrub 

 seldom attains any great size when growing wild in the hedges, 

 but when planted singly and properly trained it will have a 

 strong woody stem, and rise more than twenty feet high, divid- 

 ing into many branches, and when in fruit it has a fine appear- 

 ance, the capsules being red and the seeds yellow. First flowers 

 pentandrous, but the others are tetrandrous. 



Var. ft, levcocdrpus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 4.) capsules white or 

 pale, as well as the seeds. 



European or Common Spindle-tree. Fl. May. Britain. 

 Shrub 6 to 20 feet. 



2 E. VERRUCOSUS (Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 268.) branches 

 warted ; leaves ovate, some\i^^; serrated ; peduncles 3-flowered ; 

 petals ovate ; capsule blun^y tetragonal. \i . H. Native of 

 Europe, particularly in Austria, Hungary, and Carniola. Jacq. 

 fl. austr. t. 49. Dull. ed. nov. 3. t. 8. Schmidt, arb. t. 72. E. 

 Europae'us leprosus, Lin. fil. suppl. 154. Petals covered with 

 a pile consisting of very small teats. Capsules 3-4-celled, 3-4- 

 valved ; cells 1-seeded. Stigma bladder-like. Flowers small, 

 greenish-white or greenish-yellow, tetrandrous and pentandrous. 



JFrte</-branched Spindle-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1763. 

 Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 



3 E. LATIFOLIUS (C. Bauh. pin. 428.) branches smooth ; 

 leaves broad-ovate, toothletted ; peduncles trichotomous, many- 

 flowered ; petals oval, obtuse ; lobes of capsule acutely angled, 

 wing-formed. \ . H. Native of Europe, in groves from 

 Dauphiny to Tauria. Jacq. austr. t. 289. Sims, bot. mag. 

 2384. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 120. Duh. arb. ed. nov. 3. t. 7. 

 E. Europae'us /3, Lin. spec. 286. Flowers usually pentandrous, 

 white at first, but becoming purplish as they fade. Capsules red? 



Bread-leaved Spindle-tree. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1730. 

 Shrub 10 to 20 feet. 



4 E.' NA'NUS (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 160.) branches smooth, 

 somewhat herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate, quite entire, nearly 

 opposite; peduncles 1-3-flovvered ; flowers tetrandrous, 4-pe- 

 talled. Jj . H. Native of the north of Caucasus. A little 

 shrub, rt'ith the appearance of Cneurum Iricuccum. The fruit 

 being unknown the genus is doubtful. Flowers whitish ? 



Dwarf Spindle-tree. Clt. 1825. Shrub 2 feet. 



Asiatic. 



5 E. HAMILTON i A'NUS (Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 403.) branches 

 smooth, terete ; leaves lanceolate, finely serrated ; peduncles 

 dichotomous, 6-flowered ; flowers tetrandrous ; petals 4, lan- 

 ceolate, cordate ; ovary 4-lobed, 4-celled, each cell contain- 

 ing 2 ova. Tj . H. Native of Nipaul. E. atropurpurea, 

 Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 402. Trunk erect ; branchlets spreading. 

 Petals with revolute edges, white. Anthers brown. 



Hamilton's Spindle-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Sh. 

 5 to 20 feet. 



6 E. GLA'BRUS (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 403.) arboreous ; leaves 

 oblong, smooth, with the anterior margin serrated ; peduncles 



2 or 3 times dichotomous, with a single flower in each fork ; 

 flowers pentandrous. Tj . F. Native of Chittagong, in the 

 East Indies, where it flowers in May. Flowers greenish-white. 

 Smooth Spindle-tree. Tree 15 feet. 



7 E. GARCiNiFOLii's (Roxb. in fl. ind. 2. p. 403.) branchlets 

 smooth, terete ; leaves lanceolate, entire ; petals oblong, with 

 incurved edges, much longer than the calyx ; peduncles between 

 the leaves, sometimes solitary, 3-flowered ; flowers pentandrous. 

