ROSACES. XXII. ROSA. 



587 



glabrous, fj . H. Native country unknown. Nearly allied to 

 R. rubiginosa ex Tratt. 1. c. 

 Mauksctis Rose. Shrub. 



196 R. ANDRE' WSH (Tratt. ros. 2. p. 205.) fruit elliptic, 

 glabrous ; sepals oblong, quite entire, glabrous ; peduncles and 

 petioles hispid ; stem unarmed ; leaflets somewhat doubly ser- 

 rated, glabrous, glaucescent beneath ; flowers lateral, solitary, 

 deep purple, drooping ; fruit pendulous. Jj . H. Native coun- 

 try unknown. R. inermis, Andr. ros. fasc. 2. Very nearly 

 allied to R. alpiiia. 



Var. j3, debilis (Tratt. 1. c. p. 206.) steins weak, decumbent ; 

 leaflets small, nearly like those of R. spinosissima ; flowers large, 

 twin, very beautiful, between scarlet and blood-coloured. 



Andrews's Rose. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 



197 R. SERAFI'NII (Viviani, add. fl. ital. fragm. and fl. libyc. 

 p. 67. fl. cors. spec. nov. 8.) germens oblong, and are, as well as 

 the peduncles, glabrous ; stem and petioles prickly ; prickles 

 recurved, falcate ; stipulas ovate ; leaflets roundish, doubly ser- 

 rated, with the teeth glandular. J? . H. Native of Corsica, on 

 mount Coscione. 



Scrafin's Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



198 R. GLABRA V TA (Vest, ex Tratt. ros. 2. p. 220.) fruit 

 large, solitary, nearly globose ; peduncles very short ; leaflets 

 roundish-elliptic, decurrent at the base, doubly serrated, quite 

 glabrous on both surfaces, with glandular margins ; prickles scat- 

 tered, usually twin. J? . H. Native of Styria. Allied to R. 

 pimpinellifolia. 



Smoothish Rose. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 



199 R. SI'MPLEX (Scop. fl. earn. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 353. ex 

 Tratt. ros. p. 229.) fruit ovate, glabrous ; leaflets glabrous be- 

 neath ; sepals beset with glandular bristles. Pj . H. Native 

 country unknown. R. Scopoliana, Tratt. 1. c. Allied to R. 

 alplna or cinnanwmea. 



Simple Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



200 R. ORIENTALS (Dupont in litt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 607.) 

 dwarf; stem prickly, glabrous; prickles conical, slender; young 

 branches puberulous ; leaflets roundish, tomentose, serrate- 

 crenated ; fruit globose, hispid ; peduncles tomentose and hispid ; 

 sepals nearly entire. Jj . H. Native of Persia. 



far. a, Oliveriana (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 607.) leaflets 

 very veiny and smoothish beneath ; peduncles puberulous, but 

 not glandular ; fruit glabrous, hispid. Tj . H. Native of Persia. 



Var. ft, Balbisiana (Ser. 1. c.) leaflets hardly veiny, puberu- 

 lous beneath ; peduncles tomentose and hispid ; tube of calyx 

 very hispid and glandular. ^ H. 



Oriental Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 



201 R. VENTENATIA'NA (Red. ros. 3. p. 83. with a figure,) 

 cauline prickles unequal, crowded, straight ; germ finger-shaped, 

 beset with glandular bristles at the base, as well as the pe- 

 duncles ; flowers nearly sessile, fj . H. Native country un- 

 known. 



Ventenat's Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub. 



202 R. CANE'SCENS (Krok. fl. siles. 2. p. 153. no. 784. ex 

 Tratt. ros. 2. p. 226.) fruit nearly globose, and are hispid, as 

 well as the peduncles ; leaflets lanceolate, glabrous on both sur- 

 faces, discoloured, simply serrated ; principal stem nearly un- 

 armed, canescent ; branches prickly and very hispid ; stipulas 

 adnate, very long. Tj . H. Native of Silesia. 



