LEGUMINOS,E. CCLXXXI. SCHOTIA. CCLXXXII. COPAIFEEA. 



455 



Tamarind-leaved Scholia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub 

 5 to 6 feet. 



3 S. STIPULA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 33.) leaves 

 with 5 pairs of oval, acute, mucronate leaflets ; stipulas dimi- 

 diately ovate, falcate, mucronate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape 

 of Good Hope. Flowers crimson. 



Stipulaceous Scholia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1794. Sh. 5 to 6 ft. 



4 S. ALA'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. ed. Schult. 1. p. 389.) leaves 

 with usually 4 pairs of cuneiform cut, usually convolute leaflets, 

 which are reflexed at ihe apex, fj . G. Nalive of ihe Cape of 

 Good Hope. Flowers axillary, pedunculale. Petiole furnished 

 with a narrow wing. 



Winged Scholia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 



SECT. II. SCHOTIA'RIA (an alteration from the generic name), 

 D. C. prod. 2. p. 508. Legume turgid. Leaves simple. 



5 S. SIMPLICIFOLIA (Vahl. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 508.) leaves 

 oval, emarginate, obtuse, quite smooth, shining, quite entire, 3- 

 nerved, and reticulately veined ; racemes terminal ; rachis, 

 calyxes, and pedicels clolhed with short velvely down ; stamens 

 exceeding the petals, and the petals exceeding the calyx, fy . S. 

 Native country unknown. Legume turgid according to Vahl. 



Simple-leaved Scholia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



SECT. III. OMPHALOBIOIDES (from Ompkalobium, a genus in 

 Connaraceae, and idea, like ; resembles that genus in habit). 

 D. C. prod. 2. p. 508. Sepals only connected a very little at 

 the base. Filaments somewhat monadelphous al ihe very base. 

 Legume on a shorl pedicel, oval, compressed, almosl indehis- 

 cent, 1 -celled, and 2-seeded. Seed girded by an ample aril al 

 ihe base. 



6 S. LATIFOLIA (Jacq. fragm. 23. 1. 15. f. 4.) leaves wilh 2-4 

 pairs of obovale, very blunl, mucronale leaflels ; sepals 4 ; pelals 

 oblong, hardly allenualed al ihe base ; slamens monadelphous, 

 4 times longer than ihe calyx ; legume 2-seeded. Tj . G. Na- 

 tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Omphalobium Scholia, Jacq. 

 eel. icon. ined. Pelals and slamens purple and while. Seeds 

 orbicular, brown, furnished with a yellow arillus. 



Broad-leaved Scholia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. Sh. 6 ft. 



Cult. The species of this genus are very elegant when in 

 flower. They succeed besl in a cool parl of a stove, as the 

 green-house is ralher loo cold for ihem in winter, although they 

 are natives of the Cape of Good Hope. The soil best suited for 

 them is a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cullings 

 will rool readily if planted in a pot of sand, wilh a hand-glass 

 placed over ihem in a moderate heat. 



CCLXXXII. COPAI'FERA (from Copaiba, the Brazilian 

 name for ihe balsam of Capevi, sn&fero, lo bear ; Irees produc- 

 ing the balsam of Capevi). Lin. gen. no. 542. Desf. mem. mus. 

 p. 375. H. B. el Kunlh, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 265. D. C. prod. 

 2. p. 509. Hayne, pi. oflic. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. vol. 1. p. 425. 

 Copaiva, Jacq. amer. 133. 



LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx braclless. Sepals 

 4, connected al ihe very base, spreading, small, and equal. 

 Pelals wanting. Stamens 10, distinct, nearly equal ; anthers 

 oblong. Style filiform. Legume stipilale, obliquely elliplic, 

 coriaceous, somewhat compressed, 2-valved, 2-ovulate, 1 -seeded. 

 Seed elliplic, wrapped in a fleshy arillus. Embryo straight, with 

 a sublateral radicle.^Trees, nalivesof ihe Iropical parls of Ame- 

 rica, with impari-pinnale leaves, and co.riaceous, somewhat un- 

 equal, ovate leaflets. Flowers white, disposed in panicles. 



* Leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets reticulated nitli ribs. 

 1 C. BEYRICHU (Hayne in Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 425.) 



leaves with 2-3 pairs of equal-sided leaflels, each ending in a 

 long emarginate acumen, lower ones oblong, upper ones lanceo- 

 late, hardly with pellucid dots. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. 

