274 



UMBELLIFER^. XXXI. ERYNGIUM. XXXII. ACTINANTHUS. 



the head of flowers, which is roundish. If. F. Native of 

 Mexico, near Huanajato and Chilpancingo. Laroch. eryng. p. 

 62. Tratt. arch. t. 767. 



One-headed Eryngo. PL 4 feet. 



82 E. JU'NCEUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 241.) 

 leaves with parallel nerves, very narrow, inconspicuously spiny- 

 denticulated, acute ; stem bearing few heads ; heads nearly un- 

 armed, globose ; leaves of involucrum 10-12, connate at the 

 base, ovate, 5-nerved, acuminated, and are as well as the palese 

 smooth. 2f . G. Native of Brazil. Heads of one colour, 5 

 lines in diameter. 



Rushy Eryngo. PL 1 to 2 feet. 



83 E. ERIOPHORUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 242.) 

 leaves very narrow, linear, with parallel nerves, quite entire, 

 fringed with villi at the base ; stem bearing 1 or few heads ; 

 heads between egg-shaped and globose, unarmed ; leaves of in- 

 volucrum as well as the paleae elongated, acuminated, and 

 striated. If. G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatin 

 and Rio Grande. Stem bearing few leaves, from 1 to 2-y feet 

 high. Leaves a line broad : radical one a foot and more long. 

 Bracteas longer than the flowers. Habit almost of a Cyperus. 



Wool-bearing -Eryngo. PL 1 to 2 feet. 



84 E. SANGUISORBA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 3. p. 239.) 

 leaves linear, with parallel nerves, spiny-serrated : serratures 

 towards the apex of the leaf blunt and retrograde; stem naked, 

 bearing few heads : heads ovate ; leaves of involucrum as well 

 as the paleae subulately acuminated, a little longer than the 

 flowers. If . F. Native of the south of Brazil, in the province 

 of Rio Grande. Tube of calyx clothed with scarious scales at 

 the angles. Heads echinated, coloured, 9-10 lines long. 



Sanguisorla-\\ke Eryngo. PL 2 feet. 



85 E. EBRACTEA V TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 759.) leaves linear, 

 with parallel nerves, usually ciliated at the base with long 

 bristles ; stem trichotomously corymbose ; heads cylindrical, 

 unarmed ; leaves of involucrum as well as the paleae entire, 

 shorter than the flowers. I/ . G. Native of the south of Brazil. 

 Laroch. eryng. p. 64. t. 32. Tratt. arch. t. 758. Cham, et 

 Schlecht. in Linnsea. 2. p. 244. E. nudiflorum, WillcL herb, 

 which was collected about Ibague, in New Granada, is the same, 

 according to Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. Stem erect, 2 feet high. 

 Habit of the last species. Calyx rough from scales. 



Bractless Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 2 feet. 



SUBGENUS II. LESSONIA (in honour of Lesson, a writer 

 on cotnpositae). Bertero, mss. Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 351. 

 Small shrubs or trees, with dichotomous branches, which are 

 marked below by the cicatrices of the fallen leaves, but densely 

 leafy at the extremities. Peduncles terminal, bearing a solitary, 

 globose, or hemispherical head of flowers each. 



86 E. BUPLEUROIDES (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 352.) 

 arborescent ; leaves flat, serrated ; leaves of involucrum shorter 

 than the head of flowers. Tj . G. Native of Juan Fernandez, 

 in woody, stony, elevated situations at El Portezuelo. Lessonia 

 bupleuroldes, Bertero, mss. Lessonia, Bertero, in ann. sc. nat. 

 vol. 21. t. 348. Stem 5-6 feet high, with forked terete branches. 

 Leaves 3-4 inches long. Heads of flowers dense, hemispherical. 



Bupleurum-like Eryngo. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 



87 E. SARCOPHY'LLUM (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 352.") 

 arborescent ; leaves cylindrical, fleshy ; leaves of involucrum 

 wanting. Pj . G. Native at Massa Fuera, near Juan Fernandez. 

 The heads of flowers are exactly globose, without any involucra. 

 Branches dichotomous. 



Fleshy-leaved Eryngo. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 



\ Species not sufficiently known. 



