264 



UMBELLIFERjE. XXV. PETAONIA. XXVI. SANICULA. 



3 flowers ; central one hermaphrodite, fertile, sessile : 2 lateral 

 ones male, pedicellate ; the pedicels rather concrete at the base, 

 with the calyx of the fertile or central flower. Male flowers 

 with the tube of the calyx almost wanting, but with an obsolete 

 somewhat 5-toothed limb ; petals oval-oblong, acute at both 

 ends, inflexed at the apex ; stamens 5, alternating with the 

 petals, and longer than them. Female or hermaphrodite flowers, 

 having the tube of the calyx ovate and compressed, and the 

 limb obsolete : petals the same shape as those of the male 

 flowers, rather membranous, permanent ; stamens 5, caducous ; 

 styles 2, filiform, divaricate, very long ; fruit ovate, compressed, 

 8-nerved, with 3 nerves on each side, particularly one central, 

 indicating where the raphe is, 2 in the middle, and 2 more con- 

 spicuous, seated on the dorsal angle of the mericarps. Meri- 

 carps and carpophore not distinct. Fruit empty or containing 

 one ovulum, from one of the mericarps being abortive. Herb 

 perennial, smooth. Root or rhizoma like that of Adoxa or 

 Hacquelia, Leaf radical, on a long petiole, rather peltate, 5- 

 parted : partitions oval-cuneated, somewhat 3-lobed at the apex, 

 and toothed : teeth mucronate. Stem solitary, hardly half a foot 

 high, bearing at the apex 2 almost sessile opposite 3-lobed tooth- 

 ed leaves. Branches 2, bifid at the apex. Bracteas or leaves 

 of involucrum 2, opposite, oblong, acute, mucronately serrated, 

 seated just under the branches. Branches or rays of umbel 2, 

 short, bearing each 3 flowers at the apex, furnished with 2 small 

 bracteas under the ramifications. This very singular genus is 

 allied to Hacquelia and Sanicula. 



1 P. sANicuLjEFOLiA (Guss. 1. c.) I/ . H. Native of Sicily, 

 in groves by the sides of rivulets, in cool places. Slson Gusso- 

 nianum, Balb. herb. Sison Gussonii, Spreng. cur. post. 



Sanicle-leaved Petagnia. PI. ^ foot. 



Cull. See Hacquelia, p. 265. for culture and propagation. 



XXVI. SANI'CULA (from sano, to heal or cure ; supposed 

 healing effects of the S. Europcea). Tourn. inst. p. 326. t. 173. 

 Lin. gen. no. 326. Lam. ill. 191. Hoffm. umb. prod. 65. t. 1. 

 f. 1. Spreng. umb. p. 24. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 105. Koch. umb. 

 p. 139. D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 35. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Tube of calyx echinated ; 

 lobes foliaceous (f. 59. c.), permanent. Petals erect, conniving, 

 obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point (f. 59. g.). Fruit 

 nearly globose, not separable into 2 parts spontaneously ; meri- 

 carps destitute of ribs, but furnished with many vittae, and densely 

 clothed with hooked prickles ; carpophore not distinct. Seed semi- 

 globose. Perennial herbs. Leaves radical, petiolate, palmate 

 lobed : lobes cuneated, deeply toothed at the apex. Stems either 

 naked or furnished with a very few leaves. General umbel with 

 few rays ; leaves of involucrum few, and usually divided. Um- 

 bellules of many rays ; leaves of involucel many, entire. Flowers 

 male, female, and hermaphrodite in the same umbel. 



SECT. I. SANI'CLA (an alteration from the generic name). 

 Tube of calyx echinated. Leaves palmate lobed. 



1 S. EUROF^'A (Lin. spec. 339.) leaves radical, palmate- 

 parted ; lobes trifid, toothed ; flowers polygamous, all nearly 

 sessile, disposed in umbellules ; lobes of calyx denticulated. 

 !<.. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe and Caucasus, 

 in woods and groves, and particularly by the sides of rivulets. 

 Oed. fl. dan. 293. Schkuhr, handb. t. 60. Hoffm. umb. p. 67. 

 Smith, engl. bot. t. 98. Blackw. herb. t. 63. S. officinarum, 

 Neck, gallob. p. 137. Astrantia Diapensia, Scop. earn. 304. S. 

 mas. Fuchs. hist. p. 671. S. officinalis, Gouan, hort. 131. 