 Hayne, p). orric. t. 12. 



Beyrich's Balsam of Capevi tree. Tree 20 lo 30 feel. 



2 C. GUIANE'NSIS (Desf. mem. mus. 7. p. 376.) leaves wilh 

 2-4 pairs of equal-sided leaflets, each ending in a long apicu- 

 laled poinl, lower ones ovate, upper ones oblong, full of pellucid 

 dois. Tj . S. Nalive of Guiana, near ihe Rio Negro. Hayne, 

 pi. offic. I. 13. 



Guiana Balsam of Capevi tree. Clt. 1817. Tree 30 lo 40 ft. 



3 A. MA'RTH (Hayne, 1. c.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of ovate, 

 equal-sided, dolless leaflels, ending each in a shorl emarginate 

 acumen. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Hayne, pi. offic. t. 15. 



Martins' s Balsam of Capevi Iree. Tree 30 lo 40 feel. 



4 C. JACQUINIA'NA (Hayne, 1. c.) leaves wilh 2-5 pairs of 

 ovale, incurved, unequal-sided, blunlly acuminated leaflets, full 

 of pellucid dots. Tj . S. Native of Martinique, Trinidad, &c. 

 Hayne, t. 14. C. officinalis, Lin. spec. 557. Jacq. amer. t. 86. 

 Lam. ill. t. 342. Woodv. med. bol. 3. t. 137. H. B. el Kunlh, 

 nov. gen. 7. I. 659. The Irees which produce ihe balsam of 

 Capevi, or Copaiva, are nalives of ihe Spanish Wesl India Islands, 

 and of some parts of South America, and ihe resinous juice 

 flows in considerable quantities from incisions made in the trunk. 

 The juice is clear and transparenl, of a whitish or pale yellow 

 colour, an agreeable smell, and a bitlerish pungenl laste. It is 

 usually about the consistence of oil, or a lillle ihicker ; when 

 long kept it becomes nearly as ihick as honey, retaining ils clear- 

 ness ; bul il has never been observed to grow dry or solid, as 

 other resinous juices do. The best resin of Copaiva comes from 

 Brazil. Pure resin of Copaiva dissolves entirely in alcohol ; the 

 solution has a very fragrant smell. Dislilled with water il yields 

 a large quanlily of a limpid essenlial oil, bul no benzoic acid ; 

 it is therefore not a balsam, bul a lurpentine, a combination of 

 resin and volatile oil. In medicine the resin of Copaiva is a use- 

 ful Ionic, bul in some degree irrilaling. In large doses it proves 

 purgative, and promotes urine, and is supposed lo clean and heal 

 exulceralions in the urinary passages more effectually lhan any 

 of the olher resinous fluids. The resin has been principally 

 celebrated in chronic calarrh, gleels, and ihe fluor albus, and ex- 

 ternally as a vulnerary. The dose of ihis medicine rarely ex- 

 ceeds 20 or 30 drops, though some authors direct GO or upwards. 

 Il may be conveniently taken in the form of an emulsion, into 

 which it may be reduced by trituraling il with oil of almonds, with 

 a thick mucilage of gum-arabic, or wilh ihe yolk of eggs, till they 

 are well incorporated, and then gradually adding a proper quan- 

 tity of water. 



Jacquin's Balsam of Capevi tree. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 



5 C. BUUGA (Hayne, 1. c.) leaves with 2 pairs of incurved, 

 oval, blunlly-acuminaled, unequal-sided leaflels, which are full 

 of pellucid dols. Jj . S. Nalive of Brazil. Hayne, pi. offic. t. 16. 



jfW)-^)zred-leafletted Balsam of Capevi-tree. Tree 30 lo 40 

 feel. 



6 C. MULTUUGA (Hayne, 1. c.) leaves with 6-10 pairs of some- 

 what incurved, unequal-sided leaflets, ending each in a long api- 

 culaled acumen, lower ones ovate-oblong, upper ones lanceolate, 

 all full of pellucid dols. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Hayne, pi. 

 offic. t. 17. f. c. 



Many-paired-\ea.Retted Balsam of Capevi tree. Tree 30 to 

 40 feet. 



* * Leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets reticulately veined. 



7 C. JUSSI'EI (Hayne, 1. c.) leaves with 5-6 pairs of incurved, 

 nearly equal-sided leaflets, each ending in a long mucronate acu- 

 men, lower ones ovate-lanceolate, upper ones oval-oblong, all full 



