806 



ALANGIE^l. I. ALANGIUM. PHILADELPHE^. 



tetragonal, 4-celled. Tj . S. Native of Surinam. This plant 

 most probably belongs to some genus of Onagrariee. 

 Jttssicca-like Rhexia. Shrub. 



f An additional species of Arthrostemma. 



3 ARTHROSTE'MMA KITIDA (Graham in ed. phil. journ. dec. 

 1831. Hook. bot. mag. 3142.) stems shrubby, erect, and arc, as 

 well as the branches, tetragonally winged, beset with coloured 

 hairs ; leaves ovate, acute, serrulated, glabrous on both surfaces, 

 shining above, but glandularly hispid on the nerves beneath ; 

 peduncles axillary towards the tops of the branches, 3-flowered, 

 longer than the petioles ; petals obovate, retuse ; anthers dissi- 

 milar, with their connectives short and biauriculate. Jj . S. Na- 

 tive of Buenos Ayres. Flowers lilac. 



Shining Arthrostemma. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1829. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 



ORDER XCIX. ALANGIE'JS (see genus for derivation). 

 D. C. prod. 3. p. 103. Tube of calyx egg-shaped, rather con- 

 stricted at the apex ; limb campanulate, 5-10-toothed. Petals 

 5-10, linear, spreadingly reflexed. Stamens much exserted, 

 double or quadruple the number of the petals ; filaments free, 

 filiform, very villous at the base. Anthers adnate, linear, 2- 

 celled, bursting inwards by a longitudinal double chink, often 

 barren. Disk fleshy at the base of the limb of the calyx. Drupe 

 oval, somewhat crowned, fleshy, a little ribbed, and somewhat 

 tomentose, containing a valveless 1 -celled nut, the bone or stone 

 having a hole at its apex. Seed one (or 3, ex Rheede), inverted, 

 ovate, with fleshy friable albumen. Embryo straight, with a 

 long ascending radicle, and flat foliaceous ovate-cordate coty- 

 ledons. Shevvy Indian trees, with the branches often spines- 

 cent. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, ovate-lanceolate, acumi- 

 nated, feather-nerved, quite entire, dotless, similar to those 

 of Grervia. Flowers few, sessile, in axillary fascicles. Fruit 

 eatable. 



This order is only composed of one genus, whose place in the 

 natural system is very doubtful. It differs from Myrlaceee in 

 the greater number of petals, in the adnate anthers, in the one- 

 celled fruit, and in the albuminous pendulous seeds. It agrees 

 with Combretacece in the tube of the calyx being constricted at 

 the apex, in the one-celled fruit, and the pendulous seed ; but 

 differs in the greater number of petals, in the adnate anthers, in 

 the albuminous seeds, and in the flat cotyledons. In the form 

 of the anthers, and in the one-celled fruit, it differs from Melas- 

 tomacece and Onagrarice, It agrees in some degree with Halor- 

 agece in the fabric of the seed, but differs from it in habit, in the 

 one-celled fruit, and single style. The properties are said by 

 the Malays to be purgative and hydrogogue, and their roots aro- 

 matic. 



I. ALA'NGIUM (Alangi is the Malabar name of the first 

 species). Lam. diet. 1. p. 174. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 61. Corr. ann. 

 mus. 10. p. 161. D. C. prod. 3. p. 203. Angolam, Adans. fam. 

 2. p. 85. Angolamia, Scop. 



LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Monogynia. Being no other genus 

 the character is the same as that of the order. 



1 A. DECAVE'TALUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 174.) flowers of 10 pe- 

 tals ; branches glabrous, spinescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate. 

 Tj . S. Native of Malabar, on rocky mountains, where it is 

 called Alangi or Angolam by the natives. Rheed. mal. 4. t. 

 17. Grewia salvifolia, Lin. fil. suppl. 409. ex Vahl, symb. 1. 



p. 61. Berry or drupe rather tomentose, 2-3-seeded. Stamens 

 23, ex Vahl. The petals are either 10 or 12, and the stamens 

 are double that number. Flowers white, with a grateful scent, 

 solitary or 2-3-together in the axils of the leaves. The pulp of 

 the fruit has a {rrateful sweet taste. 



Tcn-petalled Alangium. Clt. 1779. Tree 30 ft. 



2 A. HEXAPE'TALUM (Lam. 1. c.) flowers of 6-7 petals ; 

 branches glabrous, hardly spinescent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 

 acuminated. (7 . S. Native of Malabar, among rocks, where 

 it is called by the natives Kara- Angolam and Namidou, Sta- 

 mens 10-12, but 26 according to Rheed. mal. 4. t. 20. but in 

 the specimen examined by De Candolle, the petals were 7, and 

 the stamens 28, therefore the stamens are thrice the number of 

 the petals. Leaves velvety beneath, and on the petioles. Berry 

 or drupe with a purple tomentose coriaceous rind, and red 

 juicy clammy pulp, which has a rather acid taste ; the nut one- 

 seeded. 



Six-petalled Alangium. Clt. 1823. Tree 30 ft. 



3 A. TOMENTOSUM (Lam. diet. 1. c.) flowers unknown ; branches 

 unarmed, velvety when young, as well as the petioles and nerves 

 of leaves ; leaves oblong, bluntly acuminated, reticulated with 

 little veins beneath. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. 

 Berry or drupe pubescent, with a woody coriaceous livid-purple 

 rind. 



Tomentose Alangium. Tree 20 ft. 



Cult. The species of Alangium thrive well in a mixture of 

 loam and peat, or any light rich soil ; and cuttings root readily 

 if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, 

 in heat. 



ORDER C. PHILADE'LPHE^E (plants agreeing with Phi- 

 ladelphus in important characters). D. Don, in edinb. phil. 

 journ. 1826. April, p. 133. D. C. prod. 3. p. 205. Myrtacese, 

 gen. Juss. 



Tube of calyx turbinate, adhering to the ovarium ; limb 4- 

 10-parted. Petals (f. 114. d.) alternating with the lobes of the 

 calyx, and therefore equal to them in number, convolutely im- 

 bricate in aestivation. Stamens 20-40, inserted into the throat 

 of the calyx in 1 or 2 series. Styles sometimes nearly distinct 

 and at others more or less joined together in one ; stigmas 

 many. Capsule half adhering to the calyx, 4 (f. 114. b.) -10- 

 celled, many-seeded. Seeds scobiform, subulate, smooth, heaped 

 together at the angles of the cells on the angular placenta, 

 covered by loose, membranous aril. Albumen fleshy. Em- 

 bryo inverted, almost the length of the albumen (f. 114. e.}, 

 with oval, obtuse, flattish cotyledons, and a nearly terete radicle, 

 which is longer than the cotyledons. This order consists of 

 hardy ornamental shrubs. Leaves opposite, dotless, nerved, 

 toothed, or nearly entire, exstipulate. Peduncles opposite, ax- 

 illary, or terminal, trichotomously cymose, or somewhat panicled. 

 Flowers white, in most cases fragrant. Philadelphece is more 

 closely allied to Saxifragece than to Mijrtacece; from the former, 

 however, it differs widely in habit, but in the fructification dif- 

 fering chiefly in the numerous cells of the fruit, and in the inde- 

 finite stamens. From Myrtacece it differs in the arillate albu- 

 minous seeds, in the styles being more or less distinct, and in 

 the toothed, dotless leaves. De Candolle points out an approach 

 to Hydrfingece, and that it is a link connecting it with Viburnum, 

 agreeing almost equally with Philadelphetx and Viburnece in 

 habit and fructification. 

 1 