 Tj . F. Native of Silhet, in the East Indies, where it is called 

 Mori, and at Suemba in Upper Nipaul. E. lacerus, Hamilt. in 

 D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 191 ? Flowers small, pale-yellow. 

 Capsule oblong, size of a small field-bean, 1 -celled, 2-valved, 

 opening from the base, containing a solitary, oval seed, covered 

 with a thin, succulent, veined, bright scarlet aril. 



Garcinia-leaved Spindle-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1820. Tree 

 12 feet. 



8 E. TINGENS (Wall, in fl. ind. vol. 2. p. 406.) branchlets 

 obscurely tetragonal, smooth ; leaves leathery, ovate-lanceolate, 

 serrulated, wrinkled above ; lobes of calyx permanent ; pedun- 

 cles 2 or 3 times dichotomous, short, flattened, disposed in 

 numerous approximate pairs on the young shoots, with opposite, 

 linear, fringed bracteas at each subdivision ; petals veined, ovate, 

 with short claws ; capsule 5-cornered. T? . F. Native of the 

 East Indies, on the summit of Sheopore, as well as on the 

 Sewalik mountains, and on those of Shreenugur. Its Newar 

 name is Kasoori. Trunk as thick as a man's thigh, spotted 

 with large, ochre-coloured tubercles ; branchlets short, thick. 

 Both the flower and leaf-buds consist of imbricated, lanceolate, 

 fringed scales, and here and there interspersed among the pe- 

 duncles. Flowers large, tetrandrous, or pentandrous, yellowish- 

 green, marked with purplish veins. The yellow bark is em- 

 ployed by the Nipaulese for the purpose of marking the forehead 

 with the idolatrous symbol, commonly called Tika. The wood 

 is white and compact. Capsule about the size of a gooseberry, 

 4-5-cornered, 5-seeded. 



Painting Spindle-tree. Fl. April, May. Tree 16 to 20 feet. 



9 E. VIMBRIA'TUS (Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 408.) branches terete, 

 smooth ; leaves ovate, finely acuminated, fringed with long 

 parallel toothed serratures ; flowers tetrandrous, subumbellate, 

 on long filiform peduncles ; capsules with from 2-5 long, ver- 

 tical tapering wings. Tj . F. Native of the East Indies, on the 

 Sewalik mountains, as well as on those of Shreenugur. It is 

 impossible to confound this with any other species, the leaves 

 being distinctly doubly-serrated. 



Fringed-lescved Spindle-tree. Tree. 



10 E. GRO'SSUS (Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 408.) branches dotted; 

 leaves subopposite, ovate, acute, bluntly and coarsely serrated 

 on longish footstalks ; peduncles twice dichotomous, with long, 

 divaricating divisions, supported by a pair of lanceolate, acute 

 bracteas ; petals oblong. fj . F. Native of Nipaul, on the 

 northward of Sheopore, flowering in June. Leaves shining, 

 rounded at the base, elegantly reticulated beneath. 



Coarse-serrated Spindle-tree. Clt. 1824. Tree 12 feet. 



1 1 E. TNDICUS (Heyne, herb. Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 409.) 

 branches terete, smooth ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 

 acuminated, quite entire ; peduncles 1 -3-flowered; petals oval, 

 fringed ; flowers pentandrous ; capsule clavate, furnished with 

 5 short projecting wings. Tj . F. Native of the East Indies. 

 Branchlets slender, slightly quadrangular. Leaves acute at the 

 base. 



Indian Spindle-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 



12 E. DICHO'TOMUS (Heyne, herb. Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 410.) 

 branchlets slightly quadrangular ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acu- 

 minate at both ends, perfectly entire ; peduncles fascicled, fili- 

 form, one-third shorter than the leaves, 2 or 3 times dichoto- 

 mous at the apex, bearing a number of small pentandrous 



