LEGUMINOSyE. LXX. TRIFOLIUM. 



185 



sheep in spring, and with this food they will soon be ready for 

 the butcher. Afterwards a crop of hay may be got, and in two 

 or three weeks after the hay has been taken off, sheep intended 

 to be fattened on turnips may be turned in, and kept there until 

 the turnips are ready for them. 



The nutrilire products of red clover, according to Sir Hum- 

 phrey Davy (the quantity analysed 1 (100 parts) are as follows : 

 the whole quantity of soluble or nutritive matter 39 ; mucilage 

 or starch 31 ; saccharine matter or sugar 3 ; gluten 2; extract, 

 or matter rendered insoluble durinu; evaporation, 3. 



The .<itii-i>i- of clover-seed is attended with considerable labour 

 and difficulty. Clover will not ripen its seeds if saved for that 

 purpose early in the year ; therefore it is necessary to take off 

 the first crop either by feeding or with the scythe, and to depend 

 for the seed upon those heads that are produced in the autumn. 

 Seed clover turns out to good account in those years when the 

 crops are not injured by the blight, which is often fatal to them, 

 or by the rains in the autumn, which sometimes prove their 

 destruction ; for the time of harvesting this seed falling out late, 

 when rainy weather may be expected, renders it on that account 

 very tedious. The produce in seed may generally be from 3 to 

 4 or 5 bushels per acre, when perfectly clean weighing from 2 to 

 3 cvvt. But there is great uncertainty in the produce of clover- 

 seed from the lateness of the season at which it becomes ripe ; 

 and the fertility of the soil is considerably impaired by such a 

 crop. Yet the high value of the seed is a great inducement 

 to the saving of it in favourable situations (Dickson's Prac- 

 tical Agriculture, vol. 2. p. 863). The growth of clover re- 

 served for seed should be the second crop, and it should be 

 suffered to remain until the husks become perfectly brown, 

 when it should be cut and harvested in the usual manner, leaving 

 it on the field till it is very dry and crisp, that the seeds may 

 become more fully hardened ; it may then be laid up dry, to be 

 threshed out at the farmer's convenience. Much labour and ex- 

 pense are necessary in separating the seeds from the husk, espe- 

 cially when it is effected by thrashing, which seldom costs less 

 than from 5 to 6 or 7 shillings per bushel. By the use of mills 

 the work may be done much cheaper. 



The diseases of clover are the blight or mildew, and suffoca- 

 tion or consumption from insects, slugs, and worms. It often 

 happens that clover after being repeated at short intervals on 

 the same soil either fails or does no good, whether this is owing 

 to a disease, or a defect in some peculiar substance which enters 

 into the food of the plant, docs not appear to be clearly ascer- 

 tained. A top dressing with ashes or lime is said to be un- 

 favourable to slugs ; but where vermin of this sort are very 

 numerous the most certain remedy is a naked fallow well worked 

 in the hottest months. 



far. , satlcum (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 195.) tall ; 

 leaflets ovate or lanceolate ; heads large, globose. 



far. ft, gracilesccns (Ser. 1. c.) smoothish ; stems filiform ; 

 heads small, few-flowered. T. pratense y, Ser. trif. exsic. 

 no. 19. 



far. y, pcdtinciiliitum (Ser. 1. c.) heads on long peduncles. 

 T. pratense sativum, Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 15. 



far. c, multjfidum (Ser. 1. c.) calycine segments 6-7, hispid 

 from pili. Native of Corsica. 



Field Trefoil or Red Clover. Fl. May, Sept. Britain. PI. 

 1 to 2 feet. 



48 T. VAGINA'TUM (Schleich. cat. p. 51.) plant villous ; stems 

 prostrate ; leaflets ovate, obtuse or refuse ; stipulas broad, 

 nerved; heads ovate, obtuse, nearly sessile ; segments of calyx 

 nearly equal ; corolla gamopetalous ; seed reniform. !. H. Na- 

 tive of Switzerland, on mount Grimscl, and of Vallais. Flowers 

 yellowish. 



Sheathed Trefoil. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. prostrate. 



VOL. II. 



