RHAMNE^E. I. PALIURUS. II. ZIZYPHUS. 



(f. 7. A. .) Petals convolute (f. 7. A./.) or cucullate (f. 7. 

 A. A.). Stamens inclosed (f. 7. A. h.~). Anthers 2-celled. Disk 

 epigynous (f. 7. A. (/.) pentagonal or stellate (f. 7. A. c.). Style 

 trifid. Fruit 3-winged, 3-seeded (f. 7. A. g.~). 



27 CRUMENA'RIA. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Petals cu- 

 cullate. Stamens inclosed. Anthers 2-celled. Style crowned 

 by 3 stigmas. Capsule papyraceous, 3-seeded. 



f Genera allied to Rhdmnece, but they are not sufficiently 

 known. 



28 COU'PIA. Calyx small, 5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong, ap- 

 pendiculate inside. Stamens 5. Stigmas 4-5, sessile. Berry 

 pea-shaped, 4-5-celled, 4-5-seeded. 



29 CARPODE'TUS. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft. Petals 5, small. 

 Stamens 5. Style filiform. Drupe dry, globose, 5-celled, 5-seeded. 



30 SCH^EFFE'RIA. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 4-parted. Pe- 

 tals 4. Stamens 4. Style short or wanting. Stigmas 2. Berry 

 dry, 2 -celled ; cells 1 -seeded. 



31 OLINIA. Calyx campanulate, 5-6-toothed. Petals 5, nar- 

 row. Stamens 5-6, concealed under so many scales. Style 

 short. Fruct inferior, 5-angled, 5-seeded. 



32 DAPHNIPIIY'LLUM. Flowers dioecious. Calyx small, cre- 

 nulated. Corolla none. Stamens 6-10, connate at the base. 

 Stigma bifid, sessile. Drupe containing a 1 -seeded fibrous nut. 



FIG. 4. 



I. PALIU'RUS (Paliurus was the name of a town in Africa). 

 Tourn. inst. t. 386. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 189. D. C. prod. 

 1. p. 22. Brogn. mem. Rhamn. p. 46. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx spreading, 5-cleft 

 (f. 4. A. a.). Petals 5, obovate, convolute (f. 4. A. b. c.). 

 Stamens 5, protruding (f. 4. A. c.). Anthers ovate, 2-celled. 

 Disk flat (f. 4. A. rf.), pentagonal. Ovary 3-celled (f. 4. A. h.\ 

 half immersed in the disk (f. 4. A. rf.). Styles 3. Fruit dry, 

 indehiscent (f. 4. A. g.),*expanding into a membrane round the 

 disk (f. 4. A./.), containing a 3-celled nut f. 4. A. h ). Seeds 

 sessile. Shrubs or trees with alternate simple leaves, with the 

 habit of Zizyphus. 



1 P. ACULEA'TUS (Lam. ill. t. 210. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 4081. 

 Duh. ed. nov. 3. t. 17.) branchlets pubescent; leaves ovate, 

 serrulated, quite smooth, 3-nerved, with 2 spines at their base, 

 one erect the other hooked ; umbellules axillary, few-flowered, 

 crowded ; wing of capsule crenated. fj . H. Native of sterile 

 places about the Mediterranean sea, on both shores, and on the 

 western coast of Asia. P. petasus, Dum. Cours. 6. p. 266. P. 

 australis, Gaert. fruct. 1. t. 43. f. 5. P. vulgaris, D. Don. prod, 

 fl. nep. 189. Rhamnus Paliurus, Lin. spec. 281. Zizyphus 

 Paliurus, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1103. Sims, bot. mag. 1893. 



Flowers greenish-yellow. From the singular appearance of the 

 fruit, resembling a head with a broad-brimmed hat on, the French 

 call the tree Porte-cluipcau. This is by many persons supposed 

 to be the plant from which the crown of thorns, which was put 

 upon the head of our Saviour, was composed ; the truth of which 

 is supported by many travellers of credit, who affirm that this 

 is one of the most common shrubs in the country of Judaea, and 

 from the pliability of its branches, which may easily be wrought 

 into any figure, it may afford a probability. Hasselquist is of 

 opinion that it was rather the Zizyphus spma-Chr'tsli. 



