128 



LEGUMINOSjE. CCXLIII. MORINGA. CCXLIV. GLEDITSCHIA. CCXLV. GYMNOCLADUS. 



Horse-radish-tree or Winged-seeded Moringa. Clt. 1759. 

 Tree 20 to 30 feet. 



2 M. POLYGONA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 478.) legumes many-an- 

 gled ; seeds trigonal, with the angles expanded into wings. Tj . 

 S. Native of Bengal and other places in the East Indies. 

 Anoma Moringa, Lour. 879. Hyperanthera decandra, Willd. 2. 

 p. 535. Burm. zeyl. t. 75 ? Flowers pale yellow. Perhaps only 

 a variety of the preceding species. 



Many-anglcd-fruiteA Moringa. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 



3 M. A'PTERA (Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 315.) legumes triquetrous ; 

 seeds trigonal, wingless. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, 

 Balanus myrepsica, Black, herb. t. 386. Ben album officinale. 

 Seeds snow white. Oil of ben is the produce of the seeds of this 

 tree. It is a fixed, inodorous insipid oil, and is prepared in the 

 Levant, in Egypt, Syria, and in Italy by expression. It is used 

 very largely iu perfumery, as a basis into which the art of the 

 perfumer is able to infuse the fine fragrant scent of various deli- 

 cate flowers, which do not of themselves retain a sufficient basis 

 in which to fix their scent. Thus the great proportion of the 

 oily essences of the shops is only perfumed oil of ben. 



Winglets-seeAed Moringa or Oil of ben-tree. Tree 15 to 20 ft. 



4 M. ? ARA'BICA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 460.) legume cylindrical, 

 with 6 keels, articulately thickened ; common petiole bearing 

 glands between the pinnaj. Jj . S. Native of Arabia, near 

 Beit-el-faklh. Hyperanthera semidecandra, Forsk. descript. 67. 

 Vahl. symb. 1. p. 30. Gymnocladus Arabica, Lam. diet. 1. 

 p. 733. Hyperanthera peregrina, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 3d7. 



Arabian Moringa. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 



Cult. The species of Moringa thrive well in light loamy soil, 

 and cuttings strike root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, in 

 heat. 



CCXLIV. GLEDI'TSCHIA (in honour of Gottlieb Gleditsch, 

 of Leipsic, once a professor at Berlin, and defender of Linnaeus 

 against Siegesbeck ; author of Methodus Fungorum, 1753; 

 Systema Plantarum a Staminum situ, 1764, and many other 

 smaller works). Lin. gen. 1159. Lam. ill. 857. D.C.prod. 2.p.479. 



LIN. SYST. Polygamia, Diafcia. Flowers unisexual from 

 abortion, or hermaphrodite. Calyx of 3-4-5 equal sepals, which 

 are connected together at the base into a cupula. Petals equal 

 in number to the sepals, rising from the tube of the calyx, 

 sometimes fewer or abortive, or 2 of them are connected toge- 

 ther into a carina. Stamens equal in number to the sepals, or 

 fewer from abortion. Style short. Stigma pubescent above. 

 Legume continuous, divided internally in many cells by disse- 

 piments, furnished with more or less pulp, which surrounds the 

 seeds, rarely 1-celled, 1-seeded, or dry. Seeds compressed. 

 Trees with the supra-axillary branches usually converted into 

 branched spines. Leaves abruptly pinnate and bipinnate on the 

 same tree. Flowers greenish, disposed in spikes. 



1 G. TRIACA'NTHOS (Lin. spec. 1509.) spines robust, com- 

 pressed at the base, but cylindrically conical at the apex, simple, 

 or trifid ; leaflets linear-oblong, lucid ; legumes compressed, 

 flat, a little twisted, many-seeded, 10 times or more longer than 

 broad. Tj . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, and other 

 parts of North America. Duham. arb. 1. t. 105. ed. nov. 4. 

 t. 25. Miehx. fil. arb. 2. p. 164. t. 10. Hort. ang. t. 21. 

 Wats. dend. brit. t. 138. Pluk. mant. t. 352. f. 2. Spines 

 supra-axillary. This tree is known in North America by the 

 name of Honc.f-locust, and it is called by gardeners the Three- 

 thorned Acacia. 



Var. ft, inermis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 479.) stem unarmed ; 

 branches furnished with a few spines. Jj . S. D. C. legum. 

 mem. ii. t. 22. f. 109. G. IseVis, Hortul. Catesb. carol. 1. t. 43. 

