324 



UMBELLIFER^E. XC. ARCHANOELICA. XCI. OPOPANAX. 



Thames, between Woolwich and Plumstead, very abundantly ; 

 in the county of Durham ; and at Broadmere, about 7 miles 

 north-west from Birmingham. Angelica Archangelica, Lin. 

 spec. 360. Oed. fl. dan. t. 206. Nees, off. pfl. 9. t. 14. Hayn. 

 arz. gew. 7. t. 8. Smith, engl. bot. 2561. Woodv. med. bot. t. 

 60. Angelica officinalis, Moench, meth. p. 81. Angel, saliva, 

 Mill. diet. no. 1. Riv. pent. t. 15. Petiv. herb. brit. t. 24. f. 9. 

 Gamer, epit. 899. f. 1. Ger. emac. 1000. Flowers greenish. 

 The garden angelica was formerly cultivated on account of its 

 leaf-stalks, which were blanched, and eaten as celery ; now they 

 are used only when candied, being, when so prepared, acceptable 

 to most people, and are not so powerfully aromatic ; the young 

 and tender stalks are for this purpose collected in May. Some- 

 times also the seeds and leaves are used in medicinal prepara- 

 tions. The root, which is the most efficacious part, is used in 

 the aromatic tincture. Of the anti-pestilential virtues of the 

 root, those who wish to be informed will find amusement at 

 least in old Gerarde, p. 1000. 



The plant delights in moist situations, or the bank of running 

 water ; but will grow freely in any soil or exposure. The 

 plants are raised from seed, and for a bed 4^ feet by 6, sown in 

 drills a foot apart, to be transplanted ; half an ounce of seed 

 will be requisite. " Sow in August, or as soon as the seed is 

 ripe, as the plants will come up earlier and stronger than from 

 sowing in the spring. When the plants are advanced from 4 to 

 6 inches high, transplant them into rows 2 feet apart. They 

 will soon strike root, and advance quickly in strong growth. In 

 the second year these strong erect branchy stalks will be several 

 feet high, producing large umbels of flowers and seed, ripening 

 in autumn, which, as well as the leaves of the plant, are used in 

 medicine. But for candying, the young shoots of the stem and 

 stalks of the leaves are the useful parts ; being cut while green 

 and tender in May and June, they are made by the confectioners 

 into the sweet-meat called angelica. In the second year, if seed 

 is not wanted, cut the plants down in May, and the stock will 

 send out side shoots ; by repeating this practice every year, the 

 same plant may be long continued." Abercrombie. 



Officinal or Garden-angelica. Fl. June, Sept. . Britain. PI. 

 4 to C feet. 



2 A. ATROPURPU'R'EA (Hoffm. umb. 169.) stem polished, pur- 

 ple, with a glaucous bloom, branched at the top ; leaves ternate, 

 then pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acute, deeply serrated, and some- 

 what lobed : the terminal ones confluent ; petioles dilated, and 

 tumid at the base ; branches and umbels pubescent ; involucra 

 wanting ; the involucels of many narrow leaves. $ . H. Na- 

 tive from Canada to Virginia, in moist meadows. Angelica 

 atropurpurea, Lin. spec. 360. Lam. diet. 1. p. 173. Torr. fl. un. 

 st. 1. p. 316. Angelica triquinata, Bigel. fl. bost. p. 68. ex Torr. 

 Corn. can. 199. with a bad figure Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 3. 

 f. 9. bad. Petals rusty purplish or white. The plant may be 

 used in the same way as the A. officinalis. 



Dark-purple-slemmed Archangelica. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 

 1 759. PI. 4 to 6 feet. 



3 A. DECU'RRENS (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 166. fl. alt. 1. p. 

 316.) stem striated, with a glaucous bloom, furnished with leaves 

 and axillary branches at the base ; leaves pinnate or bipinnate : 

 lower leaflets pinnate, upper ones pinnatifid : segments oblong, 

 or ovate-oblong, acuminated, decurrent : odd one 3-lobed ; in- 

 volucra of many narrow leaves. "%.. H. Native of Altaia, 

 every where on the margin of rivulets. Flowers like those of A. 

 officinalis, but varying more to yellow. Habit of A. officinalis, 

 but differs in the leaves being much acuminated, those on the 

 secondary branches of the petiole running down it a great way, 

 and serrated their whole length. Fruit exhaling a heavy smell 

 when rubbed. 



Decurrent-leafieited. Archangelica. Fl. year. PI. 6 to 8 ft. 



