66 



LOASE.E. VI. MENTZELIA. VII. KLAPROTHIA. TURNERACE^. 



cronately acuminated, longer than the calyx ; stamens 30-35 ; 

 leaves and flowers nearly sessile. Tf. . G. Native of Mexico. 

 Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. M. aspera, Cav. icon. 1. p. 51. t. 70. 

 exclusive of the synonyms. Flowers 15 lines in diameter. 

 Seeds 6, ovate, compressed. FIG. 13. 



Root violently purgative, and is 

 used in the cure of syphilis. The 

 Mexican name of the plant is 

 Zazale. 



Hispid Menlzelia. Fl. June, 

 July. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 feet. 



4 M. STRIGOSA (H. B. et 

 Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 

 120.) petals obovate, mucro- 

 nately cuspidate, 2 or 3 times 

 longer than the calyx ; stamens 

 about 50 ; leaves and flowers 

 almost sessile ; hairs on the 

 branches retrograde. "}/ . G. 

 Native of Mexico, near Rio Sar- 



co. Filaments of outer stamens dilated at the apex. Ovula 1 0. 

 Strigose Mentzelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



5 M. SCA'BRA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) petals obovate, acute, a 

 little longer than the calyx; stamens 100-110; flowers sessile 

 in the forks of the stems ; leaves petiolate. If. . G. Native of 

 New Granada, on the Andes about Pasto. Seeds scabrous, 6-9. 



Scabrous-seeded Mentzelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



6 M. GRANDIFLORA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 441. inecl.) 

 petals obovate, pointed, much longer than the calyx ; calycine 

 lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed when the flowers 

 are open ; stamens numerous, from 30-40, unequal, outer ones 

 the longest ; leaves alternate, ovate, coarsely toothed, on short 

 petioles. If. G. Native of Peru. 



Great-flowered Mentzelia. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



7 M. HIRTA (Pav. in herb. Lamb.) calyx covered with long 

 hairs ; calycine segments lanceolate, much shorter than the 

 petals; stamens numerous; leaves cordate, lobed, obtuse, alter- 

 nate, clothed with soft pubescence ; peduncles many-flowered. 

 If.. G. Native of Mexico, (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) 



Hairy Mentzelia. PI. 1 foot. 



8 M. STIPITA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. 

 prod. 3. p. 343.) petals oval, mucronately cuspidate, much 

 longer than the calyx ; stamens 30-40 ; flowers and leaves stipi- 

 tate. "if. . G. Native of Mexico. Presl. in Haenk. reliq. 2. 

 p. 40. Branches, pedicels, and ovaries scabrous from hairs. 

 Leaves ovate, acuminated, 3-lobed, doubly toothed. Flowers 

 lateral and terminal, solitary. 



Stipilate-fiovtered Mentzelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 

 Cult. The species grow well in any light rich soil 

 tings will root readily in sand, under a hand-glass. 



and cut- 

 They are 



also easily reared from seeds, which ripen in this country. 



VII. KLAPROTHIA (in honour of Martin Henry Klap- 

 roth, of Berlin, a celebrated chemist, and great friend of Hum- 

 boldt). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 121. t. 537. 

 D. C. prod. 3. p. 343. 



LIN. SYST. Icosandria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, with 

 a turbinate tube and a 4-parted limb ; lobes ovate, equal. Pe- 

 tals 4, on very short claws. Stamens numerous, especially 4-5 

 fertile ones in front of each petal ; these are longer than the others, 

 and 4-5 sterile ones in front of each sepal ; these are pilose, and 

 somewhat dilated at the apex into a 2-lobed membrane. Styles 

 4, connected together almost to the apex in one. Ovarium 1- 

 celled, 8-nerved inside, and 4-ovulate ; ovula pendulous, fixed 

 to the nerves opposite the sepals. Fruit baccate. Herb twin- 

 ing ; branches scabrous from retrograde hairs. Leaves oppo- 



# 8 



site, sharply toothed, stalked. Peduncles cymosely corymbose 

 at the tops of the branches. Flowers white. 



1 K. MENTZELIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.). Q. H. Native 

 of the Andes, about Quindiu, near the volcanos. 



Mentzelia-like Klaprothia. PI. tw. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Loasa, p. 65. 



ORDER CVIII. TURNERA'CE^E (plants agreeing with 

 Turriera in important characters). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 

 amer. 6. p. 123. D. C. prod. 3. p. 345. 



Calyx free, usually coloured more or less, profoundly 5-cleft 

 (f. 14. a.), deciduous ; lobes equal, imbricate in aestivation. 

 Petals 5, equal (f. 14. &.), inserted into the upper part of the 

 tube of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, narrow at the 

 base, twisted in aestivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the upper 

 part of the tube of the calyx below the petals, and alternating 

 with them ; filaments free, flat ; anthers oblong, erect, 2-celled 

 (f. 14. c.). Ovarium free, 1-celled (f. 14. rf.), many-ovulate. 

 Ovula ascending (f. \^.f.), fixed to 3 linear parietal placentas. 

 Styles 3 (f. 14. e.) or 6, usually more or less deeply bifid, and 

 cleft into many stigmas at the apex (f. 14. e.). Capsule 3- 

 valved, 1-celled (f. 14./.); valves bearing the seeds in their 

 middle, along a longitudinal placenta, opening from the apex as 

 far as the middle. Seeds subcylindrical, carved, crustaceous, 

 reticulated, furnished with a thin, membranous arillus on one 

 side. Hilum situated at the base of the seed. Embryo in the 

 centre of a fleshy albumen, somewhat incurved, spatulate, with 

 the radicle turned towards the hilum, and with plano-subconvex 

 cotyledons. Shrubs, subshrubs, and herbaceous plants, with a 

 simple pubescence. Leaves alternate or scattered, simple, ex- 

 stipulate, with occasionally 2 glands at the apex of the petioles, 

 toothed, rarely pinnatifid. Flowers axillary, sessile, or pe- 

 dunculate ; the peduncles either distinct or connected with 

 the petioles, simple and 1 -flowered or branched and many- 

 flowered, articulated in the middle or furnished with 2 small 

 bracteoles. Petals yellow or yellowish, rarely blue. This 

 order is placed by De Candolle between Loasece and Fuuquie- 

 racece, chiefly it would seem on account of its manifest relation 

 to the former, and its perigynous stamens. With Malvacece it 

 agrees in the twisted aestivation of the corolla and habit. With 

 Loasece and Passiflbrece, they have also much in common. In 

 the structure of the fruit it agrees with Violaneee and Cistlnece, 

 but differs in the petals and stamens '_being inserted into the 

 calyx, and the circumstance of their certain relationship to 

 Cistmcce gives great weight to the ingenious approximation, by 

 M. Du Petit Thours, of Passiflbrece to Violariece. The pre- 

 sence of glands upon the ends of the petioles of Turneracece is 

 a confirmation of their affinity to the former. It is distinguished 

 from Loasece by the fruit being superior and 1-celled, with pa- 

 rietal placentas, and by the definite stamens ; the former cha- 

 racter is, however, weakened by the nearly superior fruit of 

 some Loasece. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 



1 TURNE'RA. Styles 3 (f. 14. e.), simple, divided at the 

 apex into multifid stigmas (f. 14. e.). Capsule opening from 

 the top to the middle. 



