RHIZOPHORE/E. I. OLISBEA. II. RHIZOPHORA. 



673 



roots, from the flowing and ebbing of the tide. The bark of 

 Rhizophora, which is very astringent, is used in India for dyeing 

 black. 



Synopsis of the genera. 

 <j 1. A genus having its calyx in the form of a calyptra. 



1 OLI'SBEA. Calyx undivided before the expansion of the 

 flower, but afterwards separating transversely, in one piece. 

 Petals 5. Stamens 10. 



2. Rhizophorece verce. Tube of calyx adhering to the 

 ovarium (f. 92. a.). 



2 RHIZO'PHORA. Limb of calyx 4-13-lobed. Petals equal 

 in number to the lobes of the calyx. Stamens double the num- 

 ber of the petals. 



3 CARA'LLIA. Limb of calyx 6-7-lobed (f. 92. e.). Petals 

 6-7 (f. 92. c.). Stamens twice the number of the petals (f. 92. d.). 



3. A genus with the calyx free from the ovarium. 



4 CASSIPOU'REA. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Petals 3, 

 fringed. Stamens 20-40. 



1. An intermediate genus between the orders Memecylece 

 and Rhizophorece, having a calyptriform calyx. 



I. OLI'SBEA (from o\r/3oc, olisbos, penis coriaceous ; in re- 

 ference to the consistence of the anthers). D. C. prod. 3. p. 31. 



LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx closed, ovate, 

 acute, undivided before the expansion of the flower, but after- 

 wards bursting transversely, and falling off in one piece. Petals 

 5. Stamens 10; anthers rather incurved, opening by a longi- 

 tudinal chink. Style filiform. Fruit and seeds unknown. Shrub 

 quite glabrous. Leaves oval, opposite, entire, acuminated, opaque, 

 coriaceous, furnished with a longitudinal nerve, but without any 

 lateral veins. Stipulas supra-axillary, connate at the base, and 

 sheathing. Peduncles axillary, opposite, 1 -flowered, articulated 

 in the middle. This is a very doubtful but very singular genus, 

 in the stipulas and habit being that of Rhizophora, the form of 

 the anthers that of Mouriria, and the calyx that of Calyptran- 

 this or Conostegia, but from all very different. 



1 O. RHizoi'ORjEFoi.iA (D. C. 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of the 

 West Indies, particularly in St. Vincent, where it is probably 

 cultivated only in the botanic garden. 



Rhizophora-leaved Olisbea. Tree. 



Cult. See Carallia for culture and propagation, p. 674. 



2. Rhizophorece veree. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovary. 



II. RHIZO'PHORA (pia, rhiza, a root, and tyopfo, phoreo, 

 to bear ; the species of this genus throw out roots from the 

 branches in great abundance, which lengthen out until they fix 

 themselves in the mud, and consequently one tree may, by these 

 supports, spread over a large space, as every branch is supported 

 by itsown roots). Lin. gen. no. 592. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 212. 

 t. 45. D. C. prod. 3. p. 31. Rhizophora and Bruguiera, Lam. 

 diet, et ill. t. 396. and 397. 



LIN. SYST. Tetra-Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx 

 obovate, adhering to the ovarium ; limb with 4-13, oblong-linear, 

 permanent lobes. Petals equal in number to the lobes of the 

 calyx, oblong, furnished with 2 awns at the apex, convolute, 

 and when young clasping the stamens, of which two are situated 

 in the front of each petal, the stamens are therefore double the 



VOL. II. 



number of the petals. Anthers erect, ovate, inserted by the 

 base. Ovarium 2-celled, when young containing many pendu- 

 lous ovula. Style 1, bifid at the apex. Fruit indehiscent, 1- 

 seeded, crowned by the calyx. Seed small. Embryo inverted, 

 germinating in the seed, with the radicle gradually lengthening 

 out until it fixes itself in the mud. Glabrous shrubs, growing in 

 great abundance on the shores of the sea and rivers within the 

 tropics, throwing out numerous roots from every branch. Leaves 

 opposite, coriaceous, quite entire. Peduncles axillary. 