4 A. LITTORA'LIS (Agardh, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 170.) 

 stem glabrous, terete, striated, hard; leaves bipinnate; leaflets 

 ovate, acute, serrated : odd one 3-lobed ; sheaths large ; leaves 

 of involucels rather scabrous, one-half shorter than the umbel- 

 lules. 1. H. Native of the north of Europe, on the sea 

 shore. Archangelica spuria or A. littoralis, Wahl. carp. p. 84. 

 A. major, Lag. gen. nov. et spec. p. 13.? Dodon. pempt. 318. 

 f. 1 ? Flowers whitish. Stem hard and acrid, not edible. 



Sea-shore Archangelica. PI. 4 to 6 feet. 



5 A. GMELI'NI (D.C. prod. 4. p. 170.) stem glabrous, terete, 

 striated ; leaves ternate ; leaflets tripartite : lobes ovate, ser- 

 rated, cuneated at the base ; sheaths middle-sized ; leaves of in- 

 volucels about equal in length to the umbellules. I/. H. Na- 

 tive of Kamtschatka and Kotzebue's Sound. Angelica Gmelini, 

 Wormsk. ex Fisch. in litt. A'pium ternatum, Pall, in Spreng. 

 syst. 1. p. 890. The plant is used for culinary purposes by the 

 Russians in Kamtschatka. Fruit like those of A. officinalis, but 

 more oblong, and the vittae are fewer. There is a dwarfer 

 variety of this found in Kotzebue's Sound. 



Gmelin's Archangelica. PI. 1| foot. 



Cult. The species are of easy cultivation ; and are only to 

 be increased by seed. 



Tribe VII. 



PEUCEDA'NEjE (so named from the plants agreeing with 

 the genus Peucedanum in many points), or Orthospermae pauci- 

 jugatas dipterae. Selineas, Koch, umb. p. 88. Fruit flatly or 

 lenticularly compressed from the back, girded by an entire dila- 

 ted smooth winged flattened or rather convex margin. Mericarps 

 with 5 filiform ribs, which are rarely winged ; lateral ones conti- 

 guous to the margin, or running into it ; raphe marginal, hence 

 the fruit is only furnished with one wing on each side, not as in 

 tribe Angelicece, furnished with 2 wings on each side from the 

 raphe being central. Seed flattened or convex on the back: 



XCI. OPO'PANAX (from OTTOC, opos, juice, rav, pan, all, 

 and aicoc, akos, a remedy; that is to say, a plant the juice of 

 which is supposed to cure all diseases). Koch, umb. 96. D. C. 

 prod. 4. p. 170. Pastinaca and Laserpitium species. Ferula 

 species, Spreng. Lag. 



LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete. 

 Petals roundish, entire, involute, with an acutish point. Stylo- 

 podium broad, thick. Styles very short. Fruit flatly compres- 

 sed from the back, girded by a dilated convex margin. Meri- 

 carps with 3 dorsal filiform slender ribs : the lateral ones absent 

 or not distinct from the margins ; vittae 3 in each furrow, and 

 6-10 in the commissure. Seed flat. A perennial herb. Root 

 thick. Stem rough. Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets unequally cor- 

 date, crenated, obtuse. Umbels composed of many rays. In- 

 volucra and involucels of few leaves. Flowers yellow. 



1 O. CmRbuiuM (Koch, 1. c.) l/.H. Native of the south 

 of France, in open situations ; also of Italy, Sicily, Croatia, and 

 Greece. Nees, off. pfl. 17. t. 11. Laserpitium Chironium, 

 Lin. spec. p. 376. Pastinaca Opopanax, Lin. spec. 376. Gouan. 

 ill. t. 14*. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. t. 211. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 

 288. Woodv. med. bot. t. 113. Selinum Opopanax, Crantz, 

 austr. p. 53. Ferula Opopanax, Spreng. umb. spec. 77. Schultes, 

 syst. 6. p. 597. Pastinaca ahissima, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 465. 

 Lob. icon. t. 702. Moris, hist. 3. p. 315. sect. 9. t. 17. f. 2. 

 Sheaths at the flowering branches spathaceous, and sometimes 

 destitute of leaves. Leaves hairy, especially beneath. Although, 

 the plant is a native of the south of Europe, the gum-resin, 

 which is said to be obtained by wounding the stalk or root, is 

 brought from the Levant and the East Indies, sometimes in 

 round drops or tears, but more commonly in irregular lumps, of 

 a reddish yellow-colour on the outside, with specks of white ; 



