TEREBINTHACEJE. VI. BUCHANAMA. VII. CONIOGETOX. VIII. PISTACIA. 



65 



involving the ovary. Ovaries 5, concrete, or approximate, 4 

 of which are abortive, reduced to the styles. Styles therefore 5, 

 and ovary single, almost covered by the disk. Drupe obovate, 

 rather fleshy, 1-seeded. Seed recurved, resting on a funicle, 

 which rises from the bottom of the cell. Indian trees, with 

 simple, quite entire, coriaceous, smooth, feather-nerved leaves, 

 and axillary panicles of flowers, crowded at the tops of the 

 branches. Flowers small, white. Fruit red. Nut oily. In the 

 leaves this genus appears to be allied to Afangifera, but in 

 the fruit it is more nearly allied to Spondiat. 



1 B. LATIFOLIA (Roxb. hort. beng. 32.) branches of panicle 

 hairy, crowded with flowers, assuming the appearance of a corymb 

 at the tops of the branches. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. 

 Leaves 6 inches long, and 3 broad, blunt at both ends. Fruit 

 eatable ? 



Broad-leaved Buchanania. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet. 



2 B. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Roxb. liort. beng. 32.) branches of pani- 

 cle smooth, rather loose, axillary. Tj . S. Native of the East 

 Indies, particularly in Mysore. Mangifera axillaris, Lam. diet. 

 3. p. 697. Spondias simplicifolia, Rottl. in Willd. nov. act. nat. 

 cur. ber. 4. p. 87. Lundia mangiferoides, Puer. herb. Cambes- 

 sedea, Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 4. Leaves oval-oblong, 3-4 inches 

 long, IT broad, blunt or emarginate at the apex. Fruit the size 

 of a large cherry, and perhaps eatable. 



Narrow-leaved Buchanania. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 feet. 



3 B. LANCE^EFOLIA (Roxb. 1. c.) Jj . S. Native of Chitta- 

 gong, in the East Indies. This species is only known by name. 



Lance-leaved Buchanania. Tree. 



Cult. A light loamy soil is the best for these trees, and 

 ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in 

 heat. 



VII. CONIOGETON (meaning unknown). Blum, bijdr. 

 1156. 



LIN. SVST. Decdndria, Tetra-Pentagynia. Calyx inferior, 5- 

 parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10, equal. Ovaries 4-5, 1-styled, 

 1-ovulate, girded by a denticulated urceolus. Stigmas obtuse. 

 Drupe solitary, baccate, containing a 1-seeded lenticular nut. 

 A tree, with alternate, simple, cuneate-oblong, obtuse, quite 

 entire, smooth leaves ; flowers in terminal panicles. 



1 C. ARBORE'SCEXS (Blum, bijdr. 1156.) f? . S. Native of 

 Java. 



Arborescent Coniogeton. Tree 30 feet. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Buchanania. 



VIII. PISTA'CIA (TtLaruKia. is altered from the Arabic word 

 foiistaq, the name of P. vera). Lin. gen. no. 1108. Lam. ill. t. 

 811. Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 7. D. C. prod. 2. p. 64. Terebin- 

 thus, Juss. gen. 371. 



LIN. SYST. Dice'cia, Pentandria. Flowers dioecious, apetalous. 

 Male ones disposed in amentaceous scaly racemes, with a flower 

 to each scale. Calyx 5-cleff. Stamens 5 ; anthers almost ses- 

 sile-, tetragonal. Female flowers disposed in more loose racemes, 

 with a 3-4-cleft calyx. Ovary 1-3-celled. Stigmas 3, thickish. 

 Drupe dry, ovate, containing a somewhat bony nut, usually 1- 

 eelled, and 1-seeded, sometimes bearing laterally 2, abortive 

 cells. Seeds solitary in the cells, fixed to the bottom of the 

 cells, without albumen. Cotyledons thick, fleshy, oily, with a 

 superior lateral radicle. Trees with pinnate leaves. 



1. Leaves impari-pinnate, deciduous. Terebinthus, Tourn. 

 inst. t. 345. 



