UMBELLIFER^E. LXXXIV. CONIOSELINUM. LXXXV. CRITHMUM. LXXXVI. LEVISTICUM. 



321 



LXXXIV. CONIOSELVNUM (a name evidently composed 

 of Conium and Selinum). Fisch. in Hoffm. umb. ed. 2. p. 185. 

 tit. f. 5. Koch, diss. ined. D C. prod. 4. p. 163. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete. 

 Petals obcordate or obovate, with an indexed point. Styles at 

 length diverging, reflexed. Fruit rather compressed from the 

 back, or convex ; mericarps with 5 winged ribs ; the lateral ribs 

 twice the breadth of the others, and marginal ; vittse unequal, 

 3 in the lateral furrows, but usually 2 in the dorsal ones, and 

 4-8 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat on 

 one side Glabrous, biennial herbs. Stems branched, fistular. 

 Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets pinnate-parted : segments oblong- 

 linear. Umbels terminal, of many rays. Involucra wanting, 

 or of few leaves. Involucels of 5-7 linear-subulate leaves, which 

 are about equal in length to the umbellules, or longer. This is 

 an ambiguous genus, intermediate between the tribe Peucedanece 

 and Sesclinece ; with the first it agrees in the mericarps being 

 winged, and with the last in the mericarps being convex on the 

 back. Flowers white. 



1 C. FISCHE'RI (Wimm. et Grab, ex flora 1828. p. 215.). 

 $ . H. Native of Siberia, Tartary, Ingria, Silesia, and Savoy, 

 on the mountains ; North America between the Coppermine and 

 Mackenzie rivers ; Labrador ; Straits of De Fuca, on the north- 

 west coast ; Kotzebue's Sound. C. Tataricum, Hoffm. 1. c. 

 Perhaps C. 1'ngricum or C. neglectum, Fisch. in litt. is not dis- 

 tinct from this. Perhaps Ligusticum Gmelini, Cham, et Schlecht. 

 in Linnsea. 1. p. 391. and Gmel. sib. 1. p. 195. t. 44. apper- 

 tains also to this plant. Perhaps all these different names be- 

 long to different species, or probably to the same, but they are 

 so much confused that it is impossible to extricate them. 



Fischer's Conioselinum. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



Cult. This plant is only to be increased by seed, which 

 should be sown in the open ground early in spring. A light 

 soil suits it best. 



LXXXV. CRITHMUM (from KptOr,, krithe, barley ; simi- 

 larity in the seeds). Tourn. inst. p. 317. t. 169. Lin. gen. no. 

 340. Koch, umb. p. 102. D. C: prod. 4. p. 16t. Cachrys 

 species, Spreng. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso- 

 lete. Petals roundish, entire, involute, ending in an obovate 

 segment. Transverse section of fruit nearly terete ; mericarps 

 with 5 elevated, sharp, rather winged ribs : lateral ribs a little 

 broader than the rest, and marginating ; pericarp spongy, with 

 large cells. Seed semi-terete, constituting a free nucleus, which 

 is covered with copious vittse in every part. A suffruticose, 

 glabrous, fleshy herb. Petioles sheathing at the base. Leaves 

 bipinnate ; leaflets oblong-linear. Umbels compound. Invo- 

 lucra and involucels of many leaves. Flowers white. This 

 genus differs from all others in the present tribe as the genus 

 Archangelica does from the rest of the genera in tribe Ange- 

 liceee, in the seed being a free nucleus, covered with copious vittae. 



1 C. MARI'TIMUM (Lin. spec. 354.). 1. H. Native of rocky 

 sea-shores and cliffs ; as along the Black Sea, in Tauria ; and 

 along the Mediterranean Sea ; and of Europe along the shores 

 of the Western Ocean from Spain to Britain ; and of the Canary 

 Islands ; in Britain, on the rocky sea-shore and cliffs. Smith, 

 engl. bot. 819. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 87. Cachrys maritima, 

 Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 442. Crethamus, Cord. hist. 

 201. f. 1. Sampire, Petiv. hort. brit. t. 24. f. 8. Lob. icon. 

 392. f. 1. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 2. 194. f. 1. Moris, hist. 3. p. 

 289. sect. 9. t. 7. f. 1. Root branched, creeping extensively. 

 Herb greenish-glaucous, salt, and pungently aromatic in flavour. 

