266 



UMBELLIFERiE. XXVIII. ASTRAKTIA. XXIX. ALEPIDEA. XXX. HORSFIELDIA. XXXI. EEYNOIUM. 



Smaller Master- wort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1686. PL -| to 

 foot. 



2 A. PAUCIFLORA (Bertol, journ. bot. 1813. p. 76. am. itin. 

 96. and 347.) leaves palmate ; segments 5-7, entire at the base, 

 but finely and sharply serrated from the middle to the apex ; 

 leaves of involucrum entire, exceeding the umbel. TJ.. H. Na- 

 tive of the mountains of Abruzzo and Naples. Very like A. 

 minor. There is a variety having the segments- of the leaves 

 linear or oval- oblong. 



Few-flowered Master-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. 



3 A. CARNIO'LICA (Jacq. fl. austr. 6. t. 10.) radical leaves 

 palmate-parted : lobes 5-7, oblong, acuminated, unequally ser- 

 rated, toothed; leaves of involucrum 12-13, quite entire, 

 exceeding the umbel. If. . H. Native of Carinthia, Car- 

 niola, in alpine meadows. Sturm, deutschl. fl. with a figure. 

 A. major ft, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. C. p. 341. A. minor, 

 Scop. fl. earn. no. 305. t. 7. Smith, exot. bot. 2. t. 77. Habit 

 of A. minor, but with the character of A. major. Leaves of in- 

 volucrum white, with a green line running along the middle of each, 

 tinged with red. Petals white. Cauline leaves 3-lobed or simple. 

 Root dark brown, having an aromatic balsamic smell, with a 

 taste at first slightly aromatic, but nauseous, and afterwards acid. 



Carniolan Master- wort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. PI. \ 

 to 1 foot. 



4 A. MA'JOR (Lin. spec. p. 339.) radical leaves palmate- 

 parted : lobes 5, ovate-lanceolate, acute, rather trilid, toothed, 

 ciliated with bristles ; leaves of involucrum 15-20, linear-lanceo- 

 late, quite entire, hardly longer than the umbel. ! . H. Na- 

 tive nearly throughout the whole of Europe and Eastern Cauca- 

 sus, in mountain meadows and woods. Lam. ill. t. 191. f. 1. 

 Nees, off. pfl. 12. t. 6. Hayn. arz. gew. 1. t. 13. Smith, exot. 

 bot. 2. t. 76. Rivin. t. 68. Plenck, icon. t. 225. A. nigra, Lob. 

 icon. t. 681. Scop. earn. no. 306. Blackw. t. 470. A. Candida, 

 Mill. diet. no. 2. A. alpina, Munt. phyt. t. 111. Helleborus 

 niger, Gard. aix. t. 46. A. major a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 

 6. p. 341. 



Var. a ; leaves of involucel white ; flowers white. 



Var, ft; leaves of involucel purplish; flowers tinged with red. 



Larger Master-wort. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 



5 A. INTERMEDIA (Bieb. suppl. p. 194.) radical leaves pal- 

 mate-parted : lobes 5, rarely only 3, oval-oblong, deeply biser- 

 rated, and ciliated with bristles ; cauline leaves nearly palmate ; 

 leaves of involucrum 12-13, oblong-lanceolate, bearing from 

 1 to 3 spines each at the apex, exceeding the umbel a little. 

 1. H. Native of Caucasus, in mountain meadows. A. 

 trifida, Hoffm. umb. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 8. A. Caucasica, Spreng. 

 umb. p. 17. syst. 8. p. 874. exclusive of the synonymies. Flowers 

 pink? 



Var. ft; leaves of involucel nearly entire. %.. H. Native 

 of Caucasus and the mountains of Naples. A. major, Bieb. fl. 

 and suppl. no. 509. 



Intermediate Master-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft. 



6 A. HELLEBORIFOLIA (Salisb. par. lond. 1. t. 60.) radical 

 leaves palmate-parted ; lobes 3, ovate-lanceolate, unequally ser- 

 rated, ciliated with bristles; leaves of involucrum 12-13, ovate- 

 lanceolate, exceeding the umbel a little, ciliated with bristles their 

 whole length. Tj.. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, in the more 

 elevated meadows. A. maxima, Pall. nov. act. petrop. 7. p. 

 357. t. 11. Sims, bot. mag. 1553. A. heterophylla, Willd. nov. 

 act. berol. 3. p. 419. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 202. suppl. p. 196. 