* Flowers ^-petalled. Mangles, Plum. gen. t. 1 5. 



1 R. MA'NGLE (Lin. spec. 634.) leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse ; 

 peduncles 2-3-flowered, longer than the petioles ; fruit subulately 

 clavate. Jj . S. Native of Louisiana, Mexico, West Indies, 

 Guiana, Brazil, and west coast of Africa, on the shores of the 

 sea and rivers. Jacq. amer. p. 141. t. 89. ed. pict. t. 132. 

 Catesb. car. 2. t. 63. Plench. icon. t. 359. Flowers octan- 

 drous, pale yellow. P. Browne says the fruit germinates within 

 the cup, and grows from the top downwards until it acquires a 

 due degree of weight and perfection ; then it falls off", and as the 

 root is always the thickest, and hangs lowest, it drops in that 

 direction, and is thus received in its natural position in the mud 

 below, the leaves are immediately unfolded, and in a few minutes 

 a perfect plant is seen, sometimes of 2 or 3 feet long, which soon 

 begins to shoot its roots and push its growth like the parent 

 plant. The lower branches frequently become the supporters of 

 some species of oysters, which has given rise to the fabulous 

 account of this shell-fish on trees as a fruit. The bark is most 

 excellent for tanning leather. The decoction of it is a most 

 powerful astringent. The wood is tough and durable. 



Mangle or Common Mangrove. Clt. 1820. Tr. 12 to 15ft. 



2 R. CANDELA'RIA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 32.) leaves oval, acute ; 

 peduncles 1-3-flowered, very short and thickish ; fruit subulately 

 clavate. Jj . S. Native of Malabar and the Moluccas, on the 

 shores of the sea and rivers. Pee-kandel, Rheed. mal. 6. t. 

 34. Mangium candalarium, Rumph. amb. 3. t. 71. and t. 72. 

 The flowers are at first white, but at length changing to reddish, 

 according to Rheede. Stamens 9-12. Perhaps this species is 

 not different from R. Mangle. 



Chandelier or Malabar Mangrove. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 



3 R. RACEMOSA (Meyer, prim, esseq. 185.) leaves obovate- 

 oblong or obovate ; racemes axillary, dichotomously panicled. 

 ^ . S. Native on the shores of Guiana, near the Essequibo. 

 Petals copper-coloured, pilose. 



Racemose-flowered Mangrove. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 



4 R. MUCRONA'TA (Lam. diet. 6. p. 169. ill. t. 396. f.2.) leaves 

 oval, abruptly acuminated ; racemes nodding, dichotomous. 

 fj.S. Native of the Mauritius. Petals oblong, obtuse ? Sta- 

 mens 8. Ovary 4-sided, ex Poir. 



Mucronate-leaved Mangrove. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 



* * Flowers of 5 petals. Kandelia (from Tsjerou-Candel, 

 the Malabar name of R. Candel). 



5 R. CA'NDEL(Lin. spec. 634.) leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, 

 on short petioles ; peduncles twice bifid, much longer than the 

 petioles, t; . S. Native of Malabar, in muddy places on the 

 sea-shore. Tsjerou-Candel, Rheed. mal. 6. t. 35. Flowers 

 whitish. Sepals spreading, somewhat reflexed. Stamens 10- 

 15, exserted. Fruit cylindrical, long, acute. 



Candel Mangrove. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 



6 R. TIMORIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 32.) leaves oval, obtuse, 

 on long petioles ; peduncles length of petioles, bearing 10-15 

 flowers in a head. Pj . S. Native of Timor. Leaves 2 to 2^ 

 inches long. Petioles 6-12 lines long. Flowers crowded. Lobes 

 of calyx 5, oblong, stiff". Petals 5, biaristate at the apex, when 

 young convolute and clasping 2 stamens each. 



4 R 



