BURSERIACE^E. VIII. CANARIUM. IX. HEDVIGIA. 



8.3 



tube at the base. T? . S. Native of the East Indies, and the 

 Moluccas, where it is also cultivated for the sake of its fruit. 

 C. vulgare, Humph, amb. 2. t. 47. C. Mehenbethene, G;ert. 

 fruct. 2. p. 102. Keen. ann. bot. 1. p. 260. t. 7. f. 2. Flowers 

 white. Fruit ovate, with a thin olive skin. When the nuts are 

 mature, they contain a sweet kernel, which does not become ran- 

 cid, and which resembles a sweet ehesnut ; they are eaten both raw 

 and dressed by the inhabitants of the Moluccas, Banda, and New 

 Guinea ; and an oil is expressed from them, which is used at the 

 table when fresh, and for lamps when stale ; bread is also made 

 from them, cakes, biscuits, &c. for the table. Eaten fresh, they 

 are apt to bring on diarrhoeas and dysenteries, and to occasion 

 an oppression of the breast. 



I'ur. ft, Zephijrhmm (D. C. prod. 2. p. 79.) leaflets 13. 

 Rumph. amb. 2. t. 48. 



Common Canarium. Tree 50 feet. 



2 C. SYLVE'STRE (Gacrt. fruct. 2. p. 99. t. 102.) leaflets 3-5, 

 oblong, tapering to both ends, quite entire ; flowers racemose, 

 terminal. (? . S. Native of Amboyna, on the mountains. 

 Rumph. amb. 2. t. 49. Flowers white. Fruit obovate, rounded, 

 not 3-cornered. The kernels of the nuts are eatable, and it is 

 difficult to get them out of the shell, on account of their brittle- 

 ness and singular form. 



Jf'i/d Canarium, Tree 50 feet. 



3 C. MICROCA'RPUM (Willd. spec. 4. p. 760.) leaflets 5-9, 

 ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth, quite entire ; racemes 

 axillary, elongated, many-flowered ; fruit drooping. fy . S. Na- 

 tive of the Molucca Islands and Cochin-china. Rumph. amb. 2. 

 t. 54. Amyris oleosa, Lam. diet. 1. p. 362. Pimela oleosa, Lour, 

 coch. 408. Flowers white. Drupe small, oval, of a blueish-black 

 colour, not eatable. By incisions made in the trunk of the tree, a 

 viscid, odorous, yellowish oil flows out, very like Capaiva, which 

 is mixed with the Chinese varnish; used medicinally it is vul- 

 nerary and resolvent. It is frequently used in the naval yards, 

 and is commonly called Damar ; it is mixed with a little chalk, 

 and used with oakum made of the bark of reeds to fill up the 

 seams in ships and boats, and becomes as hard as a piece of stone. 



Small-fruited Canarium. Tree 50 feet. 



SECT. II. PIME'LA (from irine\r),pimele, fat ; the trees yield a 

 very fat oil and resin). D. C. prod. 2. p. 80. Drupe when 

 mature containing a 3-celled nut. 



4 C. DECUMA'NUM (Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 99. t. 102.) leaflets 9- 

 11, elliptical, quite entire, acute; racemes few-flowered, axil- 

 lary ; drupe containing a 3-celled putamen. fj . S. Native of 

 the Molucca Islands. Rumph. amb. 2. t. 55. Flowers white. 

 Fruit larger than the others ; shell of nut 3-cornered. 



Huge Canarium. Tree 80 feet. 



5 C. PIME'LA (Keen. ann. bot. 1. p. 361. t. 7. f. 1.) leaflets 9- 

 11, oblong, acuminated, quite entire, somewhat unequal, smooth ; 

 stipulas wanting ; racemes lateral, aggregate ; flowers fascicled, 

 naked ; stamens connate into a membranous tube ; drupe con- 

 taining a somewhat 2-celled nut. Jj . G. Native of Cochin- 

 china, China, and Java, in woods. Pimela n:gra, Lour. fl. cochin. 

 407. Flowers white. Fruit black, sometimes pickled, and 

 has somewhat the taste of an olive, but is heavy on the stomach. 



Fat Canarium. Tree 50 feet. 



C C. A'LBUM (Rasusch. nom. D. C. prod. 2. p. 80.) leaflets 

 11-13, scabrous, ovate-lanceolate; racemes crowded, almost ter- 

 minal ; drupe containing a 3 celled nut. Jj S. Native of 

 China and Cochin-china, in woods. C. Sinense, Rumph. amb. 

 2. p. 154. Pimela <ilba, Lour, cochin. 408. Flowers white. 

 Fruit greenish-yellow ; it is pickled and used like olives, and is 

 similar both in taste and form, and is reckoned very wholesome, 

 and considered good for digestion and provoking the appetite. 