 Involucrum and flowers pink. There are varieties of this species 

 having the cauline leaves either 3-lobed or undivided. 



Hellebore-leaved Master-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. 

 PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



Cult. The species of this genus grow well in any common 

 garden soil, and are well adapted for ornamenting flower-borders, 



being rather pretty ; they are easily increased by dividing at the 

 root. A. minor and A. Carniolica, being more tender than the 

 rest, should be grown in pots, and placed among other alpine 

 plants. 



XXIX. ALEPI'DEA (meaning unknown to us). Laroch. 

 eryng. p. 19. t. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 87. Astrantia species of 

 Lin. lil. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Tube of calyx beset with 

 minute tubercles. Petals inflexed. Transverse section of fruit 

 terete, ovate, tubercular on the outside ; mericarps without ribs, 

 and without vittae ; carpophore adnate its whole length to the 

 seeds An herb, with the habit of Eryngium nudicaule, native 

 of the Cape of Good Hope. Radical leaves petiolate, oblong, 

 ciliately toothed from spinescent bristles. Stems nearly naked, 

 branched, umbellate at the apex. Leaves under the branches 

 small, and stem-clasping. Umbels like those of Astrantia. An 

 intermediate genus between Astrantia and Eryngium. 



1 A. CILIA'RIS (Laroch. 1. c.) 11 . G. Native of the Cape of 

 Good Hope. Tratt. arch. t. 204. Astrantia ciliaris, Lin. fil. 

 suppl. 177. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 196. Jasione Capensis, Berg, 

 act. ups. 3. p. 187. t. 10. Umbel "3-rayed, surrounded by a 

 2-3-leaved involucrum. Leaves of involucel 10, coloured, broad- 

 lanceolate, acute, longer than the flowers. 



Cz/zaterf-leaved Alepidea. PL 1 foot. 



Cult. Any light rich soil will suit this plant, and it will be 

 easily increased by dividing at the root. 



XXX. HORSFIE'LDIA (in honour of Thomas Horsfield, 

 M.D. F.R.S. F.L.S. &c. ; author of numerous works on Indian 

 zoology). Blum. mss. but not of Willd. D. C. prod. 4. p. 87. 

 Schubertia, Blum, bijdr. p. 884. but not of Mart, nor Mirb. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete, 

 quite entire. Petals ovate, cuspidate, flat. Fruit compressed, 

 villous ; mericarps 3-ribbed on the back. A prickly shrub. 

 Leaves cordate, 5-lobed : upper ones 3-lobed, clothed with stel- 

 late tomentum beneath. Panicle terminal, densely clothed with 

 stellate tomentum. Umbels capitate, sessile, surrounded by a 

 many-leaved involucrum ; receptacle of flowers chaffy. 



1 H. ACULEA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) t?. S. Native of Java, on 

 Mount Tjerimai, in the province of Cheribon, where it is called 

 Gompong. The rest unknown. 



Prickly Horsfieldia. Shrub. 



Cult. Any light rich soil will suit this shrub, and cuttings 

 will be easily rooted in the same kind of earth under a hand- 

 glass, in heat. 



XXXI. ERY'NGIUM (from cpivyw, ereugo, to belch. Dios- 

 corides declares that the plant is a specific for all complaints 

 arising from flatulence). Tourn. inst. p. 327. t. 173. Lin. gen. 

 no. 324. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 77. t. 20. Laroch. eryng. 1. vol. in 

 fol. Par. 1808. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 105. Koch, diss. p. 139. in 

 nov. act. nat. cur. 12. p. 1. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Tube of calyx rough from 

 vesicles and scales ; lobes 5, foliaceous. Petals erect, conni- 

 vent, oblong-obovate : bent in from the middle by a segment as 

 long as the limb of the petal, which consequently appears emar- 

 ginate. Fruit obovate, scaly or tubercular, with the transverse sec- 

 tion nearly terete ; mericarps semi-terete, without ribs, and with- 

 out vittae ; carpophore adnate its whole length to the seeds. 

 Herbs, usually perennial and spiny. Radical leaves, as well as the 

 cauline ones, sheathing more or less at the base. Flowers con- 

 gregated into oblong or roundish dense heads. Lower bracteas 

 usually the largest, and forming an involucrum round the head 

 of flowers ; the rest like chaff, mixed among the flowers. 



1. Ramosinervia (from ramosus, branched, and nervus, a 



