. I. PURSHIA. II. KERRIA. III. SPIRAEA. 



517 



inwardly, somewhat 2-valved. Seeds 2-4, rarely solitary from 

 abortion, rising from the margin of the inner suture, at the mid- 

 dle or near the base, suspended, without aril and without albu- 

 men. Embryo straight, inverted in Spires' a, but probably erect 

 in the other genera. Cotyledons flat, thickish. This order is 

 composed of shrubs or herbs, with simple, trifoliate, or pin- 

 nate leaves. The roots of all the plants contained in it 

 are so astringent as to be sometimes used for tanning. The 

 Gillenia trifoliata is remarkable in having, in addition to its as- 

 tringency, an emetic property, on which account it is employed 

 in North America as Ipecacuanha. It is said a similar power 

 exists in other plants of this order. 



This order is distinguished from Chrysobalanece by the 

 numerous follicular dehiscent carpels, and from Rosacece in the 

 carpels, and in the styles being terminal, not lateral, as in that 

 order. 



Synopsis of the genera. 



1 PU'RSHIA. Lobes of calyx all obtuse. Stamens about 25, 

 rising from the calyx. Carpels 1-2, ovate, oblong, containing 

 1 seed, which is inserted at the base of the carpel. Leaves 

 cuneated, deeply toothed at the apex. 



2 KE'RRIA. Lobes of calyx 5, 3 of which are obtuse, and 

 the other 9, mucronate. Stamens about 20, arising from the 

 calyx. Carpels 5-8, globose, containing 1 seed each, which 

 adheres to the side. 



3 SPIR^A. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 65. a. f. 66. a.). Stamens 20- 

 50, inserted with the petals in the torus, which adheres to the 

 calyx. Carpels 2-5 (f. 65. d.), rarely solitary, free, rarely 

 joined, containing 2-6 seeds in each, fixed to the inner suture. 



4 GILLENIA. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 67. a.). Petals linear, con- 

 tracted at the base (f. 67. c.), rising from the top of the 

 tube. Stamens 10-15, inclosed (f. 67.6.). Carpels 5, some- 

 what connate into a 5-celled fruit ; cells 2-seeded. 



f A genus doubtful whether it belongs to the present order. 



5 ADENILE'MA. Calyx glandular, 5-cleft. Stamens numer- 

 ous, inserted with the petals in the calyx. Ovary simple. Style 

 1. Capsule inclosed in the calyx, 1 -celled, dehiscent, many- 

 seeded. Seeds albuminous. 



I. PU'RSHIA (in honour of Frederick Pursh, author of 

 Flora Americae Septentrionalis, 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1817). 

 D. C. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 154. prod. 2. p. 541. Tigarea, 

 Pursh, &. amer. sept. 1. p. 33. t. 15. but not of Aublet. 



LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Mono-Digynia. Calyx 5-cleft; lobes 

 ovate, obtuse. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens about 25, rising 

 with the petals from the calyx. Carpels 1-2, ovate-oblong, pu- 

 bescent, tapering into the style at the apex, at length opening by 

 a longitudinal chink. Seed 1, inserted in the base of the carpel. 

 A much-branched shrub, with scaly buds. Leaves crowded, 

 wedge-shaped, deeply 3-toothed at the apex, smoothish above, 

 but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath. Stipulas very small. 

 Flowers yellow. 



1 P. TRIDENTA'TA (D. C. 1. c.). ^ . H. Native of North 

 America, on the banks of the Columbia river, and in the 

 prairies of the Rocky Mountains, &c. Hook. fl. bor. amer. t. 8. 

 Tigarea tridentata, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 33. 



Tridentate-lea.\-eA Purshia. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 



Cult. A dry light sandy soil will answer this shrub best. 

 Cuttings may be rooted tinder a hand-glass, but the shrub is 

 easier increased by seeds. 



II. KE'RRIA (in honour of Kerr, sometime superinten- 

 dant of the botanic garden in Ceylon). D. C. in Lin. trans. 12. 

 p. 156. prod. 2. p. 541. 



LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes 

 ovate, 3 of which are obtuse, and the other 2 callosely mucronate 

 at the apex, imbricate in aestivation. Petals 5, orbicular. Sta- 

 mens about 20, arising from the calyx with the petals, exserted. 

 Carpels 5-8, globose, free, glabrous, each ending in a filiform 

 style. Seed solitary in the carpels, adhering laterally . An 

 evergreen shrub, with smooth green bark, twiggy branches, 

 ovate-lanceolate, coarsely and unequally serrated, feather-nerved, 

 conduplicate leaves, linear-subulate stipulas, and large yellow 

 flowers, which are usually double in the gardens. 



1 K. JAPONICA (D. C. 1. c.). T? . H. Native of Japan. Ru- 

 bus Japonicus, Lin. mant. 245. Corchorus Japonicus, Thunb. 

 fl. jap. p. 227. Andr. bot. rep. 587. Sims, bot. mag. 1296. Spi- 

 rae'a Japonica, Cambess. ann. sc. nat. 1. p. 389. Flowers yellow. 

 The single-flowered Kerria has not yet been introduced to the 

 gardens, but the double-flowering variety is very common. 



Japan Kerria. Fl. all the year. Clt. 1700. Sh. 4 to 10 ft. 



Cult. Kerria is an elegant shrub when in blossom, being 

 clothed with double yellow flowers all the summer. It is hardy 

 enough to stand the winter in the open air, if planted against a 

 south wall. Cuttings, taken off at a joint when in a young 

 state, root readily, if planted under a hand-glass. 



III. SPIR/E V A (said to be from a-n-npau), S2^elrao, to become 

 spiral ; in allusion to the fitness of the plants to be twisted into 

 garlands). Lin. gen. 630. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 337. t. 69. D. C. 

 prod. 2. p. 541. Spirae'a, Ulmaria, and Filipendula, Tourn. inst. 



Spirae'a species, Cambessedes, mon. spir. in ann. sc. nat. 1. 

 p. 227. 



LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Di-Pentagynia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 65. 

 a. f. 66. a.}, permanent. Stamens 10-50, inserted in the torus, 

 lining the calyx along with the petals. Carpels solitary, or 

 several together (f. 65. d.), rarely connected at the base, ending 

 in short points, sessile, rarely stipitate. Seeds 2-6, fixed to the 

 inner suture of the carpel. Embryo inverted. Cotyledons thickish. 



Unarmed shrubs or perennial herbs, with alternate branches. 

 Leaves usually simple, but sometimes pinnately cut, as in Sec- 

 tion Ulmaria, having pinnate or palmately ternate nerves. 

 Flowers white or reddish, never yellow. 



SECT. I. PHYSOCA'RPOS (tyvaa, physa, a bladder, and Kap?roc, 

 karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the bladdery carpels). Cambess. 

 in ann. sc. nat. 1. p. 385. D. C. prod. 2. p. 542. Ovaries 

 connected at the base. Torus lining the calycine tube. Carpels 

 bladdery, rather membranous. Ovula 2-3, fixed to the semi- 

 niferous margin of the carpel, ovoid, at first horizontal, but at 

 length suspended. Flowers hermaphrodite, disposed in umbels; 

 pedicels 1 -flowered. Leaves toothed or somewhat lobed, usually 

 stipulate. 



1 S. OPULIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 702.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed, bi- 

 serrated, stalked ; corymbs pedunculate, hemispherical ; flowers 

 numerous ; pedicels slender, glabrous ; sepals spreading ; carpels 

 large, diverging ; seeds obovate, shining, yellow. ^ H. Na- 

 tive of North America, from Canada to Carolina, on the moun- 

 tains. Cambess. in ann. sc. nat. 1. p. 386. Lois, in Duham. 

 ed. nov. 6. p. 61. t. 14. Comm. hort. 1. p. 169. t. 87. Flowers 

 white. Carpels 3. 



Var. ft, tomentella (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 542.) peduncles 

 and calyxes tomentose. Native at the grand rapids of the Colum- 

 bia river. 



