UMBELLIFER/E. LXXIX. LIGUSTICUM. 



317 



LXXIX. LIGU'STICUM (so named from some of the spe- 

 cies growing abundantly in Liguria). Koch. umb. p. 104. f. 

 44-47. but not of Lag. D. C. prod. 4. p. 157. Ligusticum 

 species of authors. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, 

 or obsolete. Petals obovate, acute, emarginate, with an inflexed 

 point, on very short claws. Transverse section of fruit nearly 

 terete, or a little compressed from the sides ; mericarps with 5 

 sharp, rather winged, equal ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; vittae 

 many, both in the furrows and commissure. Seed almost semi- 

 terete. Herbs, for the most part perennial. Leaves decom- 

 pound, or ternately divided. Involucra various ; involucels of 

 many leaves. Flowers white. 



1. Margin of calyx evidently 5-toothed: teeth permanent. 



1 L. SCOTICUM (Lin. spec. p. 359.) stem slightly branched at 

 the upper part, striated, smooth ; leaves biternate, opaque ; 

 leaflets rhomboid, broad, acute, smooth, serrated ; involucra of 

 unequal, partly leafy, entire leaves ; leaves of involucel more 

 numerous, lanceolate, rather unequal. l/.H. Native of Lap- 

 land, Norway, &c., North America, and Siberia ; Kotzebue's 

 Sound, and Kamtschatka ; Scotland on the sea-coast about the 

 Frith of Forth ; also on the western coast ; very abundant in 

 rocky places ; about Dunstonburgh Castle in Northumberland. 

 Smith, engl. bot. t. 1207. Fl. dan. t. 207. Torrey, fl. un. st. 

 1. p. 313. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 390. An- 

 gelica Scotica, Lam. diet. 1. p. 173. Seseli Scoticum, Riv. pent, 

 irr. p. 59. A'pium ternatum, Willcl. herb, in Rcem. et Schultes, 

 syst. 6. p. 431. Flowers white, with a reddish tinge ; anthers 

 red. Fruit oblong, having the commissure furnished with 6 

 vittae. Root fusiform, warm, and pungent. The herb is eaten 

 either crude or boiled by the natives of Scotland and its isles. 

 The flavour is highly acrid, and though aromatic, and perhaps 

 not unwholesome, is very nauseous to those who are unaccus- 

 tomed to such food. L. Scoticum, Lour. coch. p. 183. cultivated 

 in Cochin-china, belongs probably to a distinct genus, from the 

 circumstance of the petals being entire. 



Scotch Lovage. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 



2. Margin of calyx minutely 5-toothed. Involucra of 

 many leaves. 



2 L. CARNi6iicuM (Host, fl. aust. 1. p. 378.) stem erect, 

 branched, striated ; radical leaves triternate ; leaflets decurrent, 

 pinnate-parted : segments pinnatifid, mucronate ; involucra of 

 many leaves, which are toothed at the apex. % . H. Native 

 of Carniola, on a mountain called Grosskahlenberg ; and of Sile- 

 sia. Fruit large, nearly 3 lines long, ovate-oblong, having the 

 ribs short and a little winged, and with the furrows broad and 

 furnished with 3 vittae each. Teeth of calyx very small. 



Carniolian Lovage. PI. 2 to 3 feet ? 



3 L. ALA'TUM (Spreng. umb. spec. p. 125.) stem furrowed 

 and winged ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets petiolate, ovate, 

 decurrent, pinnatifid : segments deeply serrated, oblong ; invo- 

 lucra of few leaves ; leaves of involucels setaceous, about equal 

 in length to the umbellules. l/.H. Native of Caucasus, in 

 grassy places. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 551. Athamanta 

 alata, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 214. Cnidivim myrrhifolium, Bieb. 

 suppl. p. 212. Flowers rose-coloured when young, but at length 

 becoming white ; anthers red. Margin of calyx short, 5- 

 toothed. The commissure, according to Koch, is furnished with 

 4-6 vittae, and the furrows with as many, from which it differs 

 from the genus Cnidium and especially from C. apiifblium, which 

 is very like. 



Winged- stemmed Lovage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 

 4 to 5 feet. 



