BURSERIACE^E. XII. ELAPHRIUM. XIII. FAOARASTHUM. AMYRIDE^E. I. AMYRIS. 



87 



on exposure to the air, which is generally used to erase cicatrices 

 occasioned by ulcers or wounds. The wood and bark have a 

 strong grateful scent. 

 Jaeaum's Elaphrium. Tree 40 feet. 



8 E. EXCK'LSUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 30. 

 t. Oil.) branches terete, tomentose above ; leaflets 5-9, obtuse, 

 coarsely crenated, rugose, soft, pubescent above and rusty be- 

 neath, terminal one ovate-elliptic, lateral ones subelliptic, nearly 

 equal at the base ; rachis winged ; wings crenate. Tj . S. Na- 

 tive of Mexico, between Acapulco and La Venta del Exido. 

 E. copalliferum, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. D. C. prod. ]. 

 p. 724. Amyris copallifera, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 219. A fragrant 

 resin flows spontaneously from this tree, which is called gum- 

 copal in Mexico. 



Tall Elaphrium or Mexican Copal. Tree 50 feet. 



9 E. AKIE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 31.) 

 branches angularly furrowed, villous ; leaflets 5-7 pairs, oblong, 

 somewhat acuminated, crenate-serrated, hairy above, and co- 

 vered with canescent hairs beneath ; rachis somewhat winged 



Tj . S. Native of Mexico, between Pazcuaro and Mount Jo- 

 rullo, near Ario. 



Aria Elaphrium. Tree 30 feet. 



10 E. GKAVE'OLENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 

 31.) leaflets 7, oblong, acuminated, coarsely serrate-crenate, 

 smooth ; rachis winged at the top ; wings entire. T? . S. Na- 

 tive of South America, on the banks of the river Magdalena, 

 where it is called Cupa o Carani. Amyris graveolens, Spreng. 

 syst. append. 148. 



Strong-scented Elaphrium. Tree 40 feet. 



11 E. LANUGINOSUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 

 31.) branches terete, rather flexuous, finely tomentose ; branch- 

 lets woolly; leaflets 9-13, oblong, crenated, younger ones vil- 

 lously-tomentose above, and white and woolly beneath. J? . S. 

 Native of New Spain. 



H'oolly Elaphrium. Tree 40 feet. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Boswellia, p. 81. 



XIII. FAGARA'STRUM (from Fagara and astrum, an 

 affixed signification, like ; resembling Fagara). 



LIN. SYST. Hexa-Octandria, Monogynla. Flowers herma- 

 phrodite. Calyx 3-4-parted, short. Petals 3-4. Stamens 6-8, 

 alternate ones shortest ; filaments thickened above the base. 

 Anthers large. Ovary simple, tapering to the base into a stipe, 

 which bears the petals and stamens at its base, tubercled, 3-4- 

 lobed at the apex, 3-4-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Ovula sus- 

 pended from the inner angle. Style prismatic, 3-4-angled, 

 thick, smooth, 3-4-lobed at the apex. Fruit? Shrubs, with 

 alternate, pinnate leaves, and alternate, oblique leaflets, full of 

 pellucid dots. Flowers disposed in axillary panicles and ra- 

 cemes, with the peduncles and pedicels bracteate at the base. 



1 F. INJEQUA'LE ; petioles puberulous ; leaflets stalked, ovate, 

 irregularly crenated, glabrous ; racemes few-flowered, much 

 shorter than the leaves ; flowers octandroiis. Tj . G. Native of 

 the Cape of Good Hope. Elaphrium inaequale, D. C. prod. 1. 

 p. 724. Burch. cat. 3082 and 3051. Amyris insequalis, 

 Spreng. syst. 2. p. 218. 



C/e^ua/-leafletted Fagarastrum. Shrub. 



2 F. CAPE'NSE ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, erect, nearly sessile, 

 crenated ; branches prickly, flexuous ; flowers octandrous. 



tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Fagara Capensis, 

 Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 516. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. 

 p. 6. Elaphrium Capense, D. C. prod. 1. p. 724. Amyris 

 Capensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 218. 