88 E. PALLE'SCENS (Mill. diet. no. 5.) radical leaves roundish, 



multifid ; heads pedunculate. If . H. Native of Europe. E. 

 alpinum amethystinum, capitulo majore pallescente, Tourn. 

 inst. 327. Allied .to E. amethystinum, according to Mill, but 

 distinct from it. 



Pa/e-blue-flowered Eryngo. Fl. Jnl. Aug. Clt. ? PL 1 to 2 ft. 



89 E. AMERICA'NUM (Walt. fl. carol, p 102.) leaves entire : 

 radical ones roundish : cauline ones ovate-lanceolate : upper- 

 most ones trifid ; stem procumbent. If. . H. Native of Ca- 

 rolina. 



American Eryngo. PL procumbent. 



90 E. CARTHAMOIDES (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 13.) leaves 

 oblong, toothed, undivided, cordate at the base, and stem- 

 clasping ; stem nearly simple, bearing few heads ; leaves of in- 

 volucrum few and ovate. If. . H. Native of Mauritania. Per- 

 haps the same as E. aqulfolium ? 



Carthamus-like Eryngo. PL 1 foot. 



91 E. CCERU'LEUM STELLA'TUM MONTIS LIBA'NI. Mant. phyt. 

 p. 26. t. 127. differs from E. dichotomum in the radical leaves 

 being bipinnatifid. ex Laroch. eryng. p. 66. 



Starry-blue Eryngo of Mount Lebanon. PL 1 foot. ^ 



92 E. PA'RVUM PALMA'RE FOLIIS SERRA V TIS. Mor. oxon. secK 

 7. t. 36. f. 13. .^ 



Small Eryngo with serrated leaves. 



93 E. MEXICA'NUM r6Liis LONGIS DENTA'TIS. Moris, oxon. 

 p. 167. sect. 7. t. 37. f. 22. Scordii spina, Hern. mex. p. 222. 

 E. aquaticum ft, Lam. diet. 4. p. 758. Native of Mexico. 



Mexican Eryngo ivith long toothed leaves. PL 1 foot. 



N.B. E. lateriflorum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 473.) or Gramen 

 orientate spicatum (Tourn. cor. p. 39.) is not a Cenchrus, as had 

 been supposed by Linnaeus, nor an Eryngium but Corispermum 

 pungens. 



Cult. Most of the species of this genus are extremely hand- 

 some and beautiful, and particularly so the hardy kinds, which' 

 are therefore well fitted for decorating borders. They all suc- 

 ceed well in common garden soil ; but the lighter and more sandy 

 the soil is the better they will grow. The greenhouse or frame 

 kinds should be grown in pots, so that they may be sheltered in 

 winter. All are readily increased by dividing at the root, or 

 by seed. 



XXXII. ACTINA'NTHUS (from amv, actin, a ray, and 

 avQoQ, anthos, a flower ; involucels). Ehrenb. in Linnaea. 4. 

 p. 398. D. C. prod. 4. p. 668. 



LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Flowers monoecious, 

 female ones capitate : male ones in capitate umbels: marginal 

 ones joined, abortive, and spinescent, having the receptacle des- 

 titute of paleae. Teeth of calyx permanent. Petals oblong, 

 complicate at the apex, rather cirrhose. Fruit compressed from 

 the sides ; mericarps with the 5 alternate sutural ribs strongest : 

 having the furrows between the ribs furnished with 1 vittac each, 

 and the commissure with 2 vittse ; carpophore adnate. A stiff, 

 squarrose plant. Lower leaves ternately bipinnate. Involucrum 

 none ; involucels of many leaves. Flowers white. This genus 

 comes between Oenanthe and Eryngium, according to the fr \Sl; 

 but from the inflorescence it is analogous to Echinophora. 



. 1 A. SYRI'ACUS ^Ehrengb. 1. c.). If. . H. Native of Syria, 

 between the towns of Sachle and Balbec. 



Syrian Actinanthus. PL 1 foot. 



Cult. See Eryngium above for culture and propagation. 



2. Umbels compound or perfect. Vittce on the fruit variable, 

 rarely wanting. 



* Fruit having only primary ribs present. 



Tribe IV. 

 (plants agreeing with A'mmi in important 