4 L. FERULA'CEUM (All. pedem. no. 1319. t. 60. f. 1.) stem 

 branched, striated ; leaves supra-decompound ; segments rather 

 remote, linear, cuspidate ; leaves of involucra pinnatifid at the 

 apex. $ . H. Native of Dauphiny, Piedmont, and Jura, on 

 the lower alps, in open places ; and of Dauria, but not of the 

 Pyrenees, because L. ferulaceum of Lapeyr. is Seseli Libanotis, 

 Laserpitium Dauricum, Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 38. Ligusticum 

 Seguieri, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 615. exclusive of the synonymes. 

 Furrows of fruit furnished with 3-4 vittae each, and the com- 

 missure with 8 vittae. ex Koch, umb. p. 105. Stems usually 

 spotted. 



Ferula-like Lovage. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1775. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 



5 L. CYNAPiiFbLiuM (Viv. in litt. 1820. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 

 158.) stem terete, branched ; leaves decompound from the pe- 

 tiole being much branched ; leaflets multifid : segments linear, 

 acute ; involucra and involucels of many leaves ; umbel of many 

 rays ; umbellules nearly globose, many-flowered. It. H. Na- 

 tive of Corsica, in the fissures of rocks. Habit almost of Cnidium 

 apioldes or Ligusticum Seguierii, but is easily distinguished from 

 them in the involucrum being of many leaves ; and from L. 

 ferulaceum it is distinguished by the stem being hardly striated, 

 in the leaves of involucels being undivided, and in the umbel- 

 lules being more crowded with flowers. Mature fruit not seen. 



Fool' s-parsley-leaved Lovage. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 



6 L. CONIIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 158.) stem terete, 

 branched ; leaves supra-decompound, glabrous ; leaflets pinna- 

 tifid : lobes acutely toothed ; involucra and involucels of many 

 linear, acute, deflexed leaves, which are as well as the rays of the 

 umbel and upper part of the stem pubescent. %. H. Native 

 of Nipaul, on high mountains. Laserpitium coniifolium, Wall, 

 mss. Plant tall and very showy. Radical leaves 2 feet long, 

 with trifid petioles. Mericarps with 5 wings, and having many 

 vittae in the furrows. 



Hemlock-leaved Lovage. PI. 4 to 6 feet. 



7 L. STRIA'TUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 158.) stem terete, branched ; 

 leaves bipinnate ; lobes or leaflets entire, acute, rarely cut ; in- 

 volucra and involucels of 5-6 linear, spreadingly-deflexed leaves, 

 which are glabrous as well as the stems and rays of the umbel. 

 1{ . H. Native of Nipaul, in the Great Valley, in rice-fields. 

 Laserpitium striatum, Wall, mss., but is referrible to the genus 

 Ligusticum from the mericarps being furnished with 5 wings, 

 and in the furrows being furnished with many vittae, &c. 



Striated Lovage. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 



8 L. CUNEIFOLIUM (Guss. pi. rar. p. 130. t. 26.) stem striated, 

 branched ; leaves shining, tripinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid : seg- 

 ments short, cuneiform, trifid, obtuse, awned, approximate ; iri- 

 volucra permanent, of many leaves ; fruit oval, glabrous. "If. . H. 

 Native of the kingdom of Naples, in Abbruzzo, in open places 

 of valleys. Allied to L. Pyren^um. 



Wedge-leafletted Lovage. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



9 L. DI'SCOLOR (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 310. fl. alt. 1. p. 

 321.) lower leaves ternately bipinnate ; lower leaflets petiolate, 

 ternate : upper ones and segments of the lower ones oblong, 

 pinnatifid, or cut, decurrent ; involucra of many lanceolate- 

 linear, deciduous leaves ; involucels of many linear, permanent 

 leaves. I/. H. Native of Altaia, near Riddersk, Alexan- 

 drowsk, and Belaja at the river Buchtorminsk. L. Peloponne- 

 siacum, Pall. itin. 2. p. 528. ? Root fusiform, stupose, perhaps 

 biennial. Stem solitary, branched, furrowed, glabrous. Leaves 

 pale green above, and pale glaucous beneath. Petioles of 

 radical leaves half a foot long, ternate, and the divisions bi- 

 pinnate. Rays of umbel variable in length. Calyx with 5 

 minute teeth. Petals white. Mericarps with 5 rather winged 

 ribs ; having the furrows furnished with 3 vittae, and the com- 

 missure with 4-6. It differs from L. candicans of Aiton, in 

 the involucra being of many leaves. 



