PAPAYACE^E. I. CARICA. PASSIFLORE^. 



yellow, pear-shaped. A doubtful species of the genus, from its 

 small size and branched stem. 



Pear-s hoped Papaw. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 



4 C. CAULIFLORA (Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 33. t. 811.) leaves 

 palmately 5-lobed ; intermediate lobe sinuated ; segments lan- 

 ceolate, acuminated ; male peduncles usually 5-flowered, rising 

 from tubercles on the trunk. ^ . S. Native of South Ame- 

 rica, in the province of Caraccas and of Trinidad. Flowers yel- 

 lowish. 



Stem-Jlonered Papaw. Clt. 1806. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 



5 C. MICROCA'RPA (Jacq. schcenbr. 3. p. 32. t. 309 and 310.) 

 leaves 3 or 5-lobed : intermediate lobe 3-lobed ; male flowers 

 corymbose. fj . S. Native of Caraccas and Chili. Flowers 

 yellowish. Fruit the size of a cherry. 



Var. ft, monoica (Desf. in ann. mus. 1. p. 273.) lower leaves 

 entire (smaller), cauline ones 3-lobed, upper ones 5-lobed ; lobes 

 somewhat pinnatifid ; flowers monoecious, subracemose, erect. 

 Tj . S. Native country unknown. Petioles channelled. 

 Small-fruited Papaw. Tree 10 to 12 feet. 



6 C. SPINOSA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 815.) leaves digitate; leaflets 

 7, oblong, acuminated, quite entire ; trunk spiny. fy . S. Na- 

 tive of Guiana and Brazil, in Maranham and Para. C. digi- 

 tata, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 908. t. 246. A branched tree. 



Spiny Papaw. Clt. 1821. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 



Cult. These trees grow well in any light rich soil. They 

 may be brought into a fruit bearing state in our stoves, by plant- 

 ing them in large pots, or in tubs made for the purpose. 



ORDER CV. PASSIFLO'REjE (plants agreeing with Pas- 

 srflora in important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 102. 

 D. C. prod. 3. p. 321. 



Calyx of 5 (f. 5. a.) or 10 sepals (f. 4. a. f. 6. a. f. 7. a.), 

 combined into a short or elongated tube (f. 7. e.), free at the 

 apex, disposed in 1 or 2 series ; outer lobes large, foliaceous ; 

 inner ones alternating with the outer ones, and more petal-like 

 than them, sometimes these last are wanting altogether ; the 

 sides or throat are lined by filamentous (f. 4. a.) or annular (f. 

 5. b. f. 6. c.) or membranous coloured processes, which are dis- 

 posed in one or more series, having the bottom usually closed 

 by a lid-formed appendage. Petals 5 in the tribe Paropsiece, but 

 wanting altogether in the tribe Passiflorece. Stamens 5 (f. 4. b. 

 f. 5. d. f. 7. c.), but indefinite in the genus Smeathmdnnia. Fi- 

 laments opposite the exterior lobes of the calyx, joined into 

 a long tube which sheaths the stipe of the ovarium ; anthers 

 fixed by the back, peltate (f. 4. b. f. 5. c.), reflexed, turned out- 

 wards, but reversed they are turned inwards, 2-celled, bursting 

 lengthwise. Torus elongated into a long cylindrical stipe. 

 Ovarium seated on the stipe, ovate, free. Styles 3, rising from 

 the same point (f. 6. e. f. 5. d. f. 4. d.}, crowned by a stigma 

 each, which is somewhat 2-lobed. Fruit naked (f. 7. g.), or 

 surrounded by the calyx (f. 8. .), stalked, 1-celled, 3-valved, 

 having a poly spermous parietal placenta in the middle of each 

 valve ; the valves sometimes dry and dehiscing, sometimes fleshy 

 and indehiscent. Seeds attached in several rows to the placentas, 

 usually clothed with a large pulpy aril, compressed, and gene- 

 rally scrobiculate. Embryo straight, in the centre of the fleshy 

 thin albumen, having a terete radicle, which is turned towards 

 the hylum ; cotyledons flat and foliaceous. Herbs or shrubs 

 for the most part climbing. Leaves of many forms, alternate, 



stipulate, usually bearing glands on the limb or petiole. Pe- 

 duncles axillary, some of which are changed into tendrils from 

 abortion, others are simple, and bear 1 flower each, very rarely 

 branched and many-flowered ; however, all the peduncles are 

 floriferous in the upright species, or those that do not climb : 

 always articulated under the flower, and generally furnished 

 with a 3-leaved involucrum at the articulation. 



The real nature of the floral envelopes of this remarkable 

 order, is a question upon which botanists entertain very different 

 opinions, and their ideas of its affinities are consequently much 

 at variance. According to Jussieu (Diet, scien. vol. 38. p. 49.) 

 the " parts taken for petals are nothing but inner divisions of 

 the calyx, usually in a coloured state, and wanting in several 

 species ;" and therefore, in the judgment of this venerable 

 botanist, the order is apetalous, or monochlamydeous. De Can- 

 dolle adopts the same view of the nature of the floral envelopes 

 as Jussieu ; but he nevertheless considers, we think with pro- 

 priety, the order polypetalous. Other botanists consider the 

 outer series of the floral envelopes as the calyx, and the inner as 

 the corolla; the one is green and the other coloured. The 

 nature of the filamentous appendages, or rays as they are called, 

 which proceed from the orifice of the tube, and of the membra- 

 nous or fleshy, entire or lobed, flat or plaited annular processes, 

 which lie between the petals and the stamens, are ambiguous, 

 but are probably abortive stamens. With regard to the affinity 

 of Passiflorece, Jussieu, swayed by the opinion he entertains of 

 their being apetalous, and De Candolle, who partly agrees and 

 partly disagrees with Jussieu in his view of their structure, 

 both assign the order a place near Cucurbitacece ; but when we 

 consider the stipitate fruit, occasionally valvular, the parietal 

 placentas, the sometimes irregular flowers, the stipulate leaves, 

 and the climbing habit of these plants, it is not difficult to admit 

 their affinity with Capparidece and Violarieae, the dilated disk of 

 the former of which is probably analogous to the innermost of 

 the annular processes of Passiflorece. 



The plants composing the Passiflorece, are the produce of 

 South America and the West Indies, where the woods are filled 

 with their species, which climb about from tree to tree, bearing 

 at one time flowers of the most striking beauty, and of so sin- 

 gular an appearance, that the zealous Catholics who discovered 

 them adapted Christian traditions to these inhabitants of the 

 South American wildernesses, and at other times fruit tempting 

 to the eye and refreshing to the palate. Several are found in 

 Africa, and a few in the East Indies, of which the greater part 

 belong to the genus Modecca. 



Nothing is known of the properties of this order, further than 

 that the succulent fruit and pulp that surround the seeds are 

 fragrant, juicy, cooling, and pleasant in several species. 

 Synopsis of the genera. 

 TRIBE I. 



PAROPSIE\. Petals 5. Ovarium sessile. Upright shrubs 

 without tendrils. 



1 SMEATHMA'NNIA. Nectarium 1 -leaved, urceolate, surround- 

 ing the base of the stamens. Stamens indefinite ; anthers in- 

 cumbent. Stigmas 5, peltate. Capsule inflated, papery, 4-5-valved. 