 Pluk. aim. 1. 123. f. 3. 



Thrce-thorned Acacia or Honey-locust. Fl. June, July. Clt. 

 1700. Tree 30 to 50 feet. 



2 G. BRACHYCA'RPA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 221.) spines 

 thick, short, and ternate; leaflets oblong, obtuse; legumes 

 oblong, short. I? . H. Native of Virginia and the Alleghany 

 mountains. G. triacanthos ft, Miclix. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 257. 

 Compare Michx. fil. arb. 3. p. 171. Spines sometimes solitary. 



Short-fruiled Gleditschia. Fl. June, July. Tr. 30 to 50 feet. 



3 G. MONOSPE'RMA (Walt. car. 254.) spines slender, few, 

 usually trifid ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acute ; legumes flat, com- 

 pressed, roundish, 1-seeded. fj . 11. Native of Carolina, Flo- 

 rida, and Illinois, in humid woods. Michx. fil. arb. 3. p. Ki9. 

 t. 10. G. Carolinensis, Lam. diet. 2. p. 461. G. triacantha, 

 Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 149. Mill. fig. t. 5. 



One-seeded Gleditschia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1723. Tree 

 30 to 40 feet. 



4 G. SINE'NSIS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 46.5.) spines robust, conical, 

 rameal ones simple or branched, cauline ones in fascicles, 

 branched ; leaflets ovate-elliptic, obtuse ; legumes compressed, 

 elongated. Jj . H. Native of China. D. C. legum. mem. i. 

 t. 1. G. horrida, Willd. spec. 4. p. 1098. Spines axillary. A 

 tree beset with strong branched thorns. 



China Gleditschia. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1774. Tr. 30 to 50 ft. 



5 G. MACRACA'NTIIA (Desf. arb. 2. p. 246.) spines strong ; 

 branched, conical, numerous ; leaflets lanceolate, rather rigid ; 

 legumes elongated, thickened, pulpy inside. I? . H. Native 

 country unknown. Trunk very spiny ; spines of the branches 

 axillary. Leaflets nearly 2 inches long, crenately toothed. The 

 pulp in the fruit is more austere than in any other species. 



Loiig-spined Gleditschia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ' Tr. 40 to 50 ft. 



6 G. FE'ROX (Desf. arb. 2. p. 247.) spines robust, much com- 

 pressed, trifid ; leaflets lanceolate, acute. Jj . H. Native 

 country unknown. G. orientalis, Bosc. Spines of the branches 

 supra-axillary, large, compressed almost their whole length, 

 furnished with short, lateral, opposite branchlets. rThe trunk of 

 the tree is thickly beset with strong, branching thorns. 



Fierce Gleditschia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt.? Tree 30 to 50 feet. 



7 G. CA'SPICA (Desf. arb. 2. p. 247.) spines slender, trifid, 

 compressed ; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, fy . S. Native 

 of Persia, at the Caspian sea, and at Lenkeran. Flowers and 

 fruit unknown. Spines of the branches supra-axillary, decur- 

 rent along the bark at the base on all sides. Leaves usually bi- 

 pinnate. Flowers and fruit unknown. 



Caspian Gleditschia. Clt. 1822. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 



8 G. I'NDICA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 623.) spines slender, conically- 

 subulate, simple, or branched ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, acutish. 



T? . G. Native of Bengal. Spines axillary. 

 Indian Gleditschia. Clt. 1812. Tree. 



~\~ The following names occur in the gardens, but they are in 

 all probability synonymcs of some of those above. 



1 G. micracdntha, Lodd. cat. 2 G. latisiliqua, Lodd. cat. 



Cu!t. The trees are remarkable in producing large strong 

 branching thorns on the main stems. They will grow in any 

 kind of soil, and are generally raised from seeds, which are 

 usually procured from the native countries of the trees. The 

 seeds may be sown one inch deep in a bed prepared for the 

 purpose, and if the spring prove dry they will not vegetate until 

 the second year. The first year from seed the plants should be 

 sheltered from frost. 



CCXLV. GYMNO'CLADUS (from yvpvoe, gymnos, naked, 

 and (,-\a<?oe, klados, a branch ; appearance of branches). Lam. 

 diet. 1. p. 733. ill. t. 823. D. C. prod. 2. p. 479. 



LIN. SYST. Dice da, Decandiia. Flowers dioecious from 

 abortion. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Petals 5, equal, oblong, ex- 