 Leaflets half a foot long. 



/r/Hfc-fruited Canarium. Tree 40 feet. 



7 C. DENTICULA'TUM (Blum, bijdr. 1162.) leaflets elliptic-ob- 

 long, acuminated, obsoletely denticulated above, smoothish ; sti- 

 pulas stem-clasping, jagged ; panicle subterminal ; flowers glo- 

 merate, sessile, bibracteolate ; stamens connate into a membra- 

 nous tube at the base. Jj . S. Native of Java, in woods, on 

 the mountains of Salak, Parang, &c. where it is called Klpella. 



Denticulated-leafietted Canarium. Tree. 



8 C. III'SPIDUM (Blum, bijdr. 1163.) leaflets oblong, acumi- 

 nated, subcordate at the base, unequal-sided, qviite entire, hispid 

 beneath, as well as the fruit ; stipulas petiolar, small ; racemes 

 subterminal, aggregate ; flowers fascicled, naked ; stamens seated 

 on the margin of a villous disk. Jj . S. Native of Java, on 

 mountains about Bantam, where it is called Surlun. 



Var. ft, scabrum (Blum, bijdr. 1163.) leaves larger, scabrous 

 beneath ; racemes compound. Tj . S. Native of Java, on the 

 mountains of Salak. 



Hispid Canarium. Tree. 



9 C. ALTI'SSIMUM (Blum, bijdr. 1163.) leaflets oblong, cuspi- 

 date, subcordate at the base, quite entire, rather pilose on botli 

 surfaces, ciliated ; stipulas petiolar, small, subulate ; racemes 

 axillary, simple ; fruit hispid ; stamens seated on the margin of 

 a villons disk. Tj . S. Native of Java, on the mountains about 

 Parang, where it is called Kiharpan. 



Vcry-lall Canarium. Fl. Jan. Tree 70 feet. 



10 C. LITTORA'LE (Blum, bijdr. 1164.) leaflets elliptic-oblong, 

 acuminated, denticulated, tomentose on the veins beneath ; sti- 

 pulas none ; panicle terminal, effuse ; flowers densely glomerate, 

 bracteate ; stamens seated on the margin of a villous disk. I? . 

 S. Native of the Islands of Nusa and Kambanga on the sea shore. 



Shore Canarium. Fl. Nov. Tree 50 feet. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Bosncllia, p. 81. 



IX. HEDWI'GIA (in honour of John Hedwig, the celebrated 

 muscologist; died 1799.) Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 670. t. 13. 

 Kunth. gen. tereb. p. 21. D.C. prod. 2. p. 80. but not of Hedw. 

 Tetragastris, Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 130. t. 109. 



LIN. SYST. Octandria, Monogynia. Flowers polygamous or 

 hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-toothed, permanent. Petals 4-5, val- 

 vate in aestivation, connected together to the middle into a 4-5- 

 cleft corolla. Stamens 8-10, adnate to the base of the co- 

 rolla. Disk cup-shaped, 8-lobed. Ovary 4-celled, 8-10-furrowed. 

 Style wanting. Stigma 4-furrowed, blunt. Berry 4-furrowed, 4- 

 lobed at the bottom, containing 4 1-celled nuts (or from abortion 

 only 2-3), with a thin coriaceous flesh. Seed pendulous, desti- 

 tute of albumen. Cotyledons thick, fleshy, plano-convex. Ra- 

 dicle retracted, superior. Balsamiferous West Indian trees, 

 with impari-pinnate leaves, and stalked, coriaceous, quite entire 

 leaflets. Flowers in panicled racemes. 



1 H. BALSAMI'FERA (Swartz. 1. c.) flowers 4-cleft, octandrous, 

 with no glands between the stamens. T? . S. Native of St. 

 Domingo, in woods, on the mountains. Tetragastris O'ssea, 

 Gaert. fruct. 1. c. Bursera balsamifera, Pers. ench. 1. p. 413. 

 Bois cochon, Nich. hist. 169. Flowers small, whitish. This 

 tree is called in its native country Bois de Cochon or Wild-loar's- 

 tree, because those animals are, when wounded, reported to strip 

 off its bark and heal their wounds with the gum which exudes 

 from it. This exudation is, according to Sloane, of a balsamic 

 nature, very like balsam of Capaiva, both in scent and virtues. 

 It is given in complaints of the chest or lungs, and is copiously 

 procured by wounding the trunk of the tree. 



Balsam-bearing Hedwigia. Tree 60 feet. 



2 H. MEXICA'NA(D. C. prod. 2. p. 80.) flowers 5-cleft, de- 

 candrous, with roundish glands between the stamens. T? . S. 

 Native of Mexico. Knorrea Mexicana, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. 

 icon. ined. Flowers white. Fruit 4-seeded. 



