SANGUISORBE^E. IX. CLIFFORTIA. POMACE^E. 



.597 



two opposite leaflets without any middle one). D. C. prod. 2. 

 p. 596. Slipulas small. Leaves of 2 opposite leaflets from the 

 middle one being abortive, lateral ones large. Petiole wanting. 



25 C. CRENA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 430.) leaflets 2-3, orbicular, 

 adpressed, denticulated, 7-nerved, glabrous. \ . G. Perhaps 

 belonging to the preceding section. 



CVenate-leaved Cliffortia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1791. Sh. 

 2 to 3 feet. 



26 C. PULCHE'LLA (Lin. fil. suppl. 430.) leaflets 2, orbicular, 

 adpressed, many-nerved, entire, with somewhat erose margins. 

 T? . G. Willd. spec. 4. p. 839. 



Neat Cliffortia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1^ ft. 



27 C. CINE' RE A (Thunb. prod. p. 93.) leaflets connate, ovate, 

 trigonal, hoary-tomentose. I? . G. Perhaps belonging to a 

 different section. 



Grey Cliffortia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 feet. 



Cult. The species of Cliffortia are plants of singular habit, 

 and only deserve to be cultivated on that account. They thrive 

 well in an equal mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings of young 

 wood root freely in sand, under a bell-glass. 



ORDER LXXXV. POMA'CE^E (this order contains trees 

 agreeing in important characters with the apple and pear}. Juss. 

 gen. p. 334. Rich. anal. fr. p. 33. Lindl. Lin. trans. 13. p. 93. 

 introd. nat. ord. p. 83. Rosaceae, Tribe VIII. Pomacese, D. C. 

 prod. 2. p. 626. 



Calyx superior, 5-toothed (f. 83. a. f. 84. a.), the odd seg- 

 ment posterior. Petals 5 (f. 83. b. f. 84./.), unguiculate, in- 

 serted in the throat of the calyx, the odd one anterior. Stamens 

 indefinite, inserted in a ring in the throat of the calyx (f. 83. e. 

 f. 84. &.). Ovaries from 1-5 (f. 82. e. f. 83. c.), adhering more 

 or less to the sides of the calyx (f. 83, c.) and to each other. 

 Ovula usually 2, collateral, ascending, very rarely solitary. 

 Styles from 1-5 (f. 82. c/.), having simple stigmas. Fruit a pome, 

 1-5-celled (f. 81. a. f. 82. d. f. 84. g.~), seldom spuriously 

 10-celled, with the endocarp either cartilaginous, spongy, 

 or bony. Seeds ascending, solitary. Albumen none. Embryo 

 erect, with flat cotyledons or convolute ones as in Chamizmelis, 

 and a short, conical radicle. This order is composed of trees 

 or shrubs, with alternate, stipulate, simple, or compound leaves, 

 and terminal cymes of white or pink flowers. Pomacece is 

 closely allied to Rosaccce, from which it differs in the adhesion 

 of the ovarium to the sides of the calyx, and more or less with 

 each other. Their fruit is always a pome, that is, it is made up 

 of a fleshy calyx, adhering to fleshy or bony ovaria, containing 

 a definite number of seeds. Pomitceae is peculiarly distinguished 

 by their ovula being in pairs and side by side, while Rosacece, 

 when they have 2 or more ascending ovula, always have them 

 placed one above another. Cultivated plants of this order are 

 apt to produce monstrous flowers, which sometimes depart in a 

 remarkable degree from their normal group. Prusssic acid 

 exists in Cotoneaster microphylla, a plant of this order. The 

 fruit as an article of food, and the flowers for their beauty, are 

 the chief peculiarities of this order. The apple, the pear, the 

 medlar, the quince, the service, the rowan-tree, the mountain-ash, 

 are all well known, either for their beauty or their use. The 

 wood of the ^ear-tree is almost as hard as box, for which it is 



even substituted by wood engravers. The timber of the bean- 

 tree (Pyrus A^ria) is invaluable for axle-trees. The bark of 

 Photmia dubia is used for dyeing scarlet in Nipaul. Malic acid 

 is contained in considerable quantities in apples; it is also almost 

 the sole acidifying principle of the berries of the mountain -ash, 

 the ronan or rhodon-tree (Pyrus Aucuporia). 



Synopsis of the genera. 



1 CRAIVE'GUS. Calyx urceolate, 5-clef't. Petals orbicular. 

 Ovarium 2-5-celled. Styles 2-5, glabrous. Pome fleshy, ovate, 

 containing a bony putamen. 



2 RAPIIIO'LEPIS. Limb of calyx funnel-shaped, deciduous. 

 Ovary 2-celled, 2- styled. Pome with a thickened closed disk 

 and a chartaceous putamen, containing 2 gibbous seeds. 



3 CHAM/EME'LIS. Calyx truncate, with 5 little teeth. Petals 

 small, erose. Stamens 10-15. Ovary 1-celled. Style 1. Ovula 

 2, erect. 



4 PHOTI'NIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals reflexed. Ovary 

 villous, 2-celled. Styles 2, glabrous. Pericarp 2-celled, in- 

 closed in the fleshy calyx. 



5 ERIOBO'TRVA. Calyx woolly, 5-toothed. Petals bearded. 

 Styles 5, pilose, inclosed. Pome closed, 3-5-celled (f. 81. a.}. 



6 COTONEA'STER. Flowers polygamous. Calyx turbinate, 

 bluntly 5-toothed. Petals short. Stamens length of the caly- 

 cine teeth. Styles glabrous, shorter than the stamens. Car- 

 pels 2-3, parietal, biovulate, inclosed in the calyx. 



7 AMELA'NCHIER. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 82. c.). Petals lanceo- 

 late (f. 82. a.). Stamens rather shorter than the calyx. Ovary 

 of 10 cells or of 5 bipartite ones (f. 82. e.), with a solitary ovu- 

 lum in each partition. Styles 5 (f. 82. rf.), joined at the base. 

 Mature pome 3-5-celled (f. 82. d.). Seeds 3-5 ; endocarp car- 

 tilaginous. 



8 ME'SPILUS. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 83. a.) ; the segments iblia- 

 ceous. Petals nearly orbicular (f. 83. b.). Disk large, filled 

 with honey. Styles 2-5, glabrous. Pome turbinate, open at 

 the apex, 5 -celled ; endocarp bony. 



9 OSTEOME'LIS. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals oblong. Styles ex- 

 serted, length of stamens, bearded below. Ovary 5-celled ; 

 cells 1 -seeded. Pome closed, woolly; endocarp bony. 



10 PY'RUS. Calyx urceolate, 5-lobed. Petals roundish. 

 Styles usually 5, rarely 2-3. Pome closed, 5-celled ; cells car- 

 tilaginous. Seeds 2 in each cell. 



11 CYDONIA. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 84. a.). Petals orbicular (f. 

 84./.). Styles 5. Pome closed, 5-celled (f. 84. #.). Cells 

 cartilaginous, many-seeded. Seeds covered with pulp. 



t Genera doubtful whether they belong to the present order. 



12 DICA'LYX. Flowers superior, 2-3-bracteate. Calyx 5- 

 cleft. Corolla 4-parted. Stamens inserted in the base of the 

 corolla. Styles 2. Drupe baccate, containing a 1-3-celled 

 putamen. 



13 PYRENA V RIA. Calyx inferior, 5-sepalled. Stamens nume- 

 rous, free, hypogynous and somewhat adnate to the base of the 



