64 



TEREBINTHACE^E. V. MANGIFERA. VI. BUCHANANIA. 



V. MANGI'FERA (from Mango, the name of the fruit, and 

 fero, to bear). Lin. gen. no. 278. Gaert. fruct. 2. t. 100. Kunth. 

 gen. tereb. p. 3. D. C. prod. 2. p. 63. 



LIN. SYST. Poiygamia, Moncfcia. Flowers polygamous. Ca- 

 lyx 5-parted, deciduous. Petals 4-5. Stamens 5, 4 of these 

 are usually barren. Style 1. Drupe baccate, somewhat com- 

 pressed (f. 13. b.), containing a woody fibrous nut (f. 13. c.). 

 Seed ovate-oblong. Embryo erect, with fleshy cotyledons, and 

 a short radicle. Indian trees, with long, entire, feather-nerved 

 leaves, and terminal panicles of flowers. Fruit eatable. 



1 M. I'NDICA (Lin. spec. 290.) FIG. 13. 

 leaves oblong-lanceolate, stalked ; 



panicle terminal, erect ; petals 

 spreading at the apex; 1 stamen 

 fertile, the rest abortive ; drupe 

 somewhat kidney-shaped, smooth. 

 Jj . S. Native of the East Indies, 

 but now cultivated in every part 

 of the world within the tropics. 

 Lam. ill. t. 138. Rheed. mal. 4. 

 t. 1 and2.M. A'mba, Forsk. descr. 



205. M. domestica, Gcert. 1. c 



Humph, amb. 1. p. 93. t. 95. The 

 Mango tree is tall, with a spread- 

 ing top, and when in flower not 

 unlike sweet-cliesnnt. The wood 

 is a little brown, and used only for 

 indifferent works. The leaves are 



7 or 8 incl'.es long, and 2 or more broad, of a fine strong green, 

 and grow in bunches at the extremity of the branches. The 

 flowers are whitish, streaked with yellow ; these are disposed in 

 loose terminal bunches or panicles. The fruit when fully ripe 

 is yellow and reddish, or speckled with black, replete with a 

 fine agreeable juice ; some are full of fibres, and the juice runs 

 out of these on cutting, or with a little handling ; but those which 

 have few or no fibres are much the finest ; they cut like an 

 apple, but are more juicy, and some are said to be as large as a 

 man's fist, but the most common are about the size and appear- 

 ance of a small golden pippin apple. It is esteemed a very 

 wholesome fruit, and is considered the finest tropical fruit, with 

 the exception of mangostan, and some of the finest pine apples. 

 In India jellies, preserves, tarts, &c. are made from the unripe 

 fruit. Gentlemen within the tropics eat hardly any other fruit 

 in the hot months, but if no wine be drank with it, the Mango is 

 apt to throw out boils, at least with new comers, which are, how- 

 ever, conducive to health. In Europe we have only the unripe 

 fruit brought over in pickle. There are numerous varieties of 

 the Mango, chiefly differing in the size, colour, flavour, and 

 figure of the fruit, as apples and pears do in Europe. Retsius 

 says, there are numerous species, the number of stamens being 

 double in some, the racemes in others compound ; the fruit kid- 

 ney-shaped, globular, fleshy or almost juiceless. The fruit of 

 the finest Mangos have a rich sweet-perfumed flavour, accom- 

 panied by a grateful acidity. 



Indian or Common Mango. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1690. Tr. 50 ft. 



2 M. MACROCA'RPA (Blum, bijdr. 1158.) leaves scattered on 

 long stalks, elongated, linear-lanceolate ; fruit large. Jj . S. 

 Native of Java. 



Long-fruited Mango-tree. Tree 60 feet. 



3 M. FOS'TIDA (Lour. fl. cochin. 160.) leaves cuneated, lan- 

 ceolate, acute, stiff, on short stalks ; panicles of flowers erect, 

 terminal, spreading ; corolla funnel-shaped, with the segments at 

 length, reflexed; drupe heart-shaped, downy. Jj . S. Native 

 of Cochin-china, Java, and the Moluccas. Rumph. amb. 1. t. 

 28. Leaves about the size of those of the common mango, on 

 long petioles, and scattered. Flowers red, disposed in terminal 



panicles, usually monandrous. The fruit is fleshy, strong-scented, 

 of an acid flavour, and unwholesome, but is eaten by the Malays. 