 Cape Fagarastrum. Shrub. 



3 F. THUNBE'RGII; prickly; leaflets sessile, ovate, finely 

 crenated ; petioles prickly, with a narrow margin ; flowers oc- 



1 



tandrous ? ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Fagaru 

 armata, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 141. Zanthoxylum Thunbergii, 

 B.C. prod. 1. p. 726. 



T/mnberg's Fagarastrum. Shrub. 



4 F. ANISA'TA ; leaflets 1 3, stalked, ovate-lanceolate, obso- 

 letely toothed, unequal ; panicles corymbose, axillary ; flowers 

 octandrous? Tj . G. Native of? Amyris anisata, Willd. spec. 2. 

 p. 337. 



Anise-scented Fagarastrum. Shrub. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Boswellia, p. 81 . 



ORDER LXXVI. AM YRI'DE^E (plants agreeing with Amyris 

 in important characters). R. Br. congo. 431. Kunth. in ann. 

 scienc. nat. 2. p. 353. Lindl. introd. nat. p. 364. Terebin- 

 thaceae, Tribe V. Amyrideae, B. C. prod. 2. p. 81. Terebintha- 

 ceae, part. Juss. gen. 368. 



Calyx small, regular, permanent, in 4-5 divisions. Petals 4- (f. 

 19. a.) 6, hypogynous, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens double 

 the number of the petals, also hypogynous. Ovary superior, 1- 

 cellecl, seated on a thickened disk, containing 2 pendulous ovula. 

 Stigma sessile, capitate. Fruit indehiscent, somewhat drupa- 

 ceous (f. 19. b.\ 1-seeded, glandular. Seeds without albumen 

 (f. 19. c.). Cotyledons fleshy. Radicle superior, very short. 

 Trees or shrubs, abounding in resinous juice, with opposite 

 compound leaves, full of pellucid dots, and axillary and terminal 

 panicles of flowers. Pericarp covered with granular glands, 

 filled with aromatic oil. The general structure of this order is 

 that of Terebinthacece, but the qualities more nearly resemble 

 those of Burseriaccce. In consequence of the leaves being full 

 of dots filled with resinous oil, as well as in the hypogynous in- 

 sertion of the petals and stamens, it comes nearer to Aurantiacece. 

 The order contains fragrant shrubs. Gum elemi of the Island of 

 Nevis is related to Amyris, which Br. Hamilton calls Amyris hex- 

 dndra, prod. fl. ined. 35. The gum resin called Bdellium is pro- 

 bably produced by a species of Amyris, the Niouttout of Adan- 

 son, according to Verey, hist. nat. des. med. 291. is probably 

 also a species of Amyris. The layer of the liber or inner bark 

 of a species of Amyris was found by M. Gailliaud to be used 

 by the Nubian Mahommedans as paper, on which they write 

 their legends. Belile. cart. 13. Amyris ambrosiaca ? is said to 

 be poisonous. The resin of Coumia is the produce of Amyria 

 ambrosiaca. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 



1 AMY'RIS. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4 (f. 19. a.). Sta- 

 mens 8. 



2 PACHY'LOBUS. Fruit egg-shaped, superior, 1 -celled, con- 

 taining a large embryo, with 3 -parted, fleshy, angular, twisted 

 cotyledons. 



I. AMY'RIS (from a intensive, arid /jvpov, myron, balm ; the 

 whole of the trees in this genus smell strong of balm or myrrh). 

 Lin. gen. no. 473. exclusive of some species, Kunth. gen. tereb. 

 p. 22. B. C. prod. 2. p. 81. 



LIN. SYST. Octandria, Monogijnia. Flowers hermaphrodite. 

 Calyx 4-5-toothed, permanent. Petals 4 (f. 19. a.) -6, hypo- 

 gynous, cuneate, unguiculate, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 8- 

 12, shorter than the petals. Ovary 3-4-celled; cells 2-seeded, 

 girded by a ring, seated on the thick disk-like torus. Style short, 