1 P. VE'RA (Lin. spec. 1454.) leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate, 

 tapering a little to the base, rather mucronate at the apex ; fruit 

 ovate, pointed. Tj . H. Native of Syria, from whence it has been 



VOL. II. 



introduced to Italy by the emperor Vitellius, when lie was legate 

 in that province. It is now to be found throughout the whole region 

 of the Mediterranean. Pistacia officinarum, Hort. kew. Black, 

 icon. t. 461. Duh. ed. nov. 4. 1. 17. Flowers small, brownish, green. 

 Fruit panicled, about an inch long, ovate, with an oblique point, 

 reddish, well known for the sake of its nut at our tables. The 

 green internal hue of the kernel is remarkable. The Pistachia 

 or Pistach nut is brought from several parts of Asia, chiefly from 

 Aleppo and Persia. When wrapped in all its coats, it is the 

 size of a green almond, but when stript of all but its shell it 

 resembles a small nut. The kernel is red without, and green 

 within, and its taste very agreeable. Pistachias have been 

 reckoned aperitive, and proper to give vigour, and used in emul- 

 sions, &c. in phthisical and nephritical cases. They also enter 

 into several ragouts, and are comfited, made into conserves, &c. 

 The fruit is rarely eaten raw, because of the ill effects it pro- 

 duces. There is a kind of false Pistachia nut brought from the 

 West Indies, which is sometimes confounded with the real one. 

 True Pistachia-nut-tree. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1770. Tree 20 ft. 



2 P. RETICULA'TA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 751.) leaves ternate and 

 pinnate, with roundish, abrupt, somewhat pointed leaflets, which 

 taper to the base, and are strongly reticulated with prominent 

 veins ; fruit roundish-oval, obtuse. J? . H. Native of Sicily 

 and Syria. P. trifolia, Lin. spec. 1454. P. Narbonensis, Lin. 

 spec. 1454. Bocc. mus. 2. t. 93. Leaflets usually 5, rarely 3, 

 when young downy at the margin. The fruit of this species is as 

 good as the true Pistachia-nut. 



Reticulated-]eaved Pistachia-nut. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1752. 

 Tree 20 feet. 



3 P. TEREBI'NTIIUS (Lin. spec. 1455.) leaflets usually numer- 

 ous, ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, acute, and mucro- 

 nate at the apex. Tj . H. Native of the south of Europe, and 

 north of Africa. Woodv. med. hot. 415. t. 153. Blackw. t. 

 478. Duh. arb. ed. 1. vol. 2. t. 87. P. vulgaris, Tourn. inst. 

 579. There is a fine female tree of this species in Chelsea gar- 

 den, near the gate, which for want of male blossoms can never 

 perfect its fruit. Leaves with 3 to 6 pair of leaflets, with an odd 

 one. Their red hue when young is beautiful. Flowers in large 

 compound panicles. Anthers dull-yellow. Stigmas crimson. 

 Fruit hardly bigger than a large pea. Galls of the same shape 

 are found on the leaves, and very large oblong ones like legumes 

 are often produced from the young branches. The resin of this 

 tree is the Chian or Cyprus-turpentine, generally preferred for 

 medical use to what is obtained from the fir tribe, but it is 

 scarcely to be had without adulteration. This resin is obtained 

 by wounding the bark of the trunk in several places, during the 

 month of July, leaving a space of about 3 inches between the 

 wounds ; from these the turpentine is received on stones, upon 

 which it becomes so much condensed by the coldness of the 

 night, as to admit of being scraped off with a knife, which is 

 always done before sunrise ; in order to free it from all extra- 

 neous admixture it is again liquified by the sun's heat, and 

 passed through a strainer ; it is then fit for use. The quantity 

 produced is very inconsiderable, 4 large trees, 60 years old, 

 only yielding 2 pounds 9 ounces and 6 drachms, but in the 

 eastern part of Cyprus and Chio the trees afford somewhat more, 

 though still so little as to render it very costly, and on this 

 account it is commonly adulterated, especially with other tur- 

 pentines. The best Chio turpentine is usually about the con- 

 sistence of thick honey, very tenacious, clear, and almost trans- 

 parent, white, inclining to yellow, and of a fragrant smell, mode- 

 rately warm to the taste, but free from acrimony and bitterness. 

 For the medicinal qualities of the turpentine, see Pinus Larix, 

 vol. iv. 



Var. ft, sphcerocdrpa (D. C. prod. 2. p. 64.) fruit larger, and 

 rounder than in the species. J. Bauh. hist. 1. p. 278. with a 

 K 



