UMBELLIFEILE. LXXV. ENDRESSIA. LXXVI. THASPIUM. LXXVII. TROCHISCANTHES. LXXVIII. ATHAMANTA. 315 



in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 563. Angelica scabra, Petit, 

 inann. sc. obs. 1. p. 99. t. 3. D. C. prod. 4. p. 168. 



Scabrous Petitia. PI. i to \ foot. 



Cult. Sow the seeds in a dry situation in spring, in light 

 earth. 



LXXV. ENDRE'SSIA (in honour of M. Endress, a young 

 botanist, who has travelled in the Pyrenees). Gay, in ann. sc. 

 nat. 26. p. 223. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx at first 

 obscure, but increase in length as the fruit comes to maturity ; 

 they are at last erect and subulate, and longer than the stylo- 

 podium. Petals without claws, quite entire, ovate-lanceolate, 

 acuminated, and very acute, with an involute point. Fruit com- 

 pressed a little from the sides, oblong-elliptic, crowned by the 

 reflexed styles. Mericarps convex on the back ; with 5 distant, 

 equal, filiform ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; furrows of fruit 

 very broad ; vittae 6 in the commissure, 4 in the lateral furrows, 

 and 3 in the dorsal ones, all distinct. Seed adhering. A pe- 

 rennial, smooth herb ; with an oblique root, which is naked at 

 the neck. Stem slender, quite simple, angularly striated, smooth, 

 unless just under the umbel, where it is scabrous, a foot high, 

 bearing 2 or 3 leaves. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets sessile, decus- 

 sate, palmately 3-parted : segments palmately 3-5 -cleft ; lobules 

 linear, cuspidate. Umbels terminal, small, dense, when in fruit 

 nearly globose ; with short, stiff, smooth rays. Involucrum 

 wanting, very rarely of 3-4 leaves; involucels of 1-5 linear- 

 subulate leaves, which are about equal in length to umbellules, 

 and sometimes much shorter. Petals white. Stylopodium small. 

 Carpophore bipartite. 



1 E. PYRENA'ICA (Gay, 1. c.). 2/.H. Native of the Eastern 

 Pyrenees, in alpine or subalpine pastures. Laserpitium simplex, 

 Lapeyr. abr. p. 152. Ligusticum simplex, Benth. cat. pyr. p. 

 96. Meum Pyrenaicum, Gay, in D. C. prod. 4. p. 162. 



Pyrenees Endressia. PI. 1 foot. 



Cult. See Cenolbphium, p. 313. for culture and propagation. 



LXXVI. THA'SPIUM (from the Isle of Thapsia, which 

 gave the name to the Thapsia of the ancients ; in ailusion to its 

 affinity with that genus). Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196. exclusive 

 of some species. D. C. prod. 4. p. 153. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. 

 Petals elliptic, tapering into a long, inflexed point. Fruit not 

 contracted from the sides, somewhat elliptic ; mericarps convex, 

 with 5 winged, nearly equal ribs ; furrows striated, each fur- 

 nished with 1 vitta : and the commissure with 2. Seed terete. 

 Perennial herbs, natives of North America. Involucra want- 

 ing ; involucels unilateral, of 3 leaves. This is a very distinct 

 genus from Smyrnium and Zizia; but it is evidently allied to 

 Cmdium, from the fruit, but is distinguished from that genus in 

 the calyx being 5-toothed, in the petals not being emarginate, 

 in the involucels being 3-leaved, and in habit. 



1. Umbels opposite the leaves. Flowers dark purple. 



1 T. ATROPURPU'REUM (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196.) radical 

 leaves petiolate, cordate, undivided ; cauline leaves pinnate, of 

 3-7 ovate-oblong, cartilaginously toothed, petiolulate leaflets. 

 7i . H. Native from Carolina to Virginia, on hills ; frequent 

 about Philadelphia. Smyrnium atropurpureum, Lam. diet. 3. 

 p. 667. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 366. Cnidium atropurpureum, 

 Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 418. Flowers greenish while 

 young, but at length becoming dark purple. Fruit small, with 

 the wings exserted, and membranous. 



Dark pur^e-flowered Thaspium. Clt. 1810. PL 2 feet. 



