276 



UMBELL1FER&. XXXIV. CICUTA. XXXV. ZIZIA. XXXVI. PENTACRYPTA. XXXVII. APIUM. 



stronger, they carefully avoid it : that goats, however, devour it 

 greedily with impunity, and that horses and sheep eat it with 

 safety. Strong emetics are the most approved remedy for this 

 poison. 



Var. ft, tenuifolia (Schrank, akad. munch, philos. class. 7. 

 p. 56. t. 4. f. 1.) trunk of root slender, bearing fascicles of cy- 

 lindrical fibres ; leaves bipinnate ; segments linear, entire, and 

 subserrated ; umbels opposite the leaves, and terminal. 1. W. 

 H. Native of Germany, near Fussen. 



Poisonous Water Hemlock or Cowbane. Fl. July. Britain. 

 PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



* * American species. Fibres of roots oblong and fleshy. 



2 C. BULBI'FERA (Lin. spec. p. 307.) fibres of roots oblong, 

 tuberous, fleshy ; leaves biternate ; segments linear-lanceolate, 

 rather serrated ; umbels terminal and axillary ; axils and rays 

 bearin" bulbs. I/ . W. H. Native of North America, in tem- 

 perate and cold parts, from the river Delaware to Canada, in 

 water, and on banks of lakes and rivers. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. 

 p. 165. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 308. Big. fl. bo.,t. ed. 2. p. 115. 

 Flowers white, having the smell of cumin-flowers. 



Bulb-bearing Cowbane. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 

 to 2 feet. 



3 C. MACULA'TA (Lin. spec. p. 367.) fibres of roots oblong, 

 fleshy, tuberous ; leaves biternate ; segments lanceolate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, acuminated, mucronately serrated ; umbels terminal 

 and lateral ; stem spotted. I/ . W. H. Native of North Ame- 

 rica, in watery places, from Carolina to New England, and be- 

 tween lat. 54 and 64 north in the woody country ; Canada, 

 Lake Huron. Straits of De Fuca, and on the west coast. Bigel. 

 fl. host. 2. p. 115. amer. med. bot. 1. t. 12. Torrey, fl. un. st. 

 1. p. 308. Rafin. med. bot. 1. t. 22. Cicutaria maculata, Lam. 

 diet. 2. p. 2. Flowers white. Fruit a little larger than that of 

 C. virbsa. 



Var. (3, angustifolia (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 259.) leaflets 

 narrower. On the banks of the Saskatchawan. 



Spotted-stemmed Cowbane. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 

 2 to 3 feet. 



Cult. The species should be planted in ponds or ditches, 

 where they will increase without any further care. 



XXXV. ZI'ZIA (in honour of J. B. Zizii, a German botan- 

 ist ; author of a Flora of the Palatinate of the Rhine, in con- 

 junction with Koch). Koch. umb. p. 129. D. C. prod. 4. p. 

 99. Smyrnium species of Lin. Smyrnium, Ell. sketch. 1. 

 p. 359. Smyrnium and Thaspium, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195 

 and 196. Smyrnium species of authors. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso- 

 lete, or with 5 very short teeth. Petals elliptic, tapering into 

 a long inflexed acumen. Fruit contracted from the sides, rather 

 didymous, roundish or oval ; mericarps with 5 filiform, promi- 

 nent, equal ribs : lateral ribs marginal ; furrows between ribs 

 furnished with 1 vitta each, and the commissure with 2 vittae ; 

 carpophore bipartite. Seed teretely convex, scarcely flattish in 

 front. Perennial herbs, natives of North America. Stems 

 nearly simple, erect. Leaves ternate or biternate ; segments 

 oblong, ovate, or cordate. Involucrum wanting ; involucels 

 few-leaved, variable. Flowers yellow, rarely white, or dark 

 purple. This genus differs from Smyrnium in the seed not 

 being involute, and from A^pium in the petals ending in a long 

 inflexed acumen each. 



1 Z. AU'REA (Koch. 1. c.) leaves biternate ; segments oblong- 

 lanceolate, attenuated at the base, deeply serrated ; involucels 

 3-leaved, unilateral, y.. H. Native of North America, on 

 rocky hills and moist pastures, from Carolina to Pennsylva- 

 nia ; and of Canada, about Lake Huron. Smyrnium aureum, 

 Lin. spec. p. 377. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 171. Ell. sketch. 