This is the common thorn of the hedges in Asia, and forms a 

 fence of a most impassable kind. The seeds are sold in the 

 herb-shops of Constantinople, and the native hakims, or doc- 

 tors, prescribe them in many complaints, under the name of 

 Xalle. They are also used as a dye. 



Prickly Christ's-thorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596. Sh. 8 ft. 



2 P. VIRGA'TUS (D. Don, in bot. mag. t. 2535. fl. nep. 189.) 

 branches smooth ; leaves obliquely cordate or elliptical, 3-nerved, 

 shining ; wing of fruit entire. fj . H. Native of Nipaul. 

 Leaves serrulated, with 2 thorns at the base of each, the one 

 straight, the other hooked. Flowers in axillary corymbs, green- 

 ish-yellow. A beautiful shrub. 



Tniggy Christ's-thorn. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh. 10 ft. 



3 P.? AUBLETIA (Schult. syst. 5. p. 313.) prickles scattered, 

 straight, short ; leaves ovate, crenulate, smooth ; corymbs axil- 

 lary, pubescent ; berries orbicular, convex beneath, flat above. 

 Tj . H. Native of China, about Canton. Aubletia ramosissima, 

 Lour. fl. coch. 283. P. ramosissima, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 262. 

 Flowers greenish-yellow. Stamens inclosed in the petals. Pro- 

 bably a species of Zizyphus. 



bullet's Christ's-thorn. Shrub 8 feet. 



Cult. These handsome shrubs are well fitted for shrubberies ; 

 they will grow in any common soil, and may be either increased 

 by layers, cuttings of the roots, or seeds. 



II. ZI'ZYPHUS (Zizouf, in Arabic, is the name of the Lotos). 

 Tourn. inst. t. 403. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 43. Lam. ill. t. 185. 

 D. C. prod. 2. p. 19. Brogn. mem. Rhamn. p. 47. 



LIN. SYST. Pentundria, Di-Trigynia. Calyx spreading, 5- 

 cleft (f. 4. B. a.). Petals 5, obovate, unguiculate, convolute 

 (f. 4. B. b. c.). Stamens 5, exserted (f. 4. B. c.). Anthers ovate, 

 2-celled (f. 4. B. c.). Disk flat, pentagonal (f. 4. B. /.), ex- 

 panded, adhering to the tube of the calyx. Ovary 2-3-celled 

 (f. 4. B. e.~), immersed in the disk. Styles 2-3 (f. 4. B. g.). 

 Fruit fleshy (f. 4. B. It.), containing a 1-2-celled nut (f. 4. B. h.). 

 Seeds sessile, compressed, very smooth Shrubs with alternate, 

 3-nerved leaves, and spiny stipulas. Flowers axillary, cymose. 

 Fruit mucilaginous, eatable, more or less grateful. 



* Leaves smooth on both surfaces. 



1 Z. VULGA'RIS (Lam. ill. 185. f. 1.) leaves ovate, retuse, 

 toothletted, and are, as well as the branchlets, smooth ; prickles 

 wanting or twin, one of them recurved ; drupe ovate, oblong. 

 Tj . H. Native of Syria, from whence it has been introduced into 

 Europe. Rhamnus Zizyphus, Lin. spec. 282. Pall. fl. ross. 2. 

 t. 59. Z. saliva, Desf. arb. 2. p. 373. Duh. ed. nov. 3. t. 16. 

 but not of Gaert. Z. Jujuba, Mill. diet. no. 1. but not of Lam. 

 Flowers greenish-yellow, 2 or 3 together. Fruit blood-red or 

 saffron -coloured, having a sweet granular pulp. This tree is 

 cultivated for its fruit in many parts of the south of Europe, 

 where it is called Jujube. In Italy and Spain the fruit is served 

 up at the table in deserts, during the winter-season, as a dry 

 sweet-meat. It is sold in the markets in the towns of Italy and 

 Spain. The tree is said to have been first introduced into Italy 

 from Syria by Sextus Pampinius, in the time of Augustus Cassar. 

 The fruit is also sold in abundance in the markets of Constan- 



