HALORAGE^E. VII. CALLITRICHE. VIII. HIPPURIS. CERATOPHYLLE/E. I. CERATOPHYLLUM. 



70,5 



FIG. 104. 



broad, short, emarginate. Q. W. H. Native of North Ame- 

 rica, in marshes and on the borders of rivers, especially in New 

 Jersey. Torrey, fl. un. st. 1. p. 4. C. brevifolia, Pursh, fl. 

 amer. sopt. 1 . p. :>. Plant procumbent, diffuse. 



Ground Water-starwort. PI. proc. 



Cull. The species of CalKtrieke are not worth cultivating. 

 The seeds only require to be thrown in a pond of water, or the 

 plants may be planted in it. 



Tribe III. 



HIPPURI'DE.<E (plants agreeing with Hi/.purisin important 

 characters). Link, enum. hort. berl. 1. p. 5. Limb of calyx 

 small, entire. Petals wanting. Stamen 1 (f. 104. e.). Fruit nu- 

 camentaceous (f. 104. <i), 1 -celled, 1-seeded. Aquatic herbs, with 

 whorls of narrow leaves and whorls of axillary sessile flowers. 



VIII. HIPPU'RIS (from iw-n-oc, hippos, a horse, and ovpa, 

 nura, a tail; resemblance in stem from the crowded whorls 

 of very narrow hair-like leaves). Lin. gen. no. 11. Lam. 

 ill. t. 5. Gaertn. fruct. 2. t. 84. Juss. ann. mus. 3. t. 30. f. 3. 

 D. C. prod. 3. p. 71. Pinastella, Dill. nov. gen. 168. 



LIN. SYST. Monandria, Monogynia. Style filiform (f. 104. _/.), 

 received into the furrow of the anther (f. 104. e.). Fruit 

 crowned by the limb of the calyx. Flowers usually hermaphro- 

 dite, but sometimes are found female and neuter from abortion. 



1 H. VULGA'RIS (Lin. spec. p. 

 3.) leaves linear, many in a whorl, 

 usually from 6-12. I/. W. H. 

 Native throughout Europe and 

 North America, in ditches and 

 lakes, in muddy places among 

 grass and weeds. CEder. fl. dan. 

 t. 87. Smith, engl. bot. t. 763. 

 Drev. et Heyne, pi. cur. t. 93. 

 Poit. fl. par. 1. t. 1. According 

 to Torrey in fl. un. st. 1. p. 2. 

 the Pennsylvanian and Canadian 

 plant does not differ from the 

 European, but the Hudson's Bay 

 one is probably distinct accord- 

 ing to Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. 

 p. 774. and is probably the H. 

 polyphylla of Rafin. fl. lud. p. 

 13. Root creeping much. 



Far. ft, Jluviatilis (Hoffm. fl. germ. 3. p. 1.) leaves longer, 

 and membranous. if.. W. H. Native of deep water, from 

 which it hardly emerges. H. alopecurus, Brouss. cat. hort. 

 monsp. 1804. Compare D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 415. 



Common Marestail. Fl. May, June. Britain. PL 1 foot. 



2 H. MONTA'NA (Ledeb. in Rchb. icon. bot. 1. t. 86. no. 181.) 

 plant weak; leaves 7 in a whorl, linear, acute. 3. W. H. Na- 

 tive of the island of Unalaschka, in ditches and lakes. H. 

 Escholzii, Cham, in litt. Habit of a species of Galium. Per- 

 haps only a variety of H. vulgaris. 



Mountain Marestail. PL ^ foot. 



3 H. MARI'TIMA (Hellen. diss. with a figure,) leaves linear, 

 obtuse, 4 in the lower whorls, and 5-7 in the upper whorls. T . 

 W. H. Native of Sweden and Finland, &c. in salt water. 

 Horn. fl. dan. t. 1261. Rchb. t. 86. f. 182. H. lanceolata, Retz, 

 obs. 3. p. 7. t. 1. H. tetraphylla, Lin. fil. suppl. 81. The 

 leaves are much shorter and a little broader than those of //. 

 vulgdris. 



Maritime Marestail. PL 1 foot. 



