RHAMXE/E. VIII. RHAMNVS. 



31 



Leaves usually alternate. Flowers very small, yellow. Calyx 

 seldom 5-cleft. Berries 2-3-seeded. Branches twiggy, the 

 lateral branchlets terminated in a thorn. 



Twiggy Buck-thorn. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Shrub 12 ft. 



1 1 R. TINCTORIUS (Wakls. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. p. 255.) 

 erect ; leaves ovate, crenate-serrated ; petioles villous ; flowers 

 crowded, dioecious ; berries obcordate, 3-4-seeded. fy . H. 

 Native of Hungary, in hedges. R. cardiospermus, Willd. herb. 

 Flowers greenish-yellow. The berries are used for dying as well 

 as the inner bark. 



Dyers' Buck-thorn. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Sh.Sfeet. 



12 R. INFECTORIUS (Lin. mant. 49.) procumbent or diffuse ; 

 leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrulated, smoothish ; flowers dioecious, 

 bearing petals in both sexes. Jj . H. Native of the south of 

 Europe, in rough places, and in the fissures of rocks. Clus. 

 hist. 1. p. 111. with a figure. Ardu. mem. 78. t. 11. Flowers 

 greenish-yellow, with two reflexed stigmas. The unripe berries 

 are much used for dyeing, and are imported in great quantities 

 into England under the name of Grain d' Avignon or Avignon 

 berries. They are what give the yellow colour to Turkey 

 leather or yellow Morocco. 



Dyers' or Avignon-berry. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1683. Shrub 

 procumbent. 



13 R. SAXA'TILIS (Lin. spec. 1671.) procumbent or erectish ; 

 leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrulated, smoothish ; flowers dioecious, 

 female ones destitute of petals. 1? . H. Native of the south of 

 Europe, among rocks, in Austria, Switzerland, Italy, and Greece. 

 Jacq. austr. t. 53. R. longifolius, Mill. diet. Flowers greenish- 

 yellow. Berries black, containing 3 whitish seeds, each inclosed 

 in a dry whitish membrane, separating into two parts with 

 elastic force. The unripe berries of the species are also sup- 

 posed to be Avignon berries. See R. infectorius. Branches 

 with a few long thorns. 



Rock Buck-thorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. Shrub pro- 

 cumbent. 



14 R. OLEOIDES (Lin. spec. 279.) diffuse or somewhat erect; 

 leaves oblong, obtuse, entire, coriaceous, smooth, with netted 

 veins beneath. >2 H. Native of Sicily, Mauritania, Spain, 

 and Greece, in the fissures of rocks. Desf. atl. 1. p. 197. 

 Flowers greenish-yellow. Berry juiceless, 2-celled, 2-seeded. 



Olive-like Buck-thorn. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1752. Shrub 3 ft. 



15 R. BUXIFOLIUS (Poir. diet. 4. p. 463.) diffuse ; leaves 

 ovate, quite entire, mucronate, smooth, coriaceous, green on both 

 surfaces. Jj.H. Native of Numidia. Flowers greenish-yel- 

 low. According to Desf. this is only a variety of the preceding. 

 Perhaps this is R. buxifolius, Brot. H. lus. 1. p. 301. 



Box-leaved Buck-thorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 3 ft. 



16 R. PUBE'SCENS (Poir. diet. 4. p. 464.) diffuse ; leaves 

 ovate, quite entire, coriaceous, pubescent. Tj . H. Native of 

 the south of France, and of the Levant. R. oleoidcs, Lam. fl. 

 fr. 2. p. 545. ed. 3. no. 4075. This is probably only a variety 

 R. oleoides. 



Pubescent Buck-thorn. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1817. Shrub 3 feet. 



17 R. AMYGDALINUS (Desf. atl. 1. p. 198.) diffuse; leaves 

 permanent, lanceolate, obtuse, almost entire, coriaceous, smooth, 

 not netted beneath. lj . H. Native of the north of Africa, 

 and the islands of the Archipelago, in the fissures of rocks. 

 Flowers greenish-yellow. The Avignon berries or yellow ber- 

 ries are also obtained from this shrub, as well as from R. infec- 

 torius, tinctbrius, saxdtilis, oleoides, buxifolius, and pubescens. 



Almond-like Buck-thorn. Fl. 'June, July. Clt. Shrub 3 feet. 



:I R. PERSICIFOLIUS (Moris, stirp. sard. 4to. fasc. 2.) erect ; 

 ches spiny at the apex ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, crenated, 

 se, reticulately-veined, and pilose beneath. I? . H. Native 

 of Sardinia. 



