LEGUMINOS^E. LXX. TKIFOLHM. 



183 



ovate-conical, pedunculate; calyxes very much nerved ; segments 

 halt' spreading, about equal in length to the corolla. Q. H. 

 Native of Europe. Flowers cream-coloured. 



Conical-headed Trefoil. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. | to 1 ft. 



41 T. KITAIBELIA'NUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 194.) 

 stems ascending, hairy ; leaflets obovate-elliptic, quite entire, 

 pilose; heads conical, terminal, sessile. 0- H. Native of 

 Hungary. T. conicum, Kit. in Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 717 

 (1813) but not of Pers. nor Lag. Flowers cream-coloured. 



Kitaibel's Trefoil. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. ^ foot. 



42 T. ELONGA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1368.) stem ascending, 

 branched ; leaflets lanceolate, einarginate, mucronate, villous ; 

 stipulas lanceolate ; heads loose, elliptic, solitary ; lower seg- 

 ment of the calyx length of wings ; corolla monopetalous ; 

 vexillum very long. y.. H. Native of Galatia. The whole 

 plant is villous. It differs from T. alpestre in the leaves being 

 smaller, in the vexillum being longer, in the stem being branched 

 and ascending, and in the villi. Flowers red. 



Elongated-headed Trefoil. PI. 1 foot. 



43 T. ALPE'STRE (Lin. spec. 1082.) stem erect, simple ; leaflets 

 lanceolate, coriaceous, ciliately-serrulated ; stipulas narrow, 

 nerved, nearly sessile, long, and linear at the apex ; heads glo- 

 bose ; calyx striated ; the segments unequal, beset with spinulous 

 warts, the lower segment shorter than the monopetalous corolla, 

 the rest very short and tooth-formed ; seeds somewhat rcniform, 

 compressed, and yellowish. !{.. H. Native of Europe, on the 

 Alps. Savi, obs. trif. p. 54. Jacq. obs. 3. p. 14. t. 64. fl. aust. 

 433. Sims, bot. mag. 2779. Root creeping. Flowers purple. 

 The plant has the leaves of T. rvbcns and the flowers of T. 

 protdue. 



Var, ft, distachyum (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 194.) heads 

 of flowers twin, approximate. Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. heft. 15. 



Var. y, lanigerum (Ser. mss. D. C. prod. 2. p. 194.) stems 

 and petioles covered with numerous, white, soft, spreading pili. 

 Native on Mount Pennino. 



Far. c, rubellum (Besser, in litt.) flowers rose-coloured. Na- 

 tive of Lithuania. 



Alp Trefoil. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789. PI. | to 1 foot. 



44 T. ME'DIUM (Lin. faun. suec. ed. 2. p. 558.) smoothish ; 

 stem erectish, flexuous, branched ; leaflets oblong, coriaceous, 

 ciliated, many-nerved, glaucous beneath ; stipulas tapering, con- 

 verging ; heads subglobose, pedunculate, rather loose ; calycine 

 segments unequal, rather pilose, the uppermost ones rather the 

 shortest, all shorter than the monopetalous corolla ; seeds irre- 

 gularly cordate : radicle very prominent. I/ . H. Native of 

 Europe, in elevated pastures ; plentiful in some parts of Britain. 

 Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 15. Smith, engl. bot. 190. T. flexuo- 

 sum, Jacq. fl. austr. t. 386. Mart. fl. rust. 13. T. affine, Lejeune, 

 ex herb. D. C. T. alpestre, Crantz. aust. 407. Fl. dan. 662. 

 Root creeping. Flowers purple. It differs from T. pratense in 

 the looser heads of flowers, flexuous stems, and creeping woody 

 roots. This species goes under the names of Cow-grass, Mea- 

 dow-clover, and Marl-grass. It is sometimes cultivated as an 

 agricultural plant in England and some other parts of Europe. 

 The best properties of the present kind of clover seem to be 

 its power of resisting drought, and its thriving on cold tenacious 

 soils. Yet Mr. Sinclair reports it to be preferable to T. pra- 

 tense or red clover for permanent pasture on light soils. Its 

 produce of nutritious matter, however, is said to be but half as 

 much as that of T. pratense. 



