LEGUMINOS^E. CLXXI. PISUM. CLXXII. LATHYRUS. 



331 



such plants as are not of the right sort, which if left to mix will 

 degenerate the kind. As many rows as may be thought suffi- 

 cient to furnish the desired quantity of seed should be marked 

 out, and left till their pods turn brown and begin to split, when 

 they should immediately be gathered up with the haulm ; they 

 may then be either stacked or threshed out as soon as they are 

 dry ; but care should be taken not to let them remain too long 

 abroad after they are ripe, as wet would rot them, and heat after 

 a shower of rain making their pods burst in such a manner, that 

 the greater part of their seeds would be lost. 



The diseases of peas are few, and chiefly the worm in the pod, 

 and the fly on the leaves and flowers. They are also liable to be 

 mildewed or flighted. None of these evils, however, are very 

 common, and there is no known method of preventing them but 

 by judicious culture. 



Cultivated or Common Pea. Fl. June, Sept. PL cl. 



2 P. ELA'TIUS (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 151.) stems erect; petioles 

 terete, bearing 6 lanceolate-oblong leaflets ; stipulas rounded and 

 crenated below ; peduncles 2-flowered, longer than the leaves. 

 1.?H. Native of Iberia. Internodes naked, striated. Stipulas 

 nearly like those of P. satlvum, but the leaflets are more oblong. 

 Peduncles very long, erect. Flowers pale red, with the lamina of 

 the wings dark purple. Legume unknown. 



Taller Pea. FL June, Sept. Clt. 1820. PL cl. 



3 P. ARVE'NSE (Lin. spec. 1027.) petioles terete? bearing 2- 

 3 pairs of ovate, roundish, crenulated, mucronulate leaflets ; sti- 

 pulas ovate, semi-cordate, denticulated ; peduncles usually 1- 

 flowered, very short. O- H. Native country unknown. P. 

 sativum arvense, Poir. diet. 5. p. 456. Moris, hist. 2. p. 47. 

 sect. 2. t. 1. f. 4. Bram. icon. chin. t. 15. Called in French 

 Bisaillc and Pols de Pigeon. In English field-pea or grey-pea. 

 Flowers red, the vexillum darkest. Seeds grey. For the culture 

 and uses of Plsum arvense, see Jicld-peas, and their culture under 

 Pisum satlvum, of which all the grey varieties belong to this 

 species. 



Field Pea. Fl. June, Sept. PL cl. 



4 P. MARI'IIMUM (Lin. spec. 1027.) stem angular ; petioles 

 flattish above ; leaflets 5-8, elliptical, mucronate, smooth, alter- 

 nate ; stipulas triangular, semi-sagittate, toothed towards the 

 base ; peduncles many-flowered, length of leaves ; legumes ob- 

 long, small, obliquely-reticulated ; seeds small, 6-8, approxi- 

 mate, roundish, rather bitter. I/ . H. Native of France, Den- 

 mark, and other parts of Europe, and Kamtschatka. In Britain 

 on the stony sea beach ; on the pebbly beach between Aldburgh 

 and Orford, Suffolk ; also near Hastings, Sussex ; on the west 

 side of Dungeness near Lyd, in Kent ; on the sharp ridge run- 

 ning from Portland island to Bridport. Oed. fl. dan. 338. 

 Smith, spicel. t. 9. engl. bot. t. 1046. Moris, hist. 2. p. 47. 

 sect. 2. t. 1. f. 5. Flowers large, purple, variegated with crim- 

 son veins. The seeds are very bitter. We learn from the epis- 

 tles of Caius that the sea-pea was first observed in the year 

 1555, when in a great scarcity the poor people on the coast of 

 Suffolk, about Orford and Aldburgh, supported themselves with 

 it for some time. This legend is retailed by Stow and Camden, 

 with the addition, that they supposed it to spring up opportunely 

 in that year of dearth, from a ship-wrecked vessel loaded with 

 peas, whereas the sea-pea is a very different species from all 

 other peas. The legend of the miraculous arrival of these peas 

 in a time of scarcity is still believed among the country people. 

 Cattle are very fond of the herb. 



Var. ft, glabmm (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 368.) leaves gla- 

 brous. Native of Canada. 



Sea Pea. Fl. July. Britain. PL trailing. 



