60 



AQUILARINEJi. I. AQUILARIA. II. OPHISPERMUM. III. GYRINOPS. TEREBINTHACEJE. 



S. Native of Malacca. A.ovata, Cav. cliss. 7. p. 377. t. 224. 

 Bois d'Aigle, Sonnerat. The wood is whitish-yellow. Branches 

 rather villous. Petioles short, hairy. Stipulas wanting. Leaves 

 quite smooth. For the history of this tree see Lam. diet. 1. p. 49. 

 Malacca Eagle-wood. Clt. 1823. Tree. 



2 A. AGALLOCHA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 33.) ^ . S. Native 

 of the East Indies, where it is called Ugoor or Ugooroo by the 

 natives, and by Europeans Lignum-aloes or Aloe-wood, but the 

 Aloexylun Louretrii is a very distinct plant from this and the 

 following. The wood has a fine scent, and is called Agallo- 

 chum. This shrub is supposed to be the Calambac or Agallo- 

 c/iitm of the ancients. 



Agallochum or Aloe-wood. Tree. 



3 A. SECUNDA'RIA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 59.) J? . S. Native of 

 the Moluccas. Agallochum secundarium, Rumph. amb. 2. t. 10. 

 This species, according to Lamarck, differs from the preceding 

 in the leaves being gradually acuminated, not abruptly so. The 

 wood of this tree has been long used as a perfume, and was 

 formerly an article of the Materia Medica, under the names of 

 Agallochum, Lignum Aloes or Aloe-wood. This wood in its 

 natural state is white and inodorous. That which possesses the 

 peculiar aroma, for which it is valued, is supposed to be the 

 consequence of a diseased process in the tree, causing the olea- 

 ginous particles to stagnate and concrete into resin in the inner 

 part of the trunk and branches, by which the natural appearance 

 of the wood is altered, so as to be of a darker colour, and of a 

 fragrant smell. At length the tree dies, and when split the 

 resinous part is taken out. The perfumes which this wood 

 affords are highly esteemed by the oriental nations. This per- 

 fume is said to be useful in vertigo and palsy, given in the form 

 of powder ; it is recommended to restrain vomitings and alvine 

 fluxes. But it seems to contain little else than that camphora- 

 ceous matter common to many other vegetable substances. 

 From its bitter taste it has the name of aloes. The above 

 description may apply to all the species, or perhaps to Alovxylon 

 Agallochum. See Legummbsiz. 



Secondary Aloe-wood. Tree. 



Cult. See end of order for culture and propagation. 



II. OPHISPE'RMUM (from o^ir, opliis, a snake, and trirepfia, 

 sperma, a seed; in allusion to the twisted form of the seed). 

 Lour. fl. coch. 281. D. C. prod. 2. p. 59. 



LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Perigone 6-parted. Ur- 

 ceolus 10-lobed, tomentose, placed in the orb at the base of the 

 calyx. Stamens 10 ; anthers standing. Style longer than the 

 stamens, bifid at the apex. Capsules compressed, opening at 

 the apex. Seeds solitary, ovate, acuminate, furnished laterally 

 by a long, somewhat terete, scolloped wing. This is a species 

 of Aquilaria according to Mr. R. Brown. 



1 O. SINE'NSE (Lour. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, wavy. ^ . G. 

 Native of China. Aquilaria Ophispermum, Poir. diet, scienc. 

 nat. 18. p. 161. A. Chinensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 356. Calyx 

 and stamens remaining with the capsule. Perigone sometimes 

 5-parted. 



China Snake-seed. Tree 60 feet. 



Cult. See end of order for culture and propagation. 



III. GYRINO'PS (from yvpoe, gyros, a circle, in allusion to 

 the tail of the seed). Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 276. t. HO. D. C. prod. 

 2. p. 60. 



LIN. SYST. ? Perigone tubular, short, toothless. Genitals un- 

 known. Seeds furnished with a spongy, corky, triquetrous, 

 awl-shaped tail, descending towards the bottom of the capsule. 



1 G. WA'LLA (Gaert. 1. c.) Jj . S. Native of Ceylon, where 

 it is called Walla. No part but the fruit of this tree is known. 



Walla Gyronops. Tree. 



Cult. The plants of this order are not worth cultivating 

 unless in botanical gardens ; the species will all grow in a mix- 

 ture of loam and peat, and cuttings will strike root in sand under 

 a hand-glass placed in heat. 



ORDER LXXIII. TEREBINTHA'CE^E. Juss. gen. 368. 

 D. C. prod. 2. p. 61. in part. Anacardiaceae, Lindl. introd. nat. 

 syst. 127. 



Flowers usually unisexual, rarely hermaphrodite. Calyx 

 small and permanent, with 5, or occasionally 3-4 or 7 divisions. 

 Petals equal in number to the divisions of the calyx, perigynous, 

 sometimes wanting, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens equal in 

 number to the segments of the calyx, perigynous, or twice that 

 number, or even more, equal or alternately shorter, some of 

 them sterile ; filaments distinct, or in genera having no calycine 

 disk, cohering at the base. Disk fleshy, annular, or cup-shaped, 

 hypogynous, occasionally wanting. Ovary simple, very rarely 

 5-6, of which 4 or 5 are abortive, superior, rarely inferior, 1- 

 celled. Styles 1-3, sometimes 4, and sometimes wanting, with 

 an equal number of stigmas. Ovum solitary, attached by a 

 cord to the bottom of the cell. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds exal- 

 buminous. Embryo either with a superior or inferior radicle, 

 but always directed towards the hilum, sometimes suddenly 

 curved back, with leafy or fleshy cotyledons. Trees or shrubs, 

 full of resinous, gummy, caustic, highly poisonous, or even 

 milky juice. Leaves alternate, simple, ternate, or pinnate, 

 destitute of pellucid dots. Flowers terminal or axillary. All 

 the orders broken off from Terebinthaceae, are very nearly re- 

 lated to each other, and whatever affinity is borne by one of 

 them will be participated in by all the others, in a greater or less 

 degree. They are distinguished from Rhdmncce in their resinous 

 juice, imbricate calyx, and stamens not opposite the petals ; from 

 Celastr'mece by several of the same characters and the want of al- 

 bumen ; from Rosaccce and Lcguminosce by their dotted leaves, 

 very minute stipulas, if any, resinous juice, solitary ovum, or 

 by some one or other of these characters. Some of the trees 

 contained in this order are celebrated for yielding a clammy juice, 

 which is at first white and afterwards becomes black, and is used 

 for varnishing in India. 



The varnish from Silhet is chiefly procured from Semecarpus, 

 one kind from Anacardium. All these varnishes are dangerous, 

 they inflame the skin and produce painful swellings. A valu- 

 able black lac or varnish is obtained from Stagmaria vernl- 

 ciflua (edin. phil. journ. 6. p. 400.). A black varnish, well 

 known in India, is manufactured from the nuts of Semecurpus 

 and the berries of Holigarnia longifolia, and from the trunk of 

 Melanorrhcea. The leaves of some species of Schim/s are so 

 filled with resinous fluid, that the least degree of unusual reple- 

 tion of the tissue, causes it to be discharged ; thus some of them 

 fill the air with their fragrance after rain, and S. molle and some 

 others expel their resin with much violence when immersed in 

 water, so as to have the appearance of spontaneous motion, in 

 consequence of recoil. Schlnus arroeira is said by St. Hilaire 

 to cause swellings on those who sleep under its shade. The 

 fresh juicy bark of the Arruetra shrub, S. molle, is used in Brazil 



