ROSACES. XXII. ROSA. XXIII. AMOREUXIA. SANGUISORBE^E. 



589 



all the cultivated roses, and especially the double flowering 

 kinds, require a rich loamy soil, inclining to clay rather than 

 sand, and they require also, like most double flowers, plenty of 

 moisture when in a growing state. 



General culture.- To produce strong flowering roses requires 

 some attention in pruning; old wood should be yearly cut out, 

 and the young shoots thinned and shortened, according to their 

 strength, and whether number or magnitude of flowers be wanted. 

 Those sorts which throw out numerous suckers, should be taken 

 up every three or four years, reduced, and replanted, and most 

 sorts, excepting the standards, will be improved by the practice, 

 provided attention be paid to remove a part of the old soil and 

 replace it by new. The points of the shoots of the more deli- 

 cate sorts of roses are very apt to die when pruning is performed 

 in winter or spring ; to avoid the consequences of this evil, 

 many give a second pruning in June, or do not prune the tender 

 sorts at all till the beginning of that month. A very good time 

 for performing the operation is immediately after the bloom is 

 over, cutting out old exhausted wood, shortening shoots which 

 have flowered, to a good bud, accompanied with a healthy leaf, 

 but leaving such shoots as are still in a growing state till Oc- 

 tober. Where very large roses are wanted, all the buds, except 

 on that of the extreme point of each shoot, should be pinched 

 off as soon as they make their appearance, and the plant libe- 

 ral!)' supplied with water. To lessen evaporation, and keep up 

 a constant moisture at the roots of their roses, the Paris gar- 

 deners generally mulch them with half rotten stable dung or 

 partially rotten leaves. 



Forwarding and retarding roses. The earliest flowering rose 

 is the monthly, which in mild seasons and planted against a wall, 

 will sometimes flower in the beginning of April ; the roses next 

 in succession are the cinnamon, which flowers in May, the damask, 

 in the end of May or beginning of June ; the blush, York, and 

 Lancaster, Protiiis', and Dutch hundred-leaved, in June, July, 

 and August. The Virginia and musk roses are the latest Euro- 

 pean sorts ; they flower in September, and in shaded situations 

 will sometimes continue in bloom till the middle of October ; but 

 the earliest rose (the monthly), is also the latest, and generally 

 continues flowering till interrupted by frost. The earliest sorts 

 may be materially forwarded by being planted against a south 

 wall, and if portable sashes be placed before them, and the wall 

 is either flued or heated by (ires, or a lining of dung placed 

 behind, the plants may be brought to flower in February or 

 March. The monthly rose, being protected by glass in autumn, 

 or aided by artificial heat, may be continued in bloom till Christ- 

 mas. A very common mode of obtaining late roses, and one of 

 the greatest antiquity, is by cutting all the flower shoots ofF when 

 the buds begin to appear, or by rubbing off all the rudiments 

 of shoots of every kind early in the spring ; a second crop is in 

 consequence produced, which will not be in a state to bloom 

 before the autumn. 



Forcing the rose. The best sorts for this purpose are the 

 common and moss Provence. The Indian sorts force well, or 

 rather in stoves continue in bloom all the year ; but the com- 

 moner varieties not being fragrant, they are in less repute than 

 the European roses. Rose plants should be a year in pots pre- 

 viously to the autumn when it is intended to force them ; they 

 should be planted in pots 6 or 8 inches in diameter, in rich loam, 

 and plunged in an open airy situation, their flower-buds pinched 

 off as they appear, and the plants put into a state of rest, by- 

 excluding the sun and rain, but not a free circulation of air. 

 Abercrombie says, " There is no certainty of obtaining a fine 

 blow of roses in the depth of winter by the most expensive 

 artifices of forcing ; and yet fine flowers may be produced early 

 in the spring by any ordinary stove, put in operation in Decem- 

 ber. When the plants are first introduced, keep the air of the 



house about 55, never letting it fluctuate to more than 2 or 3 

 degrees below the above. In the second week, aim at .60 as the 

 standard; in the third week (55. When a month has nearly 

 elapsed, begin to increase the heat gradually to 70, having 

 brought it to this standard, let it afterwards exceed it from 3 to 

 5 degrees rather than sink below. A succession may be kept 

 up by introducing some pots every 8 or 10 days. 



Insects. All the species of Rosa are very liable to the attacks 

 of insects, especially of the aphides ; some, particularly the briar 

 and Scotch rose, are attacked by the cynips rosae, which by punc- 

 turing the bark, occasions the production of rose-galls, and of 

 those massy tufts often seen on wild roses, which were formerly 

 known under the name of bedequar, and used in medicine. A great 

 number of insects seem fond of the flowers of roses, from the 

 earwig to the seemingly harmless lady-bird, which deposits its 

 larvae in the leaves of various species, both wild and cultivated. 

 There seems no remedy for insects on plants in the open air so 

 simple and effectual as gathering them by hand, or removing the 

 leaf or that part of the shoot which is infected by them. Under 

 cover tobacco smoke will prove an effectual remedy for the 

 aphides; but the larvae of many others, and especially of the 

 tipula, and the tenthredinidce, which occasion the wrapping up 

 and shrivelling of the leaves, can only be removed by hand. 



f A genus allied to Rosacece. 



XXIII. AMOREU'XIA (this genus is dedicated by Sesse and 

 Mocino to P. J. Amoreux, a botanist of Montpelier). Moc. et 

 Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 638. Genus nova, 

 Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb. 



LIN. SYST. Icosdndria, Monogynla. Calyx 5-parted, with 

 a short tube, and oblong, acute lobes. Petals 5, obtuse and 

 emarginate at the apex, larger than the calyx, and inserted in its 

 base. Stamens about 20, disposed in one series, shorter than the 

 petals. Ovary ovate, free, 3-celled, many-ovulate. Style fili- 

 form, acute. Capsule ovate. A herb, with alternate, bistipu- 

 late, palmatifid leaves on long petioles, having the lobes serrated 

 at the apex, and joined together at the base by a foliaceous 

 membrane. Peduncles solitary, opposite the leaves, or nearly 

 terminal, 1 -flowered, inflexed at the apex. Flowers large, red. 

 Habit of Neurada or Dnjas, but the characters are not suf- 

 ficiently known to determine which of the genera it comes nearest. 



1 A. PALMATI'FIDA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.). 7. ? 

 G. Native of Mexico. 



Palmalifid-lcaved Amoreuxia. PI. trailing. 



Cult. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat, will probably suit 

 this plant, and cuttings will perhaps root if planted in sand or 

 mould, with a hand-glass placed over them. 



ORDER LXXXIV. SANGUISO'RBE^ (plants agreeing with 

 Sanguisorba in important characters). Lindl. introd. nat. ord. 

 p. 80. Rosaceae, Tribe VI. Sanguisorbeae, Juss. gen. p. 336. 

 exclusive of some genera. D. C. prod. 2. p. 588. 



Flowers usually unisexual from abortion. Calyx with a 

 thickened tube (f. 78. a.) and a 3 (f. 80. a.) -4 (f. 7D. b. f. 77. 6.) 

 -5-lobed limb, its tube lined with the disk. Petals none. Sta- 

 mens definite, sometimes fewer than the segments of the calyx, 

 with which they are alternate, arising from the orifice of the 

 calyx ; anthers 2-celled, innate, bursting longitudinally, occa- 

 sionally 1 -celled, and bursting transversely. Ovary solitary, 

 simple, with the style proceeding from the apex at the base. 

 Ovulum solitary, always attached to that part of the ovaries 

 which is next the base of the style. Stigma compound or 



