430 



LEGUMINOS^E. CCXLVIII. COULTERIA. CCXLIX. C.SSALFINIA. 



brous, curved, obtuse. fj . S. Native of the province of 

 Popayan, near Carthagena. Csesalpmia pectinata, Cav. prael. 

 D. C. cat. hort. raonsp. 84. Turp. diet. sc. nat. icon. Cassal- 

 pinia tinctoria, Domb. ined. Csesalpinia Tarra, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. 

 per. 4. t. 376. Flowers orange-coloured. Legume 5-6-seeded. 

 Leaves with .'} pairs of pinnae, each pinna bearing 6 pairs of 

 leaflets. The wood is used in dyeing. 



Dyers' Tara. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 



4 - C. MEXICA'NA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 481.) leaves, calyxes, 

 and legumes glabrous ; leaflets obovate, emarginate ; legumes 

 rather torose at the seeds, acuminated at both ends. Pj . S. 

 Native of New Spain. Ceesalpinia vesicaria, Sesse et Moc. fl. 

 mex. icon. ined. Flowers yellow, but with the superior petal 

 reddish. Stamens approximate. Leaves with 4 pairs of pinnae. 



Mexican Tara. Shrub. 



5 C. CHILE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 2. p. 481.) flowers pentandrous. 

 J?.G. Native of Chili. Tara tinctoria, Mol. chil. 1. c. ex 

 Sclmlt. syst. 5. p. 407. The leaves are said to be opposite. 



Chili Tara. Shrub. 



Cult. See Ccesalpima for culture and propagation, p. 432. 



CCXLIX. CJESALPI'NIA (in honour of Andreas Caesal- 

 pinus, chief physician to Pope Clement VIII., the father of 

 systematic arrangement in plants ; in his work entitled De Planti 

 Libri sedecem, Florence 4to. 1583. He died in 1602, at Rome). 

 Plum. gen. 28. t. 9. Lin. gen. no. 516. Lam. ill. t. 335. 

 Gaartn. fruct. 2. p. 144. B.C. legum.mem. xiii. prod. 2. p. 481. 



LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx cup-shaped at 

 the base, 5-lobed ; lobes unequal, the lower one largest and 

 a little arched. Petals 5, unequal, unguiculate, the upper one 

 shorter than the rest. Stamens 10, with the filaments villous at 

 the base and ascending ; anthers all fertile. Style filiform. Le- 

 gume unarmed, compressed, 2-valved. Seeds oval-oblong, 

 compressed. Embryo with an elongated plumule.- Prickly or 

 unarmed trees or shrubs, with abruptly bipinnate leaves, and 

 simple or branched racemes of yellow flowers, with the pedicels 

 bractless at the base. 



SECT. I. NUGA'RIA (Nuga is the Molucca name of the first 

 species). D. C. legum. mem. xiii. Legume 1-2-seeded. Seeds 

 very thick, transversely oblong. Calyx glabrous. Perhaps a 

 proper genus, allied to Moringa or Guilandina. 



1 C. NU'GA (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 32.) primary petiole prickly 

 beneath ; leaves with 3-4 pairs of pinnae, each pinna bearing 

 2-3 pairs of ovate, acute leaflets ; flowers in racemose panicles. 



J t - . S. Native of the Moluccas. Rumph. amb. 5. t. 50. Gui- 

 landina Nuga, Lin. spec. 546. Legume flat, short, ending in 

 an incurved mucrone. Guilandina Nugae of Burm. ind. 99. is 

 very different .from this plant in the simply pinnate leaves. 

 Roots diuretic. 



Nuga Brasiletto. Clt. 1801. Tree. 



2 C. PANICULA'TA (Desf. cat. ed. 2. p. 210.) petioles and 

 branches prickly ; leaves with 2-4 pairs of pinnae ; leaflets oval; 

 flowers panicled ; pedicels longer than the flowers, fy . S. Na- 

 tive of Malabar, in humid places. Guilandina paniculata, Lam. 

 diet. 1. p. 435. Legume oval, acute at both ends. Rheed. mal. 

 6. t. 19. 



Panic / flowered Brasiletto. Clt. 1817. Tree. 



3 C.? AXILLA'RIS (D. C. prod. 2. p. 481.) petioles and branches 

 prickly ; leaves simply pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acute ; flowers 

 axillary, usually solitary. J? .S. Native of Malabar, in woods. 

 Guilandina axill&ris, Lam. diet. 1. p. 435. Rheed. mal. 6. t. 

 20. Legume like those of the first species. 



Axillary-ftowere<\ Caesalpinia. Tree. 



