AMYGDALACE^E V. CERASUS. 



509 



1 3 Sweet Morello. 



14 Langstilkede sode Moreller. 



15 Morello, small Morello of some, Dutch Morello, large 

 Morello, black Morello, late Morello, Ranald's large Morello, 

 du nord, griotte ordinaire du nord. Fruit dark red, round, heart- 

 shaped, large. Flesh tender. A first-rate kitchen fruit, ripen- 

 ing in July and August. For north walls and for preserving 

 the Morello is well known to be most valuable. 



16 Wild Morello. 



I (tr. K, cordigera (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 537.) fruit ovate- 

 globose ; flesh red. To this variety belong the following sorts 

 of cherry : 



1 Cerise guigne, Duham. arb. fr. 1. p. 195. t. 16. f. 1. 



2 Gr'wtte guigne, cerise d'Angleterre, Lois, in Duham. ed. 

 nov. 5. p. 28. no. 32. t. 14. f. B. 



3 Griotte ou cerise cceur, Le Berr. trait, jard. 1. p. 257. ex 

 Lois. 1. c. 



4 Plumstone Morello. Fruit red, round, heart-shaped. Flesh 

 watery, inferior to the Morello. 



Capronian, Griotte, Duke, and Morello Cherry. Fl. April. 

 May. Tree 20 feet. 



f- Names of cherries not so well known as to be placed in 

 either species or varieties. 



1 Adlington. 2 Affane. 3 Ambree a gros fruit. 4 Ambree 

 a petit fruit. 5 American heart. 6 Ansel!' s fine black. 7 Belle 

 Base. 8 Black American. 9 Black Orleans. 10 Black Spa- 

 nish. 11 Broiig/iton's early black duke. 12 Bourn? s Dantzic 

 cherry. 13 Buttner's hers kirschc. 14 But liter's October 

 zucker neichsel. 15 Buttner's sehrspate. 16 Denner's black. 

 17 Double Natte. 18 Franche. 19 Grosse blanche carree. 

 20 Grosse blanche. 21 Harllib. 22 Ifdtire ou precoce. 

 23 Hdtii-c de St. Jean. 24 De Jacap. 25 Lceder kirsebcer. 

 2G Lampcr's knorpel-kirsche. 27 Millet's late heart-duke. 

 28 Monstrneuse Henneqnine. 29 Muscat de Prague. 30 New 

 Royal. 31 Noitvelle d'Angleterre, cerise guigne. 32 Noyau 

 tendre. 33 Cerise a petit fruit blanc. 3 1 Precoce. 35 Prince's 

 duke. 36 Black prolific. 37 De Prusse. 38 Ra'mer's French 

 clurry. 39 Remington heart. 40 Rothmelirt Bernstein kirschc. 

 41 Rouge pale tardice. 42 Royal tardive, duke cherry. 43 Jlus- 

 sie a fruit blanc. 44 Thramer's Muscateller aus Minorka. 

 45 Tilger's Weisse herz kirsche. 46 Robertson's Tradescant's. 

 47 Turkine. 48 Transparent. 49 White transparent. 50 Ce- 

 r'/x:: <i trochet, commune 'a Irochct, tres fertile. 51 Unique no- 

 velle, early unique, early unique novelle. 52 De Varenne. 

 53 Wellington. 54 White Spanish. 55 Winter's ichwarze 

 knorpel kirsche. 



Selection of sorts. Forsyth recommends for a small garden : 



1 May-duke. 2 Morello. 3 Archduke. 4 Black heart. 5 

 Bigarreau. 6 Graffion. 7 Turkey heart, 8 Kensington duke 

 cherry. 



Those in the Dalkeith garden are : 1 May-duke, two sorts. 



2 Harrison's heart. 3 Black heart. 4 While heart. 5 Amber 

 heart. 6 Morello. All against walls. 



Miller says the best sorts for an orchard are : the common red 

 or Kentish, the duke cherry, and the Lukemard's heart ; all of 

 which are plentiful bearers. 