Peach-leaved Buck-thorn. Shrub. 



1 



A> 



bram 

 obtui 



19 R. CRENULA'TUS (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 263.) erect; leaves 

 oblong, somewhat serrated, permanent, smooth, netted with veins 

 beneath. Jj . G. Native of Teneriffe, on the mountains. 

 Flowers greenish-yellow. 



Crenulate-\ea.\e& Buck-thorn. Fl. March. Clt. 1778. Sh. 6 ft. 



20 R. PRUNIFOLIUS (Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 157. Rees' 

 cycl. no. 6.) plant depressed or procumbent ; leaves obovate, 

 obtuse, crenated, naked ; flowers dioecious or polygamous. t? . 

 H. Native of Crete, on the highest mountains. The female 

 flowers have usually the rudiments of stamens. Flowers green- 

 ish-yellow. 



Plum-leaved Buck-thorn. Shrub depressed. 



21 R. LYCIOIDES (Lin. spec. 279.) erect ; leaves linear, quite 

 entire, obtuse, smooth ; flowers hermaphrodite. Jj . H. Native 

 of Spain, frequent on the limestone hills of Valentia. Cav. icon. 

 2. t. 182. Flowers greenish-yellow. Berries black, round, 

 2-3-seeded. 



Var. ft, Arragonensis (Asso, syn. arr. p. 27.) leaves yellowish 

 above. 



Lycium-like Buck-thorn. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1752. 

 Shrub 4 feet. 



22 R. ERYTHROXYLON (Pall. fl. ross. 2. t. 62. itin. French edit, 

 t. 90.) erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire or serrated, 

 smooth ; flowers hermaphrodite ; berries oblong. Jj . H. Na- 

 tive of Siberia, on rocks. Berries about the size of a pea, 3- 

 seeded. Flowers greenish. This shrub when cultivated becomes 

 destitute of spines. The wood is orange or almost red. 



Var. ft, angustissimus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 25.) leaves linear, nar- 

 row, very finely serrulated. Tj . H. Native of Caucasus. R.. 

 lycioides, Pall. fl. ros. t. 63. This is perhaps a distinct species. 



Red-nooded Buck-thorn. Fl.July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 6 ft. 



* * Branchlets not terminated by spines. 



23 R. RUPE'STRIS (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 531.) procumbent, 

 branched ; leaves ovate, quite entire, smooth ; flowers dioecious. 

 Tj . H. Native of Dauphiny, on rocks. R. pumilus /3, rupes- 

 tris, D. C. prod. 25. Flowers greenish-yellow. Stigma 3- 

 cleft. 



Rock Buck-thorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. Sh. proc. 



24 R. VALENTI'NUS (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1096.) procumbent; 

 leaves roundish, elliptical, minutely-crenate, and nearly sessile ; 

 flowers 4-cleft, hermaphrodite. Tj . H. Native of Spain, on the 

 mountains of Mecca and Palomera, in the kingdom of Valentia. 

 R. pumilus, Cav. icon. 2. t. 181. Style deeply 3-parted. Drupe 

 dry, 3-celled. 



Valentia Buck-thorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Sh. proc. 



25 R. WULFE'NII (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 762.) erectish ; leaves 

 orbicular, with cartilaginous crenate margins, veiny, silky be- 

 neath at the nerves ; stigma simple ; flowers hermaphrodite. 

 Tj . H. Native of Austria. R. pumilus, Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. 

 p. 141. t. 11. Flowers greenish-yellow. 



Wulfen's Buck-thorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. Sh. 2 ft. 



26 R. PUSI'LLUS (Ten. prod. 16.) procumbent ; leaves obovate, 

 acute, crenulated, and mucronate at the apex ; flowers herma- 

 phrodite ; stigma 3-parted. 1? . H. Native of Naples. 



Small Buck-thorn. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub proc. 



27 R. SIBTHORPIA'NUS (Schult. syst. 6. p. 286.) diffuse ; leaves 

 obovately-rhomboid, almost entire, lined, villous ; flowers dioe- 

 cious, usually digynous. T? . H. Native of Mount Parnassus. 

 Allied to R. alpinus and R.frdngula. R. pubescens, Sibth. fl. 

 grsec. t. 239. Flowers green. 



Sibthorp's Buck-thorn. Shrub diffuse, 



28 R. DAHU RICUS (Pall. fl. ross. 2. t. 61.) erect; leaves ob- 

 long-ovate, serrated, smooth, veiny ; flowers dioecious, female 

 ones with bifid stigmas, fj . H. Native of Dahuria, on the 

 banks of the river Argun. Flowers greenish-yellow. Berries 



