ROSACE/E. VIII. RUBUS. 



531 



terete, pubescent ; prickles scattered ; leaves pinnate, with usually 

 7 oval serrulated leaflets, which are white beneath from tomen- 

 tum ; racemes axillary ; flowers apetalous ; calycine segments 

 nearly linear, acute ; carpels few. Tj . S. Native of the Isle of 

 France. 



ApetaLus Bramble. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Sh. 6 feet. 



20 R. MACROPODUS (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 557.) branches 

 tomentose ; prickles numerous on the peduncles, slender, and 

 recurved ; leaves of the fertile branches pinnately trifoliate, 

 clothed with hoary tomentum beneath, and rather pilose above ; 

 leaflets crenated, terminal one large and deeply 3-lobed ; flowers 

 axillary, solitary ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; calycine 

 segments linear-lanceolate, 5-nerved, acuminated, rather woolly, 

 prickly, rather foliaceous at the apex, twice the length of the 

 corolla. tj . G. Native of New South Wales. 



Long-petioled Bramble. Shrub. 



21 R. STRIGOSUS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 297.) stem 

 terete, very hispid ; leaves of the sterile branches quinately 

 pinnate, of the fertile branches 3-lobed ; leaflets ovate, unequally 

 serrated, obtuse at the base, lined beneath, and clothed with 

 white tomentum, the terminal lobe or leaflet usually subcordate ; 

 peduncles usually 3-flowered, and are as well as the calyxes his- 

 pid. J? .H. Native of Pennsylvania and Canada, on the mountains. 

 R. Pennsylvania^, Poir. diet. 6. p. 246. Petals white, longer 

 than the calyx. 



Slrigose Bramble. Shrub. 



22 R. BIFLORUS (Hamilt. ex Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 30.) 

 stem prickly at the base ; leaves of the sterile branches with 5 

 leaflets, of the fertile branches trifoliate ; leaflets ovate or ellip- 

 tic, unequally serrated, cuneated at the base, clothed with white 

 tomentum beneath, but villous above ; petioles and branches 

 tomentose and prickly ; stipulas linear ; peduncles elongated, 

 twin or tern ; calycine segments broad, oval, acuminated, length 

 of the petals. Jj . H. Native of Upper Nipaul, on the banks 

 of rivers, and in the vicinity of Chitlong. R. pedunculosus, D. 

 Don, prod. fl. nep. 234. where the stem is said to be unarmed. 



Two-flowered Bramble. Fl. April, June. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



23 R. OCCIDENTALS (Lin. spec. 706.) stems terete, pruinose ; 

 prickles recurved ; leaves of the sterile branches pinnate, of the 

 fertile ones trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, deeply serrated, clothed 

 with white tomentum beneath ; stipulas very narrow, setaceous ; 

 peduncles umbellate, prickly ; calycine segments lanceolate- 

 linear, tomentose, pointed at the apex ; petals obovate-cuneated, 

 2-lobed, spreading, shorter than the calyx ; carpels numerous, 

 smoothish, when dry wrinkled from lacunae. Jj . H. Native of 

 Canada and the West Indies. Sloan, jam. t. 213. f. 1. Dill, 

 hort. elth. t. 287. f. 319. Stems covered with bloom. Fruit 

 black, resembling that of the common raspberry. 



Western Bramble or Virginian Raspberry. Fl. May, June. 

 Clt. 1696. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



24 R. A'SPER (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 234.) leaves pinnate, 

 with usually 7 elliptic, acuminated, sharply serrated leaflets, 

 which are green above, and rather pilose beneath ; petioles and 

 branches beset with gland-bearing bristles and prickles ; stipu- 

 las lanceolate, cuspidate ; peduncles terminal, usually tern. J? . 

 H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers white. 



Rough Bramble. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 



25 R. LASIOCA'RPUS (Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 30.) stems 

 smooth ; prickles strong, recurved ; leaves pinnate, with 7 leaf- 

 lets, clothed with white tomentum beneath, the terminal leaflet 

 usually 3-lobed ; nerves pilose ; stipulas setaceous ; flowers 

 racemose, terminal ; carpels tomentose, reticulated. ^ . S. 

