UMBELLIFER&. XXXI. ERYNGIUM. 



267 



sinew or nerve ; in reference to the nerves of the leaves being 

 more or less branched and diverging). D. C. prod. 4. p. 88. 

 Limbs of radica I leaves more or less distinct from the petioles : hav- 

 ing the nerves more or less branched, and diverging, but never 

 parallel. 



* Limbs of radical leaves mullifid. 



1 E. CAMPE'STRE (Dod. pempt. 730. f. 2. Lin. spec. 337.) 

 radical leaves nearly ternate ; segments pinnatifid : lobes ovate ; 

 cauline leaves auriculated ; stem panicled ; leaves of involucrum 

 linear-lanceolate, nearly entire, exceeding the head of flowers, 

 which is roundish ; paleae among the flowers subulate. Tf. . H. 

 Native of South and Middle Europe, and Caucasus; very com- 

 mon in dry sandy fields. In Britain not very common ; on the 

 coast near the ferry from Plymouth to Cornwall ; and near the 

 Devil's Point at Stonehouse, Plymouth ; near Newcastle upon 

 Tyne ; on the shore called Friar's Goose, below Melling, in 

 Yorkshire ; also far inland opposite Brookhall, near Daventry, 

 in Northamptonshire. Laroche, eryng. p. 22. Oed. fl. dan. t. 

 554. Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t. 1. Smith, eng. bot. 57. Jacq. austr. 

 2. t. 155. Plench. t. 173. E. vulgare, Bauh. pin. 368. E. 

 Mediterraneum, Ger. 999. Corollas blue, but sometimes white 

 and yellow. Roots creepifig. Plant rather glaucous. 



Var.fi>; radical leaves nearly entire. 3. H. Native of Por- 

 tugal and the Levant. 



Field Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



2 E. BOURGA'TI (Gouan. ill. p. 7. t. 3.) radical leaves orbicu- 

 lar, tripartite ; lobes pinnatifid or cut in a forked manner, quite 

 entire between the divisions ; stems simple, a little branched at 

 the apex; leaves of involucrum 10-12, lanceolate, pungent, 

 erect, furnished with 1 or 2 teeth on each side, much longer than 

 the head of flowers, which is ovate ; paleae among the flowers en- 

 tire. I/. H. Native of the Pyrenees, but has not been found 

 elsewhere. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 355. Laroch. eryng. p. 24. Tratt. 

 arch. t. 207. E. amethystinum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 401. but not 

 of Lin. E. Bourgati, E. planum, and E. alpinum, Lapeyr. abr. 

 p. 137. There are varieties of this species with either sky blue 

 or pale flowers : and with the stems either bearing one or more 

 heads of flowers. Plant glaucous. 



Bourgati s Eryngo. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 



3 E. BILLARDIE'RI (Laroch. eryng. p. 25. t. 2.) radical leaves 

 nearly orbicular, tripartite ; lobes lanceolate, pinnatifid, spiny, 

 profoundly toothed all round ; stems branched at the apex ; 

 leaves of involucrum 8, linear-lanceolate, 3 times higher than the 

 head of flowers, which is globose ; paleae among the flowers 

 entire. ^ . H. Native of the Levant ; and in fields on the 

 mountains at the limits of the Turkish districts called Khoi, in 

 the province of Aberdeidjen. Tratt. arch. t. 356. Very 

 nearly allied to E. Bourgati, but differs in the lobes of the 

 leaves being toothed all round, and in the paleae being hardly 

 longer than the calyxes. Flowers blue. 



La Billardier's Eryngo. PI. 1 foot. 



4 E. SPINA-A'LBA (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 660. 1. 15.) radical leaves 

 3-5-parted ; lobes profoundly toothed, or cut in a forked man- 

 ner ; stem thick, nearly simple; leaves of involucrum 9-10, 

 pinnatifid, very stiff, pungent, about equal in length to the head 

 of the flowers, which is of an ovate-cylindrical form ; paleae 

 among the flowers entire, or usually tricuspidate. I/ . H. Na- 

 tive of Dauphiny, Provence, &c. in arid exposed places of moun- 

 tains. D. C. fl. fr. p. 356. Laroch. eryng. p. 26. t. 3. E. 

 rigidum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 752. E. alpinum, Lin. mant. p. 349. 

 but not of his spec. E. alpinum ft, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 323. E. 

 pallescens, Mill. diet. no. 5. Spina alba, Dalech. lugd. 1462. 

 Both heads of flowers and herb are white. There are varieties 

 with either dwarf stems, or a foot high. 



