33S 



UMBELLIFER^E. CHI. TIEDEMANNIA. CIV. ARCHEMORA. CV. PASTINACA. 



pressed (f. 64. c.) from the back. Mericarps with 5 filiform, 

 rather keeled ribs, at equal distances, approximate : lateral ribs 

 dilated into a membranous margin (f. 64. c.), broader than the 

 fruit. Vittse solitary in the furrows, and filling them, and twin 

 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat. Gla- 

 brous herbs, natives of North America, in marshes. Stems te- 

 rete. Leaves reduced to the petioles, which are terete, acute, 

 fistular, and jointed, without any leaflets. Involucra and invo- 

 lucels of 4-5 subulate leaves. Flowers white. Habit of Stum, 

 (Endnthe, and Ottba, but the fruit is that of dnethum, and the 

 anthers are very different from those of all other umbelliferous 

 plants. 



1 T. TERETIFO'LIA (D. C. FIG. 64. 



prod. 4. p. 187.). O? H. Na- 

 tive of Carolina. CEnanthe filifor- 

 mis, Walt. car. p. 113. but not 

 of Lam. CEnanthe Caroliniensis, 

 Pers. ench. 1. p. 318. Pursh, 

 fL.bor. amer. 1. p. 194. Slum 

 teretifolium, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 

 354. (fig. 64.) 



Terete-leaved Tiedemannia. 

 PI. 1 foot. 



Cult. Sow the seeds of this 

 plant in a pot filled with peat, 

 and place a pan of water under 

 it. 



CIV. ARCHEMO'RA (from Archemorus, in mythology, 

 son of Lycurgus, slain by an adder ; in reference to the poison- 

 ous quality of the plants). D. C. coll. diss. 5. p. 52. prod. 4. 

 p. 188. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. 

 Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point. Fruit compressed 

 from the back, flat, oval, or obovate. Mericarps with 5 filiform, 

 rather keeled ribs at equal distances, approximate ; lateral ones 

 dilated into a membranous margin, which is almost broader than 

 the seeds. Vittse solitary in the furrows, and filling them ; but 

 twin in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat. 

 Marsh herbs, natives of North America. Leaves pinnate. In- 

 volucrum wanting, or of few leaves ; involucels of many leaves. 

 Flowers white. Habitof (Endntheor Slum. Fruit of Pastinaca. 



1 A. AMBI'GUA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 188.) stem smooth ; leaves 

 pinnate : with 3-5 pairs of linear, sessile, undivided, acute 

 leaves ; involucrum wanting : involucels of 3-5 subulate leaves ; 

 fruit oval. I/ . B. H. Native of New Jersey, and about Phi- 

 ladelphia, in marshes. CEnanthe ambigua, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. 

 p. 189. Pastinaca ambigua, Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 315. Sium 

 longifolium, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 194. Habit almost of 

 (Endnthe peucedanifolia, ex Nutt Hardly distinct from the 

 following. This is a truly poisonous herb. 



Ambiguous Archemora. PI. 6 to 10 feet. 



2 A. RI'GIDA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 188.) stem striated; leaves 

 pinnate ; leaflets sessile, oblong-lanceolate, marginate, almost 

 entire ; involucrum wanting ; involucels of 6-8 subulate leaves ; 

 fruit oval. 1. B...H. Native of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 

 Maryland, and Carolina, in bogs and marshes. Slum rigidus, 

 Lin. spec. p. 362. Sison marginatum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. 

 p. 168. CEnanthe rigida, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 189. Pasti- 

 naca rigida, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 586. Torr. fl. un. 

 st. 1. p. 314. This plant is very poisonous, according to Bar- 

 ton, comp. fl. phil. 1. p. 142. 



Stiff Archemora. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. PL 2 to 3 ft. 



3 A. TRICUSPIDA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 188.) leaves pinnate; 

 lower leaflets lanceolate : upper ones obovate, tridentate ; in- 

 volucrum caducous. 11. B. H. Native of Carolina, in humid 



places. Slum tricuspidatum, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 354. Slum 

 rigidius, Walt. car. 114. According to Elliot, this is very like 

 the preceding species. 



Tricuspidate-\enQetteA Archemora. PI. 2 feet ? 