 Caucalis Sanicula, Crantz. Flowers white or tinged with red, 

 sessile, disposed in little heads. The plant was much celebrated 

 formerly as a vulnerary. It discovers to the taste a bitterness 

 and roughness. It has, however, been long discarded in medi- 



cine, and in Sir James Smith's opinion it seems to partake f that 

 poisonous acrimony, which is found in most umbelliferous plants 

 growing in a moist rich soil. 



Var. ft, Capensis (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 253.) 

 plant taller than the species ; stems leafy, branched ; panicle 

 dichotomous. 14 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. S. 

 Canadensis, Thunb. fl. cap. 254. exclusive of the synonymes. 

 Perhaps a proper species. 



European Sanicle. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1J foot. 



2 S. MARYLA'NDICA (Lin. spec. 339.) leaves quinately digi- 

 tate, deeply serrated : lower ones pedate, on long petioles ; 

 flowers polygamous : male ones pedicellate ; lobes of calyx en- 

 tire. 1J. . H. Native of North America, and as far as the Sas- 

 katchawan ; Newfoundland ; undulating gravelly soils, near Fort 

 Vancouver ; as well as of Carolina, Maryland, and Pennsyl- 

 vania. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 348. Lam. ill. t. 91. f. 2. S. Cana- 

 densis, Lin. spec. p. 339. Flowers whitish or yellowish. 



Maryland Sanicle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1765. PI. 2 feet. 



3 S. MEXICA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 84.) radical leaves, as 

 well as the cauline ones, palmate ; leaflets on short petioles, 

 rather cuneated at the base : lateral leaflets parted : middle one, 

 and inner lobe of the lateral ones, somewhat trifid : all cuspi- 

 dately toothed, and quite smooth ; umbels 3-rayed ; rays hardly 

 longer than the floral leaf; male flowers on short pedicels. "H.. 

 H. Native of Mexico, between Tampico and Real del Monte. 

 Stem simple, hardly a foot high, furnished with 3-4 alternate 

 leaves. Allied to S. Marylandica, but differs as above. 



Mexican Sanicle. PI. 1 foot. 



4 S. LI'BEKTA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 253.) 

 leaves 5-parted ; partitions cuneated, 3-lobed, deeply serrated ; 

 serratures cuspidate by bristles ; flowers polygamous : male 

 ones few, on capillary pedicels : female ones sessile. Tj. . G. 

 Native of South America, near Caripe ; and of Chili near Tal- 

 caguano and Conception ; valleys near Valparaiso, where it is 

 called Palo de Leon by the natives. S. crassicaulis, Poepp. 

 diar. no. 227. pi. exsic. no. 92. Plant 4 feet high. 



Freed Sanicle. PI. 4 feet. 



5 S. MENZIE'SII (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, bot. voy. p. 142.) 

 plant caulescent ; leaves on long petioles, cordate, deeply trifid : 

 segments broad, obovate, cuneated, variously lobed, deeply ser- 

 rated : serratures very acute, ending each in a bristly point ; 

 umbels rather compound ; leaves of involucels lanceolate, acute, 

 equal in length to the umbellules. Tf. . H. Native of the north- 

 west coast of America ; on the banks of the Columbia in dry 

 sandy places; as well as of California. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. 

 p. 290. t. 90. Root fusiform. Plant smooth. Stem leafy, pa- 

 nicled at the apex. Male flowers on short pedicels. Segments 

 of cauline leaves lanceolate. 



Menzies's Sanicle. PJ. 1 to 1-J- foot. 



6 S. ELA v TA(Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 183.) leaves 

 ternate or tripartite, glabrous ; segments or leaflets sessile, 

 ovate, acute, lobed, and serrated, cuneated at the base : lateral 

 segments usually 2-parted ; stem dichotomous at the apex ; 

 umbels trifid, few-flowered ; flowers polygamous : male ones 

 pedicellate. 7/.H. Native of Nipaul. S. Canadensis, Thunb. 

 fl. jap. p. 116. Stem 1-2 feet high, erect, simple. 



Tall Sanicle. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



7 S. HERMAPHRODI'TA (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 

 183.) leaves ternate, glabrous ; leaflets ovate, acute at both ends, 

 lobed, and serrated ; umbels trifid, usually 5-flowered ; flowers 

 all hermaphrodite and sessile. 1(.. H. Native of Upper Nipaul, 

 at Suembu. Stem erect, branched, slender, flexuous, a span 

 high or more. 



Hermaphrodite Sanicle. PI. -J- to 1 foot. 



8 S. JAVA'NICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 832.) leaves palmately 5- 

 lobed, setaccously serrated ; lobes rather trifid ; male flowers 



