652 



CALYC ANTHER. I. CALYCANTHUS. II. CHIMONANTHUS. 



the throat of the calyx ; the inner ones sterile. Anthers adnate, 

 bursting longitudinally outwardly by 2 cells. Carpels numerous 

 (f. 85. &.), inserted on the inside of the tube of the calyx, as in 

 Rosa, 1 -celled, biovulate, only one of the ovula coming to maturity, 

 and therefore 1 -seeded from abortion. Styles terminal, distinct, 

 exserted from the tube of the calyx : stigmas simple. Carpels 

 of akenia inclosed in the fleshy tube of the calyx, 1 -seeded ; the 

 pericarp rather corneous. Seed conformed to the cavity of the 

 akenia, ascending, having the hylum nearly opposite the cicatrice 

 of the pericarp. Embryo exalbuminous, straight, with convo- 

 lute cotyledons, and an inferior radicle. This order is composed 

 of beautiful hardy early-flowering shrubs, with simple, exstipu- 

 late, scabrous, feather-nerved leaves. Flowers yellowish, sweet- 

 scented, or lurid purple, hermaphrodite, solitary, pedicellate, 

 terminal, or in the axils of the leaves of the present or pre- 

 ceding year. The wood, leaves, and flowers of Calycanthus 

 Jloridus have a scent resembling the quince, hence it is called 

 American allspice. Calycanthece agrees with Rosacece in the 

 carpels or akenia being inserted in the inner sides of the calyx 

 as in Rosa, and with Granatece in the opposite leaves, and in 

 the convolute cotyledons of the embryo ; in this last respect it 

 also agrees with Combretacece. Calycanthece differs from Ro- 

 sacece and Pomdcece in the form of the embryo, and from Gra- 

 natece in the form and imbricate aestivation of the calyx. It 

 differs from both the last-mentioned orders in the absence of 

 petals, in the numerous lobes of the calyx, and in the anthers 

 bursting outwardly. 



Synopsis of the genera. 



1 CALYCA'NTHUS. Lobes of calyx disposed in many series, 

 lanceolate, coriaceous, coloured. Stamens deciduous, 12 outer 

 ones fertile. 



2 CHIMONA'NTHUS. Lobes of calyx oval, obtuse, outer ones 

 form of bracteas. Stamens permanent, 5 outer ones fertile. 



I. CALYCA'NTHUS (from KaXvl-,, calyx, a calyx; andavfloe, 

 anthos, a flower ; in reference to the calyx being coloured, and 

 appearing like a corolla). Lindl. hot. reg. no. 404. Nees. nov. 

 act. bonn. 11. p. 107. Buttneria, Duham. arbr. 1. p. 114. but 

 not of Lin Beurreria, Ehret, pict. t. 13. Basteria, Adans. 

 fam. 2. p. 294 Pompadoura, Buchoz. Calycanthus species, 

 Lin. Lam. Willd. 



LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Polygynla. Lobes of calyx disposed 

 in many series (f. 88. a. d.), imbricate, lanceolate, all somewhat 

 coriaceous and coloured. Stamens unequal, deciduous, 12 outer 

 ones fertile. Akenia numerous (f. 85. &.). Shrubs, natives of 

 North America, with brachiate branches ; and terminal and 

 axillary flowers, rising after leaves, of a lurid purple colour ; 

 they are sweet-scented as well as the bark and leaves. 



1 C. FLORipus (Lin. spec. 718.) leaves ovate, downy beneath 

 as well as the branchlets. Tj . H. Native of Carolina, on the 

 shady banks of rivulets. Curt. hot. mag. t. 503. Duham. arb. 

 1. t. 45. Lam. ill. t. 445. f. 1. Guimp. abb. holz. t. 4. C. 

 sterilis, Walt, car. 151. Mill. fig. t. 60. Branches spreading. 

 Wood and roots smelling strong of camphor. Flowers usually 

 sterile, with a sweet apple scent. Fruit turbinate. 