Meadow Trefoil. FJ. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 



45 T. EXFA'NSUM (Kit. in litt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 195.) pilose ; 

 stem erect ; leaflets lanceolate ; stipulas narrow, nerved, elon- 

 gated, and ascending at the apex ; heads ovate, obtuse, sessile ; 

 calycine segments pilose, flexible, unequal, tetragonal, shorter 

 than the corolla. %. H. Native of? Perhaps it is a variety 



of T. pratense, but the stipulas are longer, and the leaflets arc 

 narrower. Flowers purple. 



Expanded Trefoil. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 



46 T. BRACTEA'TUM (Schousb. in Willd. cnuni. p. 792.) stem 

 branched ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, obsoletely denticulated ; sti- 

 pulas awned ; heads of flowers ovate-conical, dense, solitary, 

 sessile ; corolla monopetalous, about equal in length to the caly- 

 cine segments. . ? O- ? H. Native of Morocco. Perhaps 



Flowers purple. 

 Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. PI. 



FIG. 32. 



only a variety of T. pratense. 

 Bracteate -flowered Trefoil. 

 1 to U foot. 



47 T. PRATE'NSE (Lin. spec. 

 1082.) stems ascending; leaflets 

 elliptic, more or less acute, entire ; 

 stipulas broad, nerved, glabrous, 

 each ending in a short bristle 

 point, inflexed ; heads ovate, dense, 

 obtuse, nearly sessile ; calycine 

 segments pilose, flexible, unequal, 

 the lowest one longest, the rest 

 equal ; corolla gamopetalous ; seeds 

 reniform, compressed, yellowish. 

 If.. H. Native of Europe, fre- 

 quent on the Alps and in meadows ; 

 plentiful in some parts of Britain. 

 Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. heft. 5. 

 Savi, obs. trif. p. 48. Smith, engl. 

 bot. 1770. Mart. fl. rust. t. 3. 

 Leaflets dark -green, usually with a white subsagittate mark in 

 the centre. Flowers purple, rarely white. 



The red or broad clover is the kind most generally cultivated 

 on land that carries white and green crops alternately, as it yields 

 the largest crop of all the other sorts. 



The soil best adapted for clover is deep sandy loam, which i* 

 favourable to its long tap roots, but it will grow in any soil, 

 provided it be dry. Marl, lime, or chalk, is very congenial to 

 clover. 



The climate most congenial to clover is one neither very hot 

 nor very dry and cold. Clover will be found to produce most 

 seed in a dry soil and warm temperature, but as the production 

 of seed is only in some situations an object of the farmer's atten- 

 tion, a season rather moist, provided it be warm, is always at- 

 tended by the most bulky crop of clover herbage. 



The culture which clover receives is ordinary farm culture, 

 and that destined also for another crop. 



The time of sowing clover-seed is generally in spring, during 

 the corn seed time, or from February to May ; but it may also 

 be sown from August to October, and when it is sown by itself, 

 unaccompanied by any other crop, this will be found the best 

 season, as the young plants are less liable to be dried up, and 

 impeded in their progress by the sun, than when sown alone in 

 spring and remaining unshaded during the dry and hot weather 

 of summer ; but clover-seed is usually mixed with a certain por- 

 tion of rye-grass seed, and sown along with or among other 

 crops, especially with spring-sown wheat, barley, and the early 

 varieties of oats. Unless, however, the soils on which these 

 crops are sown are well pulverized, and have been some years 

 under tillage, clover will not succeed in them ; it being ascer- 

 tained that newly broken-up pasture grounds cannot be sown 

 down to clover and grasses till the soil is thoroughly pulverized, 

 and the roots of the former grasses and herbage plants com- 

 pletely destroyed. 



Some prepare clover-seed for sowing by steeping it in water or 

 in oil, as in Switzerland, and then mixing it with powdered gyp- 

 sum, as a preventive to the attacks of insects. 



The manner of sowing clover is always broad-cast. When 