4 A. DENTICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 188.) leaves pinnate ; 

 with usually 3 pairs of oval, denticulated, acute leaflets ; invo- 

 lucra of 2 leaves, rarely wanting. Tf.. B. H. Native of 

 Georgia, in humid places, and *long the sides of water. Stem 

 3-4 feet high. 



Denticulated-]eaved. Archemora. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 



Cult. The species of Archemora grow best in peat earth, 

 in a moist situation ; and they will be easily increased by divid- 

 ing at the root. 



CV. PASTINA'CA (from pastinum, a dibble ; in reference 

 to the form of the root). Tourn. inst. 319. t. 170. Lin. gen. 

 no. 362. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 92. Kunth, umb. p. 90. f. 26 

 and 27. D. C. prod. 4. p. 188. Pastinaca and Malabaila, 

 Hoffm. umb. p. 122 and 125. Pastinaca species, Spreng. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete, 

 or minutely denticulated. Petals roundish, entire,, involute : 

 with a broad, retuse point. Fruit compressed from the back, 

 girded by a dilated, complanate margin. Ribs of mericarps very 

 slender : the 3 dorsal ones at equal distances : and the 2 lateral 

 ones contiguous to the dilated margin. Vittae linear, acute, 

 hardly shorter than the ribs, solitary in the furrows, but twin or 

 more in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat. 

 Herbs with fusiform, usually fleshy roots. Leaves pinnate ; 

 leaflets toothed, cut, or lobed. Umbels compound. Involucra 

 and involucels none, or of very few leaves. Flowers yellow. 



1 P. SATI'VA (Lin. spec. 376.) stem furrowed ; leaves pin- 

 nate, downy beneath ; leaflets ovate, serrated, and cut : the ter- 

 minal one 3-lobed ; involucra and involucels generally wanting, 

 but there is occasionally a solitary leaf under the general as well 

 as partial umbels ; teeth of calyx obsolete ; fruit oval ; commis- 

 sure of fruit furnished with 2 vittse. $ . H. Native of Eu- 

 rope, even to Caucasus, in meadows. In Britain, about the 

 borders of fields, on hillocks and dry banks in a chalky soil. 

 North America, on the banks of the Saskatchawan and Red 

 river. South America, about Buenos Ayres. Hoffm. umb. 

 123. t. 1. f. 11. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 16. Smith, engl. bot. 

 t. 556. Mart. fl. rust. 83. Lam. ill. t. 206. Selinum Pasti- 

 naca, Crantz, aust. 161. Anethum Pastinaca, Wib. werth. p. 

 911. P. opaca, Horn. hort. hafn. add. p. 961. P. sylvestris, 

 Huds. 125. P. sylvestris, latifolia, Raii, syn. 206. Mor. oxon. 

 3. p. 314. sect. 9. t. 16. f. 2. Pastinaca, Trag. hist. 439. f. 440. 

 Riv. pent. irr. t. 6. Siser sylvestre, Fuchs, hist. 753. with a 

 figure. Root spindle-shaped, white, aromatic, mucilaginous, 

 and sweet, with a degree of acrimony, which it loses by culti- 

 vation, becoming var. ft, the eatable garden parsnip. Flowers 

 yellow : the innermost ones of the umbel frequently abortive. 

 The leaves are sometimes downy on both surfaces. 



Var. /3, cdiilis (D. C. prod. 4. p^ 189.) leaves glabrous on 

 both surfaces, shining above ; root thick, fleshy. $ . H. P. 

 domestica, Math, valgr. 2. p. 106. with a figure. Lob. icon. 

 709. Blackw. 379. Cam. epit. 507. with a figure. P. sativa, 

 Mill. diet. no. 2. 



The garden parsnip, is called Panais, in French, Pastinake 

 in German, and Pastinaca in Italian. It has smooth leaves, of 

 a light yellowish green colour, in which it differs from the wild 

 plant, the leaves of which are downy and dark green ; the roots 

 also are thick and fleshy, and have a milder taste ; it does not 

 differ so much from the native plant, as the cultivated does from 

 the native carrot. 



Use. The parsnip has long been an inmate of the garden, 

 and was formerly much used. In Catholic times it was a famous 