5 P. AMERICA* NUM (Mill. diet. no. 5.) stem angular, procum- 

 bent ; leaves with one pair of leaflets ; lower leaflets lanceolate, 

 acutely-toothed, upper ones sagittate. % . H. Native of South 



America, at Cape Horn. Peduncles 4-5-flowered. Flowers 

 blue. Legumes tapering, near 3 inches long. Seed about the 

 size of those of tares. Miller calls this the Cape Horn pea, 

 from its having been brought by Lord Anson's cook when he 

 passed that Cape, where this pea was a great relief to the sailors, 

 but it is not so good for eating as the worst sort cultivated in 

 England. 



American Pea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. PL proc. 



6 P. JOMA'RDI (Schranck, in flora, p. 309.) plant quite smooth 

 and glaucous ; stem angular ; petioles terete ; stipulas toothed 

 at the base, as well as the leaflets, which are ovate. O- H. 

 Native of Egypt. Flowers white. 



Jomard's Pea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL cl. 



7 P. FU'LVUM (Smith, fl. grasc. t. 688.) petioles terete ; sti- 

 pulas rounded below, and acutely-toothed ; peduncles 2-flow- 

 ered ; legumes short. O- H. Native of Asia Minor. Flowers 

 of a beautiful fulvous colour, marked with deep or almost scarlet 

 veins. Legume semi-elliptic, an inch long. Leaflets 2 or 4. 



Fulvous-fiov;ered Pea. PL cl. 



8 P. THEBA'ICUM (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 51. ex Link. enum. 

 2. p. 236.) peduncles shorter than the leaves. Q. ? H. Native 

 of Upper Egypt. 



Thebes Pea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PL cl. 



Cult. The seeds of all kinds of peas only require to be sown 

 in the open ground in spring for common purposes, and the 

 plants sticked to support them. 



CLXXII. LA'THYRUS (from XaSupoe of Theophrastus, 

 which is said to be from Xa, la, augmentative, and Soi/poe, thou- 

 ros, any thing exciting ; in reference to the qualities of the seeds). 

 Lin. gen. no. 1186. D. C. prod. 2. p. 369. Lathyrus, Clyme- 

 num, and A'phaca, Tourn. inst. p. 394. 396. t. 216, 217, 218, 

 219, and 220 Cicerella, Mcench. mefh. 163. 



LIN. SYST. Diadelphia, Decandria. Calyx campanulate, 5- 

 cleft, the 2 superior lobes shortest. Corolla papilionaceous. 

 Stamens diadelphous. Style complanate, dilated at the apex, 

 villous or pubescent in front. Legumes oblong, many-seeded, 

 2-valved, 1-celled. Seeds globose or angular. Usually climb- 

 ing herbs, with semi-sagittate stipulas, and having the petioles 

 terminating in branched tendrils, and furnished with 1 to 3 pairs 

 of leaflets. Peduncles axillary. 



SECT. I. EULA'THYRUS (from eu, well, and lathyrus ; genuine 

 species). Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 369. Vexillum tooth- 

 less at the base. Leaflets opposite or wanting from abortion. 

 Petioles furnished with a narrow wing. 



1 . Perennial plants, with many-flowered peduncles. 

 * Leaves with only one pair of leaflets. 



1 L. TOMENTOSUS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 709.) plant clothed with ru- 

 fescent tomentum ; stems tetragonal, striated ; leaves with one 

 pair of linear-lanceolate leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate, much 

 shorter than the leaves ; peduncles many-flowered, approximate, 

 longer than the leaves ; calycine teeth nearly equal, lanceolate, 

 acute, length of the tube ; legumes linear, clothed with silky 

 tomentum ; style very long, twisted at the base, linear-spatu- 

 late. It . G. Native of Buenos Ayres. Flowers large, purple ? 



Tomentose Lathyrus. PL cl. 



2 L. SERI'CEUS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 708.) plant clothed with silky 

 rufescent down ; stems tufted, simple ; leaves with one pair of 

 linear leaflets ; stipulas narrow, semi-sagittate, length of leaflets ; 

 tendrils very short; peduncles many-flowered. 1. G. Na- 

 tive of Monte Video. 



Silky Lathyrus. PL cl. 



3 L. SYLVE'STRIS (Lin. spec. 1033.) plant quite glabrous ; 

 stems winged ; leaves with one pair of lanceolate, attenuated, 

 coriaceous leaflets ; stipulas very narrow, semi-sagittate, shorter 



u u 2 