I. p. 359. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195. Sison aureus, Spreng. 

 in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 410. Torrey, fl. un. st. 1. p. 305. Thas- 

 pium aureum, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196. Rays of umbel short. 

 Leaves of involucel 3, unilateral, rather concrete at the base. 

 Flowers golden yellow. The Smyrnium aureum, Burm. fl. cap. 

 p. 8. appertains to this species, but the country from which it is 

 said to come is truly doubtful, and is probably a mistake. 



Var. /3, acuminata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 100.) intermediate seg- 

 ment of leaves nearly pinnate, with 5 segments. If.. H. Grow- 

 ing along with the species. Smyrnium acuminatum, Smith, in 

 Rees' cycl. vol. 33. no. 8. 



Golden-Rowered Zizia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1699. PI. 1 to 3 ft. 



2 Z. CORDA'TA (Koch, 1. c.) radical leaves undivided, cordate, 

 crenated, petiolate : cauline ones nearly sessile, ternate ; leaflets 

 petiolate, ovate-cordate, serrated; involucel usually 1-leaved. 



II . H. Native of Carolina, on moist mountains and pastures ; 

 and probably on the mountains of Virginia and Pennsylvania ; 

 plains of the Red River, Saskatchawan, and the river Winepeg 

 and prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Smyrnium cordatum, 

 Walt. fl. carol, p. 114. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 359. Schultes, syst. 

 6. p. 438. Torr, fl. un. st. 1. p. 307. Sison trifoliatum, Michx. 

 fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 168. Smyrnium trifoliatum, Muhl. cat. 

 p. 31. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195. Flowers golden yellow, 

 very like those of the preceding species ; but according to Nutt. 

 they are white, and according to Elliot either white or yellow ; 

 there are therefore probably two species confused. 



CWate-leaved Zizia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1597. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 



3 Z. INTEGE'RRIMA (D. C. mem. soc. hist. nat. gen. vol. 4. 

 p. 100.) leaves biternate, rather glaucous ; leaflets ovate, quite 

 entire; involucel 1-leaved, very short. Tf.. H. Native of Vir- 

 ginia, New York, and Carolina, on moist mountains, particularly 

 on the Alleghany mountains. Smyrnium integerrimum, Lin. 

 spec. p. 1468. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 171. Ell. sketch. 

 1. p. 360. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195. Sison integerrimus, 

 Spreng. syst. 1. p. 887. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 305. Flowers' 

 golden yellow. 



Quite entire-\eaved Zizia. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1758. PI. 1 to 2 ft." 

 Cult. A moist soil suits the species of this genus best ; and 

 they are easily increased by dividing or by seeds. 



XXXVI. PENTACRY'PTA (from verTc, pente, five, and 

 Kpv-n-Tw, krypto, to hide ; application not evident). Lehm. sem. 

 hort. hamb. 1828. p. 16. D. C. prod. 4. p. 100. 



LIN. SYST. Polygamia, Moncecia. Calyx unknown. Petals 

 equal, lanceolate, acuminated, inflexed. Fruit oblong-elliptic, 

 compressed from the sides ; mericarps with 5 ribs, the 3 dorsal 

 ones are elevated and acute, and the 2 marginating ones round- 

 ish : each furrow having 1 vittse. Albumen 5-angled ; angles 

 roundish. Herb suffruticose at the base. Leaves triternately 

 pinnate. Flowers dark purple, polygamous. Perhaps suffi- 

 ciently distinct from Thaspium. 



\ P. ATROPURPU'REA (Lehm. in sem. hort. hamb. 1828. p. Hi.) 

 I/ . F. Native of Mexico. Mature fruit brownish, and have a 

 strong scent of parsley, as well as every part of the plant. 



Dark-purple- flowered Pentacrypta. PI. 2 feet. 



Cult. This plant will require to be protected in winter ; it 

 can only be increased by seeds. 



XXXVII. A'PIUM (from apon, Celtic for water; habit- 

 ation of plants). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 75. t. 1. f. 8. Koch, umb. 

 128. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 36. prod. 4. p. 100. A'pium species, 

 Lin. Spreng. and Lag. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Margin of calyx obso- 

 lete. Petals roundish, entire. Stylopodium depressed. Fruit 

 roundish, contracted from the sides, didymous ; mericarps with 5 

 filiform equal ribs : lateral ribs marginal : furrows between the 