Canescent Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



203 R. KROKE'RI (Tratt. ros. 2. p. 231.) fruit globose, and 

 are, as well as the peduncles, glabrous and unarmed ; leaflets 

 usually 3, elliptic, obtuse, serrated at the apex, clothed with 

 hoary tomentum beneath ; petioles short, involucrated, stipulate ; 

 stem 1 -flowered. J; . H. Native of Silesia. R. pygmae a, 

 Krok. fl. siles. 2. p. 154. in a note. 



Kroker's Rose. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 



204 R. AMBI'GUA (Lejeune. rev. fl. spa. p. 98.) fruit egg- 

 shaped, glabrous, furnished with a few stalked glands ; peduncles 

 glabrous, rarely glandular ; leaflets glabrous on both surfaces, 

 doubly serrated, acuminated ; bracteas and petioles glandularly 

 ciliated, fj H. Native about Verviers. Perhaps a variety of 

 R. canina. 



Ambiguous Rose. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 



205 R. SYLVA'TICA (Tausch, in fl. vol. 2. p. 464. ex Tratt. 

 ros. 1. p. 58.) fruit ovate, and are, as well as the peduncles, his- 

 pid ; flowers cymose ; petioles beset with glandular pili and 

 prickles ; leaflets ovate, acute, unequally and deeply glandularly 

 serrated, pilose beneath ; stems bristly or prickly. Ij . H. 

 Native of Bohemia, in shady places. 



Wood Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



Hixtory. The rose is known by every body at first sight, 

 and has been a favourite flower from time immemorial among 

 the civilized nations of Europe and Asia. The shrub varies in 

 size in different species and varieties, and the colours are red, 

 white, purple, yellow, black, striped, or in almost numberless 

 shades and mixtures, from single to semidouble and double. 

 Roses are cultivated in every garden, from the most humble cot- 

 tage upwards. Some species, as R. cenlifolia, R. damascene, 

 &c. are also cultivated on a large scale by commercial gardeners 

 for distilling rose-water, and for making attar or essential oil of 

 roses. Six pounds of rose petals will impregnate by distillation 

 a gallon of water strongly with its odour ; but a hundred pounds 

 afford hardly half an ounce of attar. The rose is also used in 

 medicine. Botanists are not agreed as to the number of original 

 species of this genus, and notwithstanding the labours of many 

 scientific men the genus still remains a chaos, from which it can 

 never be extricated. We have endeavoured in the foregoing 

 pages to render the species as clear as it is practicable from the 

 present knowledge of the genus. The most scientific work 

 which has appeared upon the subject in England is the " Rosa- 

 rum Monographia," of John Lindley, 1819 ; and Miss Lawrence 

 has published about ninety plates of " A Collection of Roses 

 from Nature," 1810. In France Guillemeau has published 

 " Histoire Naturelle de la Rose," 1800, and P. J. Redoute and 

 C. A. Thory have published a splendid work in folio, entituled 

 " Les Roses," containing plates of both species and varieties. 

 C. A. Thory has published a separate tract on the culture of 

 roses, entitled " Prodrome de la Monagraphie du genre Rosier," 

 &c. 1820. M. A. Pronville a " Nomenclature Raisonnee", in 

 1818. J. Sabine has given an account of Scotch roses in Hort. 

 trans. 4. p. 231. Many varieties of the rose are yearly raised 

 from seeds in the nurseries. 



Varieties are raised from seed on the continent, where the 

 seed ripens better than in this country. A number of varieties 

 have also been raised in this country, especially of the R . spino- 

 sl-isima or Scotch-rose. New varieties are raised in France and 

 Italy annually. L. Villaresi, royal gardener at Monza, has 

 raised upwards of 50 varieties of R. I'ndica, some of them are 

 quite black, others shaped like a ranunculus, and many of them 

 highly odoriferous. Ample lists of the varieties are given under 

 their proper species. 



Propagation. By seed for new varieties, and chiefly by- 

 layers for continuing approved sorts. They are also increased 

 by budding, cuttings, and suckers. 



By seed. The hips containing the seeds are obtained from 

 semidouble and single flowers, and to increase the chance of new 

 varieties, these should be taken from plants that have been 

 planted among or near to the kinds of which a cross is desired. 

 Extracting the stamens from one flower, and dusting the 

 stigmas with the pollen of another kind, might answer in most 

 4 F 2 