Propagation. Varieties of the cherry are continued by graft- 

 ing or budding on stocks of the black or mild red cherries, which 

 are strong growers and of a longer duration than any of the 

 garden kinds. The hearts, which are all ill bearers, are some- 

 times grafted on bird cherry stocks, which are said to have the 

 same effect on the cherry that the paradise stock has on the 

 apple, that of dwarfing the tree and rendering it more prolific. 

 Some graft on the Morello for the same purpose. The stones 

 of the cultivated cherries are sometimes, but improperly, sub- 



stituted for those of the wild sort, as being more easily procured. 

 New varieties are produced by propagating from seed. 



The cherry, Mr. T. A. Knight observes, (Hort. trans. 2. p. 

 38.) " sports more extensively in variety when propagated from 

 seeds, than any other fruit which I have hitherto subjected 

 to experiments ; and this species is therefore probably capable 

 of acquiring a higher state of perfection than it has ever yet 

 attained. New varieties are also much wanted; for the trees of 

 the best old kinds are every where in a state of decay in the 

 cherry orchards ; and I am quite confident that neither healthy 

 nor productive trees will ever be obtained from grafts of old 

 and expended varieties of this or any other species of fruit tree." 



Cherry stones, whether for stocks or new varieties, are sown 

 in light sandy earth rn autumn, or are preserved in sand till 

 spring and then sown. They will come up the same season, 

 and should not be removed till the second autumn after sowing. 

 They may then be planted out in rows, 3 feet apart, and the 

 plants about 1 foot asunder in the rows. The succeeding sum- 

 mer they will be fit to bud, if intended for dwarfs ; but if for 

 standards they will require to stand one or more seasons, gener- 

 ally till four years old. They should be budded or grafted near 

 6 feet from the ground ; the usual way is to bud in summer, 

 and graft those which do not succeed the following spring. 



Soil. The cherry delights in dry sandy soil and elevated 

 situations; but some sorts, as the may-duke, will thrive in all 

 soils and aspects, and all the varieties may be planted in a com- 

 mon mellow garden or orchard ground. In Kent, this tree pros- 

 pers in the deep loam lying on rock. Miller says, the soil 

 which cherries thrive best in, is a fresh hazel loam ; if it be a 

 dry gravel they will not live many years, and will be perpetually 

 blighted in the spring. 



Site. To obtain fruit early, some sorts, as the May-duke, 

 are planted against walls ; but all the varieties will do well as 

 dwarfs or espaliers in general situations, and most of them as 

 standards. The May-duke, Nicol observes, does well as a 

 standard ; but against a south wall the fruit becomes consider- 

 ably larger, and contrary to what happens in other fruits, it 

 seems to acquire flavour. The Morello is much improved in 

 flavour when planted against a wall of good aspect. Abercrombie 

 says, " allot to the finest of the early kinds south walls for 

 fruit in May and June, train others against west and east walls, 

 for supplies in succession, and some on north walls for the latest 

 ripeners, particularly the Morello, which, so situated, will con- 

 tinue in perfection till September and October ; but it is also 

 proper to plant some trees of this sort on south walls, to have 

 the fruit ripen earlier, with an improved flavour." 



Final planting. Plant full standards from 20 to 30 feet apart; 

 small standards 15, 18, or 20 feet apart. The proper season 

 for planting is from the middle or end of October, or any time 

 in November or December, if open weather, till February or 

 March. Miller says, never plant standard or rider cherry trees 

 over other fruits ; for there is no sort of fruit that will prosper 

 under the drip of cherries. He allows 40 feet square for stan- 

 dards in orchards for the same reason. 



Mode of bearing. .Cherry trees in general produce the fruit 

 upon small spurs or studs, from half an inch to 2 inches in 

 length, which proceed from the side and ends of the two year or 

 3 year and older branches ; and as new spurs continue shooting 

 from the extreme parts, it is a maxim in pruning both standard 

 and wall trees, not to shorten the bearing branches where there 

 is room for their regular extension. The Morello is, in some 

 degree, an exception. 



Pruning cherry trees in general. To standards give only an 

 occasional pruning to reform or remove any casual irregularity 

 from cross-placed or very crowded branches, and take away all 

 cankery and decayed wood. To wall trees a summer pruning 