49 T. MicRoriiY'iaun (Desv. journ. bot. 2. p. 31C.) smooth- 

 isli ; stems ascending ; leaflets ovate, obtuse or retuse, denticu- 

 lated, superior ones mucronulate ; stipulas broadish, nerved, 

 furnished at the apex with a broad, short, inflexed point ; heads 

 ovate, obtuse, sessile ; calycine segments pilose, flexible, un- 

 equal, shorter than the gamopetalous corolla. If.. H. Native 

 of Scandinavia, and about Paris, in dry groves. D. C. fl. fr. 5. 

 p. 356. Flowers purple. Perhaps only a variety of T. pratense. 



Small-learcd Trefoil. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot, 

 ascending. 



50 T. NORICVM (Wulf. in Room. arch. 3. p. 387.) villous : 

 stem declinate, simple ; leaflets oval-oblong ; stipulas smoothish, 

 rather narrow, somewhat lanceolate ; heads of flowers subglo- 

 bose, pedunculate and sessile ; calyciue segments filiform, 

 flexile, about equal in length, the lower one much shorter than 

 the carina. If. . H. Native of Carinthia. Savi, obs. trif. p. 

 61. Sturm, deutsch. fl. 1. fasc. 16. Allied to T. pratense, but 

 the calyxes are twice the length, and thicker ; and the flowers 

 are cream-coloured. 



Noric Trefoil or Clover. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. pr. 



51 T. su( CINCTVM (Visiani. ex bot. zeit. March, 1829. p. 21.) 

 plant hairy ; stems ascending ; leaflets oval, obtuse, obsoletely- 

 denticulated at the apex, vipper leaves opposite ; stipulas ovate, 

 membranous, nerved ; heads of flowers ovate, terminal, girded 

 by a 10-toothed 1 -leaved involucrum ; calyx compressed, nerved 

 at the base, having lanceolate acuminated pilose teeth, the lower 

 tooth twice the length of the others. O- H. Native of Dalmatia. 

 Flowers white. This plant is distinguished from all others of 

 the genus in the form of the involucrum. 



Girt Trefoil. Fl. May, June. PI. ascending. 



52 T. PENNSYLVA'NICUM (Willd. enum. p. 793.) stem much 

 branched, flexuous ; leaflets ovate-elliptic, obtuse, quite entire ; 

 stipulas awned ; heads ovate, cylindrical, solitary, dense ; lower 

 segment of calyx shorter than the monopetalous corolla. "If. . H. 

 Native of North America. Very like T, medium or T. pratense. 

 Flowers red. 



Pennsylvanian Trefoil or Clover. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1811. 

 PI. 1 foot. 



53 T. FIMBUIA'TUM (Lindl. bot. reg. 1070.) steins prostrate, 

 glabrous ; leaflets oval, smooth, toothed, the teeth setaceous ; 

 heads of flowers on long peduncles ; involucrum shorter than 

 the flowers, and are, as well as the stipulas, multifid ; the seg- 

 ments awned ; calyx tnrbinate, with the segments pungent, about 

 the length of the tube of the corolla; seeds round, black. I/ . H. 

 Native of North America, in the neighbourhood of the Colom- 

 bia river. Flowers purple. 



/>HiW-stipuled Trefoil. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1825. PI. 

 prostrate. 



54 T. WOHMSKIOLDI (Lehm. cat. sem. hort. hamb. 1825.) 

 heads of flowers hemispherical, solitary, terminal, girded by an 

 orbicular, jagged, awned involucrum ; wings divaricate, a little 

 shorter than the vexillum ; leaflets obovate-oblong, pectinately- 

 denticulated, mucronate; stipulas broad, fringed. O- H. Na- 

 tive of Greenland. 



Wormskiold's Trefoil. PI. reclining. 



55 T. TRIDENTA'TUM (Lindl. bot. reg. no. 1070.) stems as- 

 cending, nearly simple, glabrous ; leaflets linear, acute, toothed, 

 the teeth setaceous ; heads of flowers on long peduncles ; in- 

 volucrum fringed, awned, shorter than the flowers ; upper sti- 

 pulas pectinated ; calyx tubular, the limb dilated and coloured, 

 with the segments tridentate and awned, shorter than the corolla. 

 If. . H. Native of North America, in the neighbourhood of the 

 Colombia river. Flowers purple. 



Tridentate-se]>a\\ed Trefoil. PI. ascending. 



56 T. CYATHIFERUM (Lindl. 1. c.) stems prostrate, glabrous ; 

 leaflets obovate, denticulated, obtuse ; heads of flowers on long 



Bb 