White-spined Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 foot. 



5 E. DILATA'TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 755.) radical leaves pinna- 



tifid : lobes spiny-toothed ; upper leaves the largest ; petioles 

 pectinately ciliated from the base ; stems nearly simple, bearing 

 few heads ; leaves of involucrum 5-7, lanceolate, spiny toothed, 

 longer than the head, which is roundish ; palese among the 

 flowers variable : outer ones furnished with one tooth on each side : 

 inner ones entire. 1. H. Native of Portugal, Spain, Mauritania, 

 Etruria; and Turkey, in fields about Constantinople. Laroch. 

 eryng. p. 26. t. 4. E. purpuratum, Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 

 13. E. Bourgati, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 48. Host, austr. 1. p. 341. 

 E. foe'tidum, Forsk. cat. const, p. 135. E. australe, Wulf. et 

 West, in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 333. E. amethystinum, Salzm. pi. 

 ,exsic. Barrel, icon. t. 36. Heads of flowers and stem of a 

 violaceous colour. 



.Di'/aterf-petioled Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 

 1 to 2 feet. 



6 E. CRINI'TUM (Presl, del. prag. p. 139.) radical leaves pin- 

 natifid : outer lobes trifid, spiny toothed : lower ones much 

 smaller and bristly, or jagged into bristle-formed teeth ; petioles 

 ciliated with bristles from the base ; stems nearly simple, bear- 

 ing few heads ; leaves of involucrum 5-G, lanceolate, spiny cili- 

 ated, exceeding the head of the flowers, which is roundish ; 

 paleae exceeding the flowers, outer ones spiny ciliated. I/. H. 

 Native of Spain. Very nearly allied to E. dilalatum, but it dif- 

 fers from it and all the others in the bristles being yellowish, and 

 rather spiny along the petioles and the lower lobes of the leaves. 

 Flowers blue ? 



Hairy Eryngo. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



7 E. AMETHY'STINUM (Lin. spec. p. 337. var. a,) radical leaves 

 pinnatifid : lobes cut, spiny, somewhat pinnatifid ; petioles entire 

 at the base ; stems smoothish, corymbosely branched at the apex; 

 leaves of involucrum 7-8, lanceolate, furnished with a few teeth 

 at the base, much exceeding in length the head of flowers, 

 which is globose ; paleae among the flowers entire : outer ones 

 hardly furnished with a tooth on each side. 1 . H. Native of 

 Dalmatia, Croatia, and Belgium, but in the last mentioned coun- 

 try it has probably escaped from the gardens. Waldst. et Kit. 

 hung. 3. t. 215. Besl. hort. eyst. ord. t. 8. f. 4. Tratt. arch. 

 206. E. campestre azureum, Lejeun, in herb. Gay. E. casru- 

 leum, Bauh. hist. 3. t. 86. f. 1. The upper part of the stem, 

 and also the heads of flowers, are of the finest amethyst colour, 

 so that they make a very fine appearance. This species is often 

 confused with E. dilalatum, but is easily distinguished from that 

 species in the petioles being entire, not pectinated. 



dmethystine-fiovtered Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1648. 

 PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



8 E. ANDERSONII (Lag. in litt. Loud. hort. brit. p. 101.) ra- 

 dical and cauline leaves pinnatifid : 3 terminal segments large, 

 lanceolate, and 3-lobed at the apex : the rest of the segments 

 small ; all spiny toothed ; stem smooth, striated, corymbosely 

 and trichotomously branched ; leaves of involucrum 7-8-lanceo- 

 late, spiny toothed, much longer than the head of the flower, 

 which is rounded, furnished with retrograde forked or simple 

 prickles on the lower side at the very base ; upper paleae among 

 the flowers linear, entire, and the lower ones trifid, ending in spiny 

 points, about the length or longer than the flowers. It- H. Na- 

 tive country unknown. E. amethystinum, Hort. Chelsea. Up- 

 per part of stem, and heads of flowers of a beautiful blue. 



Anderson's Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



9 E. SCARIOSUM (Laroch. eryng. p. 28. t. 5.) leaves pinna- 

 tifid ; lobes linear, distant, trifid, or entire ; petioles with sca- 

 rious margins ; stem furrowed, branched at the apex ; leaves of 

 involucrum 5-8, linear, much longer than the head of flowers, 

 which is globose; paleae among the flowers entire. T(.. H. 

 Native of the Levant. Tratt. arch. t. 775. E. pentechmum, 

 Sieb. herb, palest. Allied to E. amethystinum. Heads of 

 flowers pale green. 



M m 2 