SECT. II. BRASIF.E'TTIA (Brasilello is the name of C. Brasi- 



liensis in the Antilles). D. C. legum. mem. xiii. Legume ob- 

 long, acuminated at both ends, indehiscent, samaroid, 1 -seeded. 

 Seeds flat, transversely oblong. Calyx clothed with rufous down. 

 Perhaps a proper genus. 



1 C. SCA'NDENS (Roth, nov. spec. 209.) petioles and branches 

 prickly ; leaves with 3 pairs of pinnae, each pinna bearing 4 

 pairs of ovate, acuminated leaflets, which are tomentose beneath ; 

 flowers disposed in loose panicles. Jj . S. Native of the East 

 Indies. Legume roundish, oval, glabrous, 2 inches long and 

 1^ inch broad. Flowers and seeds unknown. 



Climbing Brasiletto. Clt. 1800. Shrub cl. 



5 C. BRASILIE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 544. exclusive of Catesby's 

 synonyme) unarmed; leaves with 7-9 pairs of pinnae, eacli pinna 

 bearing about 15 or 16 pairs of oval-oblong, obtuse, glabrous 

 leaflets ; rachis and calyxes pubescent ; racemes rather panicled ; 

 pedicels rather shorter than the corollas, flowers and stamens. 

 T? . S. Native of Jamaica, St. Domingo, and perhaps of Brazil, 

 according to the name. This is the tree which affords the Bra- 

 siletto or Brazil-wood of commerce, much used in dyeing. It 

 is an excellent timber wood, but seldom exceeds 8 or 1 inches 

 in diameter. It is elastic, tough, and durable, and bearing a 

 fine polish ; it is of a beautiful orange and red colour, full of 

 resin, and yields a fine tincture by infusion. 



Common Brasiletto. Clt. 1739. Tree 20 feet. 



6 C. FE'RREA (Martius, mss. in herb. Lamb.) unarmed, pu- 

 bescent in every part ; leaves with 3 pairs of pinnae, each pinna 

 bearing 4-6 pairs of elliptic, oblique leaflets ; racemes panicled ; 

 legume oblong-ovate, mucronate, pedicellate. Tj . S. Native 

 of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, where it is called Pao-ferro 

 or Iron-tree. 



Iron Brasiletto. Tree. 



SECT. III. SAPPA'NIA (Sappan is the Malabar name of the 

 tree). D. C. legum. mem. xiii. prod. jj. p. 482. Campecia, 

 Adans. fam. 2. p. 318. Legume compressed, many-seeded, 

 1 -celled, with dry valves. Seeds oblong. Upper petal short. 



7 C. SA'PPAN (Lin. spec. 544.) leaves with 10-12 pairs of 

 pinnae, each pinna bearing 10-12 pairs of unequal-sided, ob- 

 liquely oval-oblong leaflets, which are emarginate at the apex ; 

 flowers panicled ; calyxes glabrous. Tj . S. Native of the 

 East Indies. Roxb. cor. 1. t. 16 Rheed. mal. 6. t. 2. Le- 

 gume compressed, woody, glabrous, obliquely truncate at the 

 apex. Flowers yellow. Ovary pubescent, ending in the short 

 style. The uses of the wood of this tree in dyeing are numerous 

 throughout Asia; it is an ingredient in the red dye on the coast 

 of Coromandel, commonly called the chay dye. Where a 

 cheap red is required for cotton cloth, the wood is employed by 

 the Telinga dyers, but they cannot make it stand. The process 

 of the Telinga dyers is as follows : The cotton cloth is well 

 washed, to remove any remains of the quick-lime, &c. used in 

 bleaching ; an infusion of half a pound of the powdered caducay 

 in a pint and a half of cold water strained is employed to pre- 

 pare the cloth, which is done by wetting it twice in the same in- 

 fusion, drying it between and after. The following day it is twice 

 wetted in a strong solution of alum, and as often dried in the 

 sun. Next day a decoction of the Sappan-wood is prepared as 

 follows: take 1 pound of Sappan-wood in powder, water 12 

 quarts, boil it till a third is consumed, divide the remaining 8 

 quarts into 3 parts, one of 4 and the other two of 2 quarts each ; 

 into the 4 quarts put the cloth, wet it well, wring it gently, and 

 half dry it, it is again wetted in one of the small portions, and 

 when half dry wetted for the third and last time in the other 

 remaining portion of the decoction ; dry in the shade, which 

 finishes the process. The wood therefore seems to be possessed 

 of nearly the same qualities as the Brasiletto or Brazil-wood. 



Sappan Brasiletto. Clt. 1773. Tree 40 feet. 



