340 



UMBELLIFERjE. CV. PASTINACA. CVI. LEIOTULUS. CVII. ASTYDAMIA. 



Cultivated or Garden Parsnip. Fl. Jul. Brit. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 



2 P. LATIFO'LIA (D. C. mem. soc. vol. 4. prod. 4. p. 189.) 

 stem terete, striated, pubescent, as well as the petioles and leaves 

 on the under surface ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets of the lower 

 leaves large, and dilated at the base, and rather cut ; of the 

 cauline leaves ovate ; involucra and involucels wanting ; teeth 

 of calyx obsolete ; fruit oval : having the commissure furnished 

 with 2 vittae. If. . H. Native of Corsica, where it was gathered 

 by Soleirol. It differs from P. sativa in the stem being terete, 

 not furrowed ; and from P. divaricata in the fruit being oval, not 

 orbicular, in the commissure being furnished with 2 vittee, not 

 with 4-6 ; and from the other species in the leaflets of the radical 

 leaves being large. 



Var. a, velullna(D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) leaves clothed with 

 velvety pubescence on both surfaces. If. . H. Native of Cor- 

 sica, at St. Florent. P. Kochii, var. latifolia, Duby, in D. C. 

 bot. gall. 1. p. 220. 



Var. fi, glabrata(D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) leaves glabrous 

 above, hardly pubescent beneath. I/ . H. Native country 

 unknown, but cultivated in the botanic garden at Geneva. 



Broad-leaved Parsnip. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1830. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 



3 P. DIVARICA'TA (Desf. cat. hort. par. 1815. p. 139.) stem 

 terete, striated; leaves pinnate, clothed with short pubescence 

 on both surfaces ; radical leaves with 9-11 leaflets: cauline ones 

 with 3-5 ; leaflets ovate, cuneated at the base, or cordate, undi- 

 vided, sharply serrated : teeth mucronate ; terminal leaflet larger 

 and somewhat 3-lobed ; involucra and involucels wanting ; fruit 

 nearly orbicular. %. H. Native of Corsica, at Bastia. P. 

 graveolens, Salzm. exsic. Koch, umb. 91. but not of Bieb. 

 P. sativa, Thorn, exsic. P. velutma, Koch, in litt. P. Kochii, 

 var. Duby, in bot. gall. 1. p. 230. Vittae 4-6 in the commis- 

 sure, usually interrupted, 2 of which are generally larger than 

 the rest. 



Divaricate Parsnip. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 



4 P. LU'CIDA (Lin. mant. 58.) stem furrowed, much branched; 

 leaves glabrous, stiff, crenated, reticulated beneath : radical ones 

 cordate, usually lobed ; cauline leaves ternate or quinate ; leaf- 

 lets attenuated at the base : upper ones ovate-rhomboid ; umbels 

 numerous, rather panicled ; involucra of 1 leaf ; fruit orbicu- 

 lar. $. H. Native of Balearic Islands. Gouan. ill. 19. t. 

 11, 12. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 199. Root thick, milky. Stem 

 when cut yielding a whitish, fetid, rue-like, tenaceous gum. 

 Flowers yellow. 



Shining Parsnip. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1771. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 



5 P. UMBROSA (Stev. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) stem 

 furrowed, angular ; leaves pinnate, pubescent on the nerves and 

 petioles ; leaflets oval-oblong, serrate-toothed : terminal leaflet 

 somewhat 3-lobed ; umbels numerous, rather panicled ; invo- 

 lucels dimidiate ; fruit oval. Tf..H. Native of Tauria. This 

 species was formerly confused with P. graveolens, but is truly 

 distinct from it. 



Shady Parsnip. PL 2 to 3 feet. 



6 P. STENOCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 189.) stem striated, gla- 

 brous ; leaves smoothish, pinnate ; leaflets decurrent, oblong- 

 linear, cut, and toothed : involucra wanting ; involucels of few 

 leaves ; fruit oblong. Native of Siberia. Umbels and umbel- 

 lules of many rays. Fruit 3 lines long and a line broad, quite 

 glabrous ; lateral ribs not expanded into wings, but all filiform, 

 as well as the vittae. Vittae twin in the commissure, solitary 

 in the dorsal furrows, and often wanting in the lateral furrows. 



Narrow-fruited Parsnip. PL 2 to 3 feet ? 



7 P. GRAVE'OLENS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 237.) stem furrowed ; 

 leaves pinnate, hoary from short down ; leaflets ovate, lobed, 

 and toothed ; involucels dimidiate ; fruit oval. I/ . H. Native 

 of Caucasus, at Sarepta, and of Tauria and Podolia. Schultes, 

 syst. 6. p. 584. Malabaila graveolens, Hoffm. umb. p. 126. 



and 209. t. 1. B. f. 6. Heracleum graveolens, Spreng. umb. 

 tent. 1. p. 12. 