2. Umbels terminal. Flowers yellow. 



2 T. BARBINO'DE (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196.) lower leaves 

 somewhat triternate : superior ones biternate ; leaflets ovate- 

 cuneated, acute, unequally and deeply serrated, but entire at the 

 base. I/ . H. Native about Philadelphia, on the shady banks 

 of the Schuylkill. Ligusticum barbinode, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 

 1. p. 167. Smyrnium, Muhl. cat. p. 32. Thapsia trifoliate, 

 Mill. diet. no. 5.? Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 615. Um- 

 bels dichotomous, terminal. Petals yellow. Fruit elliptic, with 

 7 wings : the alternating ones larger than the others. Stem pu- 

 bescent at the joints, the rest glabrous. 



Bearded-jointed Thaspium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 700. PI. 

 2 to 3 feet. 



3 T. ACT.EIFOI.IUM (Nutt. 1. c.) leaves biternate : leaflets oval, 

 equally toothed ; umbels somewhat verticillate : lateral ones 

 sterile. %. H. Native of Canada, on the banks of the St. 

 Lawrence, near Tadoussach ; and of Virginia. Ligusticum 

 actseifolium, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 166. Herb 3 feet 

 high. Leaves of involucels setaceous. Fruit oblong-oval, with 

 10 rather winged ribs. 



Actcea-leaved Thaspium. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 3 ft. 



Cult. The species of this genus will grow in any common 

 garden soil, but best in peat ; and are easily increased by dividing 

 at the root, or by seed. 



LXXVII. TROCHISCA'NTHES(from rpo x riooc, trochiskos, 

 a small wheel, and avfloj, anthos, a flower ; shape of flowers). 

 Koch, umb. p. 103. f. 95. Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. p. 401. D. C. 

 prod. 4. p. 154. Podopetalum, Gaud. mss. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. 

 Petals on long claws, spatulately obovate, with a triangular in- 

 flexed point. Fruit a little compressed from the sides ; meri- 

 carps with 5 sharp, rather winged, equal ribs : lateral ribs mar- 

 ginating ; vittse 3-4 in the furrows, which are broad, and 8 in 

 the commissure. Carpophore bipartite, Seed rather semi- 

 terete. Glabrous, perennial herbs. Radical leaf biternate ; 

 leaflets large, ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrated. Stem much 

 branched, naked at the apex. Involucra wanting, or of 1 leaf; 

 involucels of 2-5 leaves. Flowers white, those in the disk of 

 the umbel sterile. 



1 T. NODIFLO'RUS (Koch, umb. p. 104.\ Tf.. H. Native of 

 Upper Provence, Dauphiny, Vallais, Piedmont, Hungary, &c. in 

 shady mountain woods. Smyrnium nodiflorum, All. pedem. 2. 

 p. 25. t. 72. Ligusticum nodiflorum, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 608. 

 Angelica paniculata, Lam. diet. 1. p. 172. Imperatoria nodi- 

 flora, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 417. Laserpitium verticillatum, Waldst. 

 et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 186. t. 171. is perhaps properly re- 

 ferred to this by Sprengel, but it appears to differ in the form of 

 the petals and fruit. 



Knot-flowered Trochiscanthes. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. 

 PI. 3 feet. 



Cult. See Thaspium above for culture and propagation. 



LXXVIII. ATHAMA'NTA (some species found upon 

 Mount Athamas, in Sicily). Koch, umb. p. 106. f. 49-50. but 

 not of Scop. D. C. prod. 4. p. 154. Bubon and Athamanta, 

 species of Lin. Athamanta species, Spreng. Libanotis, Scop, 

 intr. no. 301. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 100. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. 

 Petals obovate, emarginate, or entire, with a very short ungui- 

 culate inflexed point. Fruit attenuated at the neck ; transverse 

 section nearly terete, or a little compressed from the sides; 

 mericarps with 5 filiform, wingless, equal ribs : lateral ribs 

 marginating ; vittse 2 or 3 in each furrow. Seed somewhat 

 semi-terete. Carpophore unknown. Perennial or biennial 

 herbs, usually velvety from villi on the stem, leaves, and fruit, 

 s s 2 



