UMBELLIFER.E. L. CAUUM. LI. CHAM/ESCIADIUM. LIT. BUKIUM. 



289 



amer. 1. p. 661. Differing from the European plant in the 

 leaves being remarkably long and slender. 



Var. , roseum, flowers rose-coloured. "%.. H. Native of 

 Altaia, near Krasnajaparki, at the river Irtysh. 



Common Carvi, or Caraway. Fl. May, Ju. Britain. PI. 1^ 

 foot. 



2 C. RIGIDULUM (Koch, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 115.) root 

 fusiform ; stem nearly naked, sparingly branched, quite gla- 

 brous ; lower leaves pinnate : leaflets many-parted, even from the 

 base : lobes linear-subulate, acute, undivided or parted ; upper 

 sheaths adpressed, almost leafless ; involucrum almost wanting ; 

 leaves of involucels linear-subulate, about equal in length to the 

 umbellules ; fruit glabrous. "%.. H. Native of Liguria, about 

 Sarzana, &c. Selinum rigidulum, Viv. fl. ital. fragm. 1. p. 14. 

 t. 15. ann. bot. 1. p. 2. p. 164. Spreng umb. spec. 76. Bertol. 

 amoen. ital. p. 348. S. Appianum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 309. S. Appi- 

 anum, Viv. cat. Seseli pimpinelloides Lin. spec. p. 372. Willd. 

 nov. act. nat. cur. 4. p. 109. spec. 1459 ; but the plant under this 

 name from Sprengel is S. Peucedanum ChabraeM, var./3, Podolicum. 



Stiff Caraway. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot. 



SECT. II. BULBOCA'STANUM (from bulbus, a bulb, and castanea, 

 a chestnut ; the root is bulbous, and tastes like a chestnut.) Adans. 

 fam. 2. p. 97. but not of Lag. Both the involucra and involucels 

 are many -leaved. 



* Root bulbous. 



3 C. BULBOCA'STANUM (Koch, umb. p. 121.) root globose; 

 stems terete, branched ; . leaves decompound ; leaflets linear, 

 cuspidate, a little channelled, quite entire, and rather bifid : 

 leaves of involucra and involucels numerous, subulate. If . H. 

 Native of Europe in heaths, pastures, among bushes, and in 

 woods. Bunium, bulbocastanum, Lin. spec. p. 349. Fl. dan. 

 t. 220. Lam. ill. t. 197. Bunium minus Gouan. ill. p. 10. 

 Bunium flexu6sum, Smith. Sium Bulbocastanum, Spreng in 

 Schultes, syst. 6. p. 538. Scandix Bulbocastanum, Mcench, 

 meth. p. 101. Lob. icon. t. 745. f. 1. Tuber or root spherical, 

 black on the outside and white inside, of an agreeable sweet 

 taste. Root leaves tripinnate, cauline ones bipinnate. 



Bulbocastanum, or Earth-nut. Fl. May, Ju. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 



* * Root fasciculate. 



4 C. VERTICILLA'TCM (Koch, umb. p. 122.) root fasciculate, 

 with spindle-shaped branches; stem terete, hardly branched; 

 leaves pinnate ; leaflets many-parted ; segments crowded in a 

 whorled manner, linear- filiform ; leaves of both involucra and 

 involucels numerous, short, and deflexed. T(., H. Native of 

 the western parts of Europe, from Corsica to Britain ; plentiful 

 in the western parts of Scotland and Wales ; in Ireland, near 

 Lane bridge, Killarney, and between Bantry Bay and the river 

 Kenmare. Sison verticillatum, Lin. spec. 363. Smith, engl. 

 bot. t. 395. Lightf. scot. 1096. t. 35. Sium verticillatum, 

 Lam. diet. 1. p. 407. Carvi foliis tenuissimis asphodel! radice, 

 Tourn. inst. 306. Carvi Lusitanicum, &c. Juss. herb. Sprengel 

 refers to this the >5Jthus%fatua, Ait. hort. kew, 1. p. 355. or 

 Meum fatuum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 319. but it appears to have 

 nothing to do 'with the present plant. Flowers white. 



WAorferf-leaved Caraway. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 



Cult. The more sandy the soil is the better the species will 

 grow. They are increased either by dividing at the root, or by 

 seed. 



