QUILLAJE.E. II. QUH.LAJA. III. VAUQUELINIA. IV. LINDLEYA. ROSACES. 



523 



FIG. 68. 



terminal, permanent. Stigmas unilateral. Evergreen trees, with 

 undivided leaves. Stipulas 2, petiolar, caducous. Flowers 

 corymbose, polygamous. 



1 Q. SAPONA'RIA (Mol. chil. p. 182. ed. 2. p. 298.) leaves 

 oval, for the most part toothed. Ij . G. Native of Chili, very 

 plentiful in the woods of the provinces of Rire d Richacay. Q. 

 Molinae, D. C. prod. 2. p. 547. Q. Smegmadermos, D. C. prod. 

 2. p. 547. Smegmadermos emar- 



ginatus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 

 syst. 1. p. 288. Smegmaria emar- 

 ginata, Willd. spec. 4. p. 1123. 

 In Chili the bark is used as a sub- 

 stitute for soap. 



Soap Quillaja. Fl. Dec. Feb. 

 Tree 60 feet. 



2 Q. LANCEOLA'TA (D. Don, in 

 edinb. phil. journ. Jan. 1831.) 

 leaves lanceolate, acute, entire. 



Ft . S. Native of Brazil, (f. 68.) 

 Lanceolate - leaved Quillaja. 

 Tree. 



Cult. See Kageneckia for cul- 

 ture and propagation, p. 522. 



III. VAUQUELFNIA (in honour of M. Vauquelin, the ce- 

 lebrated French chemist, whose discoveries have been extended 

 to the vegetable kingdom). Corr. in Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 

 1. p. 140. t. 40. D. C. prod. 2. p. 547. 



LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-cleft, perma- 

 nent. Petals 5, permanent. Stamens 15-20, permanent, ex- 

 serted with the petals from the calyx. Anthers oblong. Carpels 



5, joined into a 5-celled, 5-styled ovarium. Styles 5. Stigmas 

 capitate. Capsule ovate, 5-celled ; cells 2-valved, dehiscent, 2- 

 seeded. Seeds ending in a membranous wing, as in the rest of 

 the genera, erect. A tree, with alternate, lanceolate, unequally 

 toothed, exstipulate ? leaves, and terminal corymbs of white 

 flowers. Flowers probably dioecious. 



1 V. CORYMBOSA (Corr. 1. c.) \j . S. Native of Mexico, in 

 temperate parts near Actopan. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen- amer. 



6. p. 238. 



Corymbose-dowered Vauquelinia. Tree 50 feet. 



Cult. See Kageneckia for culture and propagation, p. 522. 



IV. LINDLE 1 YA (in honour of John Lindley, F.R.S. F.L.S. 

 professor of botany in the London university). H. B. et Kunth, 

 nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 239. D. C. prod. 2. p. 548. 



LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-cleft, permanent. 

 Petals 5. Stamens 15-20, inserted in the disk in the throat of 

 the calyx. Anthers lanceolate, uncinately reflexed at the base. 

 Carpels 5, connected into a 5-celled, 5-styled ovarium, contain- 

 ing 2 pendulous ? ovula each. Capsule 5-celled, propped by the 

 calyx, woody, 5-angled. Seeds with winged margins. A 

 smooth tree, with scattered simple crenulated bistipulate leaves, 

 and axillary solitary white bracteate flowers. This genus ap- 

 proaches very near Vauquelinia. 



1 L. MESPILOI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 

 239. t. 562.) Jj . S. Native of Mexico, very common about 

 the village of Magdalena. Habit of Pyrus mains, or the apple- 

 tree. 



Mespilus-like Lindleya. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 



Cult. See Kageneckia for culture and propagation, p. 522. 



ORDER LXXXIII. ROSA'CE^ (plants agreeing with Rosa in 

 important characters). Juss. gen. 334. part. 



Calyx 4-5-lobed, valvate in aestivation, with the disk sur- 



rounding the orifice (f. 74. g. f. 75. e.\ having the fifth lobe 

 next the axis. Petals 5 (f. 71. b. f. 72. 6. f. 75. e, &c.), peri- 

 gynous, equal. Stamens indefinite (f. 69. c. f. 71. c.), arising 

 from the calyx, just within the petals ; they are curved inwards 

 in aestivation ; anthers innate, 2- celled, bursting lengthwise. 

 Ovaries superior (f. 71. d.), several, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Ovula 

 usually suspended, rarely erect. Styles lateral, near the apex of 

 the ovaries. Stigmas simple and emarginate on one side. Fruit 

 either 1-seeded nuts or akenia (f. 71. d. f. 72. c.). Seeds erect 

 or inverted. Embryo straight, with a taper short radicle, point- 

 ing to the hylum, and flat cotyledons. Albumen wanting This 



order is composed of herbaceous plants or shrubs, but never 

 trees. Leaves simple or compound, with 2 stipulas at the base. 

 Rosacece are distinguished from Pomacece by their superior fruit, 

 and usually suspended seeds ; from Leguminosceby their regular 

 petals and stamens, and especially by the odd segment of the 

 5-lobed calyx of that order, which is anterior, not posterior, as 

 in Rosacece ; from Chrysobalanece in their styles proceeding 

 from the side of the ovarium near the apex, and not from the 

 base, as in that order, by their more regular petals and stamens, 

 and by their fruit not being a drupe ; Amygdalacece differ from 

 Rosacece by their terminal styles, drupaceous fruit, and presence 

 of prussic-acid, along with the formation of gum; Sangtiisorbece 

 differ from Rosacece in their apetalous flowers and definite sta- 

 mens, alternating with the segments of the calyx ; Spirceacece 

 and Quillajece differ from Rosacece by their follicular fruit, and 

 in the aestivation of the calyx. 



Rosaceous plants are always wholesome ; they are chiefly re- 

 markable from the presence of an astringent principle, which has 

 caused several of them to be reckoned febrifugal. The root of 

 TormentUla repens is used for tanning in the Feroe Islands ; 

 Potentilla anserina has been used by tanners ; Potentilla repens 

 as a febrifuge. Geum urbanum and rivale have been compared 

 for efficacy to Cinchona. The fruit of many species of Fragaria 

 or strawberry, and Rubus or raspberry and cloudberry, are 

 valuable articles for the dessert. The leaves of Rubus drcticus 

 and Rosa rubiginosa have been employed as a substitute for tea. 

 Agrimonia eupatdria yields a decoction useful as a gargle. The 

 root of Rilbus villosus is a popular astringent in North America 

 in cholera infantum. One of the most powerful anthelmintics 

 in the world belongs to this family, an Abyssinian plant, Brayera 

 anthelmintica. Upon the authority of Dr. Brayer two or three 

 doses of the infusion are sufficient to cure the most obstinate 

 case of taenia. The various species of roses form some of the 

 greatest beauties of the garden. The fruit of Rosa canlna, and 

 other allied species, is astringent, and is employed against chronic 

 diarrhoea and other maladies. The petals of Rosa damascena 

 yield a highly fragrant essential oil, called attar of roses ; those 

 of Rosa gdllica are astringent when dried with rapidity, and are 

 sometimes found useful in cases of debility, such as leucorrhcea 

 and diarrhoea, &c. 



Synopsis of the genera. 

 TRIBE I. 



DRYA'DE^E. Calyx 8-10-cleft (f. 70. &.), rarely many parted 

 3x2 