Var. a, oblongus ; leaves oblong. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 

 3. p. 282. 



Ait. 1. c. 

 Fl. May, Aug. 



FIG. 



Clt. 



Var. ft, ovatus ; leaves roundish-ovate. 

 Florid or Common American Allspice 

 1726. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



2 C. FE'RTILIS (Walt. car. p. 

 151.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu- 

 minated, glaucous and pubescent 

 beneath. (7 . H. Native of Ca- 

 rolina, on the mountains. Lindl. 

 bot. reg. t. 404. Guimp. abb. 

 holz. t. 5. C. glaucus, Willd. 

 enum. p. 559. D. C. prod. 3. 

 p. 2. Andr. bot. rep. 539. Flowers 

 fertile, of a lurid purple colour, but 

 with very little scent (f. 85.). 



Var. /3, oblongifolius (Nutt. 

 gen.amer. 1. p. 312.) leavesovate- 

 lanceolate, elongated. 17 . H. Na- 

 tive on the mountains of North 

 Carolina. 



Fertile-fiowered American All- 

 spice. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1726. 



3 C. L/EVIGA V TUS (Willd. enum. 



leaves oblong or ovate, gradually acuminated, rather wrinkled, 

 and rough to the touch on the upper surface, but glabrous and 

 green beneath. Pj . H. Native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and 

 Carolina, on the mountains. Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 358. 

 Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 312. Guimp. abb. holz. t. C. Lindl. 

 bot. reg. 481. C. ferax, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 305. 

 Branches strictly erect. Flowers lurid purple, hardly sweet- 

 scented ? C. Pennsylvanicus, Lodd. cat. ex Lond. hort. brit. 

 p. 214. 



Smooth American Allspice. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806. Sh. 

 3 to 6 feet. 



Cult. These shrubs are well worth growing for the exquisite 

 scent of their blossoms, resembling that of ripe apples or 

 quinces ; they all grow best in peat borders, although they will 

 grow in any kind of soil, but not so freely as in peat. They 

 are usually increased by layers, put down in the summer. 



Shrub 4 to 6 feet, 

 p. 559. hort. berol. 



t. 80.) 



II. CHIMONA'NTHUS (from KI^V, cheimon, winter, and 

 ai/0oj, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the time of flowering, 

 which is from December to February). Lindl. bot. reg. no. 

 404. and 451. D. C. prod. 3. p. 2 Meratia, Nees. in nov. 

 act. bonn. 11. p. 107. Calycanthus species of Lin. 



LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Polygynia. Lobes of calyx imbri- 

 cate, oval, obtuse ; outer ones in the form of bracteas ; inner ones 

 larger and appearing like a corolla. Stamens nearly equal, per- 

 manent, the 5 outer ones fertile, connate at the base, at matu- 

 rity. -Shrubs, with the flowers rising before the leaves, in the 

 axils of the leaves of the preceding year. Flowers very sweet- 

 scented, yellowish, but purplish inside. Bark and leaves with- 

 out scent. 



1 C. FRA'GRANS (Lindl. bot. reg. 404.). ^ . H. Native of 

 Japan. Calycanthus prae'cox, Lin. spec. 718. Ait. hort. kew. 

 ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 220. t. 10. Curt. bot. mag. t. 466. Lam. ill. 

 t. 445. f. 2. Meratia fragrans, Nees. 1. c. 



Var. J3, grandiflora (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 451.) flowers larger and 

 more spreading. Perhaps a proper species, for the fruit of C. 

 fragrans is lageniform, thicker above the base, and tapering at 

 the apex into a long neck, but in the present plant, according to 

 the figure, the fruit is oblong and tapering to the base. 



Var. y, lutcus ; flowers yellow, both inside and outside. 

 Fragrant Winter-flower. Fl. Dec. Feb. 1766. Sh. C feet. 



Cult. The delightful fragrance of the blossoms, makes the 

 C. fragrans and its varieties desirable objects in all collections. 