 Stems ascending. Leaves biternate ; leaflets uniform, lanceo- 

 late, tapering at the base. Leaves of involucra and involucels 

 ovate, acute, spreading, rather short. Flowers white, with yel- 

 VOL. in. 



lowish anthers. Samphire is called Perce-picrre and Saint-pierre 

 of which our English name appears to be a corruption) in French ; 

 Meerfeuche in German ; and Finnochio marino in Italian. The 

 herb makes an old-fashioned English pickle, as those know 

 who read Shakspeare's King Lear. It is sold in the London 

 shops ; but there are many plants preferred for the same pur- 

 pose, as Salicbrnea herbacea and Inula crithmifolia, &c., and is 

 a frequent addition in salads. In taste it is crisp and aromatic, 

 and constitutes alight and wholesome condiment. It is generally 

 gathered in places where it is found wild ; and the allusion to 

 the practice by Shakspeare, in his description of Dover Cliffs, 

 is well known. The plant is also used medicinally. 



Var. ft, Canariense (Cav. anal, scienc. nat. 1801. vol. 3. p. 

 35.) leaves more sheathing (ex Cav.), but the difference between 

 the Canary Island plant and the European is hardly discernible. 



Sea-side or Common Samphire. Fl. Aug. Brit. PI. 1 ft. 



Cult. Samphire is propagated by parting the roots, or by 

 sowing the seeds in April ; but is rather difficult of cultivation. 

 Marshall says " it likes a cool situation ; but yet prefers a 

 sandy or a gravelly soil, and plenty of water. Some," he adds, 

 " have found it to do best in pots, set for the morning sun only." 

 J. Braddick placed it in a sheltered dry situation, screened from 

 the morning sun, protected it by litter during winter, and in 

 spring sprinkled the soil with a little powdered barilla. " This 

 I do," he says " to furnish the plant with a supply of soda, since, 

 in its native place of growth, it possesses the power of de- 

 composing sea water, from which it takes the fossil alkali, and 

 rejects the muriatic acid. With this treatment it has continued 

 to flourish at Thames Ditton for some years, producing an 

 ample supply of shoots, which are cut twice in the season, for 

 pickling or to be used in salads. 



Tribe VI. 



ANGELI'CEjE (this tribe contains plants agreeing in im- 

 portant characters with the genus Angelica) or Orthospermae 

 paucijugatae tetrapterae, Koch, umb. p. 98. D. C. prod. 4. 

 p. 164. Fruit compressed from the back, girded by a double 

 dilated winged margin, from the raphe being central or nearly 

 so, hence the fruit is furnished with 2 wings on both sides. 

 Mericarps with 5 ribs : dorsal 3 filiform or winged : lateral 2 

 always expanded into wings, and always broader than the dor- 

 sal ones, even if they also should be winged. Seeds rather 

 convex on the back, and flattish in front. 



LXXXVI. LEVI'STICUM (from levo, to assuage ; said to 

 relieve flatulency). Koch, umb. p. 101 . f. 41. D. C. prod. 4. 

 p. 164. Ligusticum, Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 91. but not of Koch. 

 Angelica species of Lam. All. and D. C. Ligusticum species 

 of Lin. and Spreng. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete. 

 Petals incurved, roundish, entire, with a short point. Fruit 

 compressed from the back, having 2 wings on each side : 

 the mericarps gaping towards the margin. Mericarps with 5 

 winged ribs : the wings of the lateral ribs twice the breadth of 

 the others ; vittse 1 in each furrow, and 2-4 in the commissure. 

 Carpophore bipartite. Seed convex on the back, and flattish in 

 front. A strong, perennial, glabrous, smooth herb. Stems 

 terete. Leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets obovate-cunea- 

 ted, deeply toothed, rather coriaceous. Involucra and invo- 

 lucels of many leaves. Flowers yellow. 



1 L. OFFICINA'LE (Koch, 1. c.). I/- H. Native of the Py- 

 renees, Cevennes, Dauphiny, Liguria, west of Germany, and 

 Transylvania. Ligusticum Levisticum, Lin. spec. p. 359. 

 Schultes, syst. 6. p. 567. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 6. Woodv. 

 med. bot. t. 190. Blackw. icon. t. 275. Angelica pal udapi- 

 folia, Lam. diet. 1. p. 173. Angelica Levisticum, All. pedem. 

 no. 1309. Levisticum vulgare, Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 3. The 

 TT 