LI. CHAMjESCIA'DIUM (from \apai, chamai, on the 

 ground, and aKinStov, skiadion, an umbel ; in allusion to the 

 plant being dwarf as well as umbelliferous). Meyer, verz. 

 pflanz. p. 122. Bunium species of Bieb. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx a little 



VOL. HI. 



toothed. Petals ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, oblique or in- 

 flexed at the apex. Stylopodium depressed, margined. Styles 

 reflexed. Fruit ovate-oblon;;, compressed from the sides ; meri- 

 carps solid, having 5 equal filiform ribs : the lateral ribs margin- 

 ating ; with the furrows between the ribs furnished with 3-4 

 vittae each. Seed somewhat semi-terete, flattish in front ; car- 

 pophore adnate, bifid at the apex. An herb with a fusiform root, 

 supra-decompound or bipinnate leaves : having the segments or 

 leaflets divided into many setaceous lobes. Scapes radical. In- 

 volucra and involucels of many leaves. Petals yellow. Com- 

 missure of fruit furnished with 4-6 vittae. The fruit is nearly 

 like that of Slum, and the petals that of Helosciadium. 



1 C. FLAVE'SCENS (Meyer, 1. c.). If. . H. Native throughout 

 the whole of Caucasus, in grassy places, at the elevation of from 

 2400 to 8000 feet ; and of Cappadocia. Bunium acaule, Hoffm. 

 umb. 1. p. 87. and 108. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 205. A'mmi 

 acaule, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 530. Carvi Cappadocicum acaulon 

 foliis Chamaemeli, Tourn. cor. p. 21. 



Yellowish-fiowcred Chamaesciadium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 

 1820. PI. 1 foot. 



Cult. See Bunium for culture and propagation. 



LII. BIPNIUM (from fluvvoQ, bounos, a hill ; habitation of 

 some of the species) Koch, in litt. 1828. Link. enum. 1. p. 267 ? 

 D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 41. prod. 4. p. 115. Bulbocastanum, 

 Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 99. but not of Adans. Myrrhis and Wall- 

 rothia species Spreng. Bunium species of Lin. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Margin of calyx obsolete. 

 Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit con- 

 tracted from the sides, linear-oblong ; mericarps furnished with 

 5 equal filiform, obtuse ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; having the 

 furrows between the ribs furnished with 2-3 vittae each, and the 

 commissure with 4 vittao ; the vittae all superficial. Carpophore 

 free, bifid. Seed teretely convex on the outside, and flattish 

 in front. Herbs perennial. Roots usually tuberous and globose. 

 Stems terete and attenuated at the base in the tuberous rooted 

 species. Leaves decompound ; segments or leaflets divided into 

 many slender linear lobes ; involucra various : involucels few- 

 leaved. Flowers white, rarely yellow or green. 



SECT. I. CHRY'SEUM (from -^ovaog, chrysos, gold ; in allusion 

 to the yellow flowers of the species.) D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 41. 

 prod. 4. p. 116. Both the involucra and involucels are many- 

 leaved. Flowers yellow or greenish. Styles diverging. The 

 vittae in the furrows of the fruit in the different species are 

 variable in number. This section is intermediate between Carum 

 and Bunium, but differs from both these genera in the flowers 

 being yellow. 



1 B. FEUCEDANoiDES (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 211. suppl. 208.) 

 root fusiform ; stem striately furrowed, branched; leaves bipin- 

 nate : leaflets of the radical leaves decussated, with broader 

 lobes ; segments of the cauline leaves linear and divaricate ; 

 leaves of involucra and involucels short and setaceous ; rays of 

 umbel very unequal. T(. . H. Native of Caucasus, about Nar- 

 tzana, and on Mount Bechtau, among grass. Sium peucedanol- 

 des, Spreng. umb. spec. 41. no. 5. syst. 1. p. 906. Peucedanum 

 carvifolium, Bieb. Petals pale yellow. The furrows of the 

 fruit are only furnished with one vitta each, according to Besser ; 

 but in fruit of the plant sent from Fischer, the furrows are 

 furnished with 2-3 vittae each, rarely solitary. 



Sulphur-rvort-like Earth-nut. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. 

 PI. 1 to 2 fe'et. 



2 B. VIRE'SCENS(D. C. mem. soc. gen. vol. 4. prod. 4. p. 116.) 

 root fusiform ; stem striately furrowed, branched ; leaves bi- 

 pinnate ; leaflets of all the leaves linear; leaves of involucra 

 and involucels short and setaceous ; rays of umbel very unequal. 

 y.. H. Native of Burgundy, on a mountain called Afrique, near 