 The wood, though not very good, is used for floors, and lasts 

 very well if it be soaked a considerable time in water. 

 Fetid Mango. Clt. 1824. Tree 50 feet. 



4 M. GKAB'CA (Blum, bijdr. 1158.) leaves on short petioles, 

 scattered, large, elliptic-oblong, tapering to both ends, glauces- 

 cent beneath ; panicle terminal, divaricated, shorter than the 

 leaves. ^7,8. Native of the Moluccas, where it is called 

 Manga titan. 



Glaucous Mango. Fl. July. Tree 50 feet. 



5 M. LAXIFLORA (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 97.) leaves broad- 

 lanceolate, sessile ; panicles loose, pendulous ; flowers pentan- 

 drous ; drupe roundish. Jj . S. Native of the Mauritius. 

 This is probably referable to M. pentiindra of Lour. Flowers 

 white. Fruit eatable ? 



Lax-jlon'ered Mango. Tree 40 feet. 



6 M. OPPOSITIFOLIA (Roxb. hort. beng. 18.) leaves opposite, 

 stalked, lanceolate, tapering to both ends ; panicles axillary and 

 terminal, shorter than the leaves ; stamens 4-5, fertile ; drupe 

 smooth, compressed. Jj . S. Native of Pegu and Java, where 

 it is called Gandaria, and Merlam at Rangoon. Flowers pale- 

 yellow. Drupe pale-yellow, the size of a small pullet's egg, and 

 is universally eaten in Burma. 



Opposite-leaved Mango. Tree 30 feet. 



7 M. SYLVA'TICA (Roxb. 1. c. fl. ind. 2. p. 438.) leaves alter- 

 nate, lanceolate, glossy; panicles terminal ; flowers monandrous; 

 drupe smooth, obliquely-conical, with the paint turned to one 

 side. \^ . S. Native of Silhet, in the East Indies.- Lukshmee 

 is the vernacular name of this tree in Silhet. The fruit is like 

 that of the common mango, and yellow ; and is eaten by the 

 natives, though by no means so palatable as the worst kind of 

 the common mango. It is also dried by the natives and kept for 

 medicinal purposes. 



Wood Mango. Tree. 



8 M. QUADRI'FIDA (Jack. mss. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 440.) leaves 

 alternate, lanceolate, tapering to the base ; panicles loose, axil- 

 lary ; flowers quadrifid, monandrous ; petals 4, glandular in the 

 middle. ^ . S. Native of Sumatra, &c. Flowers small, white. 

 Nectary of 4 round fleshy lobes. Fruit roundish, becoming 

 very dark. 



Quadr/JId-fiowered Mango. Tree 60 feet. 



9 M. CJE'SIA (Jack, mss. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 441.) leaves alter- 

 nate, stiff, broad-lanceolate, tapering to the base ; panicle ter- 

 minal, erect, tomentose, glaucous ; flowers monandrous ; petals 

 erect; fruit oblong. Ij . S. Native of Sumatra. Corolla pur- 

 ple within, but paler without. Fruit oblong-ovate, of a pale-red 

 colour. 



Grey Mango. Tree 60 feet. 



Cult. This is a fine genus of tropical fruit trees. Sandy 

 loam, or a mixture of loam and peat, is the best soil for them. 

 Fresh seed brought from the places of their natural growth 

 will vegetate freely. The species may also be increased by ri- 

 pened cuttings. In tropical countries, the best varieties are pre- 

 served by grafting, as apples are with us. 



VI. BUCHANA'NIA (in honour of Francis Hamilton, M.D. 

 formerly Buchanan, of Leny in Scotland, an excellent botanist, 

 and great traveller in the East ; formerly superintendent of the 

 botanical garden at Calcutta). Roxb. hort. beng. p. 32. D. C. 

 prod. 2. p. 63. Launzan, Buch. in asiat. res. 5. p. 123. 

 Buchanania and Cambessedea, Kunth. gen. tereb. p. 4 and 6. 



LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentrigynia. Flowers hermaphrodite. 

 Calyx 5-cleft, rarely 3-4-cleft, obtuse. Petals 5, inserted under 

 the disk, oblong, revolute, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 10, 

 shorter than the petals. Disk furnished with 10 crenatures, 