Strong-scented Parsnip. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 2 ft. 



8 P. SE'KAKUL (Russ. besch. alep. p. 157.) stem terete, 

 downy, branched ; leaves jpinnate, puberulous ; leaflets pinna- 

 tifid, cut, bluntly and unequally toothed ; peduncles villous ; 

 involucra none ; involucels of 1-2 leaves; fruit ovate-orbicular. 



$ . H. Native of Syria, about Aleppo ; and of Egypt, near 

 Alexandria. Heracleum pumilum, Viv. in litt. Tordylium 

 suaveolens, Delille, ill. fl. aegypt. no. 323. Pastinaca dissecta, 

 Vent. eels. t. 78. Secacul, Rauw. reis. 1. p. 746. ex Vent. J. 

 Bauh. hist. 3. p. 66. with a figure. Moris, oxon. sect. 9. t. 4. 

 ultimate figure, and therefore Tordylium Sekakul, Mill. diet. no. 

 5. Root grey on the outside and white inside, edible. Accord- 

 ing to Olivier this species of parsnip is cultivated in the Levant 

 under the name of Sekakul. 



Sekakul Parsnip. PL 1 to 2 feet. 



9 P. PIMPINELI.OI'DES (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 237. suppl. 247.) 

 stem angular, branched ; leaves pinnate, pubescent ; leaflets 

 rather trifid, cut : segments cuneated, deeply serrated : lower 

 ones reflexed : upper ones linear-lanceolate ; involucra of 1-3 

 leaves ; involucels of 4-5 leaves, dimidiate, deciduous ; fruit 

 orbicular. $ . H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia, in grassy 

 places; and of Persia, near Seidkhodzi, in sandy places. Buxb. 

 cent. 3. t. 27. Mill. fig. t. 26(5. MalabaJla pimpinellifolia, 

 Hoffm. umb. 126. and 209. t. 1. f. 6. a. b. . Heracleum pimpi- 

 nellifolium, Spreng. tent. 12. 



Pimpinella-like Parsnip. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 ft. 



10 P. OBTUSIFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 190.) plant glabrous ; 

 stem terete, a little branched ; leaves pinnate and ternate ; leaf- 

 lets pinnatifid, thick : lobes obovate, obtuse, quite entire ; invo- 

 lucra of a few very short leaves ; fruit obovate. y.. H. Na- 

 tive of Spain, and on the shore of the Euxine sea. Peucedanum 

 obtusifolium, Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 277. prod. 1. p. 189. 

 and in Rees' cycl. no. 10. Petals cream-coloured. Fruit with 

 rather tumid margins. Nearly allied to P. pimpinelli/blia. 



Obtuse-leaved Parsnip. PL 1 to 2 feet. 



Cult. The species are only to be increased by seed, which 

 should be sown in spring in the open ground. 



CVI. LEIO'TULUS (from \cios, leios, smooth, and ovt orroc, 

 ous otos, an ear ; in allusion to the smooth dilated margin of the 

 fruit). Ehrenb. in Linnaea. 1829. p. 399. D. C. prod. 4. p. 669. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx obsolete. 

 Petals roundish, entire, involute, with a broad retuse segment. 

 Fruit flatly compressed, having a smooth thickened dilated mar- 

 gin : and 3 intermediate approximate ribs, and 2 very remote 

 lateral ones ; vittas filiform, solitary in the furrows, and distant 

 in the commissure. Herb a span high. Leaves bipinnatifid. 

 Involucrum wanting. Involucels of a few very fine entire 

 leaves, but often wanting altogether. Flowers yellow. 



1 L. ALEXANDRI'NUS (Ehrenb. 1. c.) Native of Egypt, near 

 Alexandria, on hills towards Rosetta. 



Alexandrian Leiotulus. PL -| to -| foot. 



Cult. Sow the seeds in a warm sheltered situation in the 

 open ground. 



CVII. ASTYDA'MIA (a mythological name, daughter of 

 Oceanus ; the plant grows on the borders of the ocean, in the 

 Canary Islands). D. C. coll. diss. 5. p. 53. t. 1. f. D. prod. 4. 

 p. 190. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 6-toothed. 

 Petals obovate, entire, with an inflexed acumen. Stylopodium 

 thick ; styles very short. Fruit compressed from the back, 

 girded by a thick, dilated margin ; mericarps rather spongy, 

 furnished with 3 crested, approximate, short ribs on the back : 