Cult. Not worth cultivating unless in botanical gardens. 

 The species should be grown in ponds or cisterns of water, if 

 cultivated. 



ORDER XCV. CERATOPHY'LLE^E (plants agreeing with 



VOL. II. 



Ceralopltjjllum in important characters). Gray. brit. pi. 2. p. 

 554. D. C. prod. 3. p. 73. 



Flowers monoecious. Calyx or perigone free, many-parted 

 (10-12); lobes equal. Petals none. Male. Stamens 12-20; 

 filaments wanting ; anthers ovate-oblong, 2-celled, sessile, and 

 crowded in the centre of the calyx, furnished each with 2 (f. 

 105. d.} -3 points. Female. Ovary free, ovate, 1 -celled. Stigma 

 sessile, filiform, incurved, oblique (f. 105. e.). Nut 1 -celled, 

 1-seeded (f. 105. l>.), indehiscent, terminated by the hardened 

 style. Seeds pendulous. Albumen none. Embryo straight, 

 with a superior radicle, 1- cotyledons in a whorl, which are alter- 

 nately smaller, and a many-leaved plumule. Floating herbs, 

 with whorls of multifid cellular leaves (f. 105. f.); the segments 

 filiform, and serrated along the edges. 



This is a very distinct order, but whose proper station in the 

 natural system is not well known. It agrees with Con/ferce in 

 the many-whorled cotyledons, but the habit is wholly different. 

 In habit it agrees with Myriophyllmn on the one hand, and on 

 the other with Hippuris, and in many characters with the last, 

 especially in the want of petals, in the 1 -celled ovary, in the 

 nucamentaceous fruit, in the solitary pendulous seed, as well as 

 in habit, from the leaves being in whorls, from the axillary ses- 

 sile, usually unisexual flowers, and in its habitat, but differs in 

 the free ovarium and the many cotyledons. 



I. CERATOPHY'LLUM (from K cpa , keras, a horn, and 

 <j>v\\oi', phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the leaves being 

 branched, like a stag's horn). Lin. gen. no. 1055. Gaertn. fruct. 

 1. p. 211. t. 44. Lam. ill. t. 775. Schkuhr, handb. 3. p. 254. t. 

 297. Hydroceratophy'llum, Vaill. act. pan 1719. t. 2. f. 2. 

 Dichotophyllum, Dill. gen. p. 91. t. 3. 



LIN. SYST. Moncecia, Polyandria. The character is the samt- 

 as that of the order, being the only genus. 



1 C. DEME'RSUM (Lin. spec. 

 1 409.) fruit armed with 3 spines, 

 which are unequal, 1 terminal, and 

 2 lateral (f. 1 05. e. rf.) ; segments 

 of the calyx notched at the ex- 

 tremity, y.. W. H. Native of 

 Europe, in ditches and ponds, and 

 all still water ; plentiful in some 

 parts of Britain. Smith, engl. 

 bot. t. 947. C. cornutum, Rich. 

 1. c. Gray. brit. pi. 2. p. 

 554. Dichotophy'llum demer- 

 sum, Mcench. meth. 345. Vaill. 

 I. c. t. 2. f. 1. Loes. pruss. t. 12. 

 Leaves dichotomous, somewhat 

 trifid, a little toothed along the 

 lobes, when young crowded, (f. 

 105.) 



Demerged Hornwort. Fl. Aug. Sept. Britain. PL fl. 



2 C. SUBME'RSUM (Lin. spec. 1409.) fruit destitute of spines, 

 but furnished with 2 tubercles at the sides, and the base of the 

 style at the apex ; segments of the calyx acute, entire. If. . W. H. 

 Native of Europe, in ditches, ponds, and all still water with a 

 muddy bottom ; and of Porto Rico in the West Indies ; plentiful 

 in Britain. Oed. fl. dan. 510. Smith, engl. bot. t. 679. Schkuhr, 

 handb. t. 297. C. verrucosum, Rich. 1. c. Gray, 1. c. Leaves 

 rather more divided than those of the first species, and the 

 young ones are less crowded, 



4 X 



FIG. 105. 