 Native of Mysore. 



Woolly-fruited Bramble. Shrub. 



26 R. ID^US (Lin. spec. 706.) villous ; stems terete ; prickles 

 slender, straight ; leaves of the sterile branches pinnate, of the 



fertile ones trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, deeply serrated, clothed 

 with white tomentum beneath ; stipulas setaceous ; peduncles 

 sub-corymbose ; calyx clothed with white tomentum, with ovate- 

 lanceolate segments ; petals obovate, cuneated, entire, connivent, 

 shorter than the calyx ; carpels numerous, pubescent. Tj . H. 

 Native of Europe, in woods and hedges ; plentiful in some parts 

 of Wales and Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. 244-2. Woodv. med. 

 bot. t. 138. Oed. fl. dan. 788. -Blackw. herb. 289. R. fram- 

 baesianus, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 135. Framboisier, Duham. arbr. fr. 

 2. t. 255. f. 260. The raspberry is called framboisier in French, 

 hiinbecreslraiicli in German, and rovo idea in Italian. The stems 

 of the raspberry are biennial, upright, but the root is perennial. 

 The flowers come out in panicles from the extremity of the 

 year's shoots ; they are white, and appear in May and June. 

 It is a native of Britain, and not uncommon in woods in low 

 situations. 



Use. The fruit is grateful to most palates as nature presents 

 it, but sugar improves the flavour ; accordingly it is much es- 

 teemed when made into sweetmeats, and for jams, tarts, and 

 sauces. It is fragrant, subacid, and cooling, allays heat and 

 thirst. It is much used in distilling, to make the cordial spiri- 

 tuous liquor, from which it has its name. Raspberry syrup is 

 next to the strawberry in dissolving the tartar of the teeth, as 

 like that fruit it does not undergo the acetous fermentation in 

 the stomach ; it is recommended to gouty and rheumatic patients. 



The varieties of raspberry are as follow. 



* Red raspberries. 



1 Red Antwerp, Burley, late-bearing Antwerp, Knevett's Ant- 

 werp, framboisier rouge a gros fruit, A red fruit of the first 

 quality. 



2 Barnet, Cornwall's prolific, Cornwall's seedling, Cornwall's 

 red, large red, lord Exmouth's. A very fine large red fruit, of 

 the first quality, but does not bear carriage so well as the red 

 Antwerp. 



3 Bromley-hill. A red fruit of the first quality. 



4 Brentford cane. A second-rate red fruit. 



5 Red cane. A red fruit, of a second-rate quality. 



6 Rough cane. A second-rate red fruit. 



7 Smooth cane. A second-rate red fruit. 



8 Common red, old red, mild red. A worthless red fruit. 



9 Cornish. A red fruit, of the first-rate quality. 



10 Double bearing, red double bearing, perpetual bearing, 

 Siberian, late cane. A red fruit, having the merit of bearing 

 late in the season. 



1 1 Williams' s double bearing red. Resembles the preceding, 

 but seems rather more tender. 



12 Jilliards's seedling. A second rate red fruit. 



1 3 Early prolific. A second-rate red kind. 



14 Red malta. 



15 Spring-grove. A second-rate red sort, but an abundant 

 bearer. 



16 Superb. A second-rate red kind. 



17 Taylor's paragon, scarlet paragon. A second-rate red 

 fruit. 



18 Wilmot's early red. A second-rate red fruit. 



19 Woodward's red globe. A second-rate red kind. 



* * White and yellow raspberries. 



20 Yellow Antwerp, while Antwerp, double bearing yellon. 

 A pale yellow fruit, of the first-rate quality. 



21 Old white. A white fruit, of very inferior quality. 



22 Large white. 



Estimate of sorts. The red and yellow Antwerp may be said 

 to hold the similar rank in this class of fruits as the red and the 

 3 Y 2 



