UMBELLIFER.E. CVII. ASTYDAMIA. CVIII. SYMPHYOLOMA. CIX. HERACLEUM. 



341 



the 2 lateral ribs lost in the margin. Dorsal vittae very few, 

 and the commissural ones are either wanting or covered. Seed 

 unknown. A smooth, fleshy subshrub. Leaves pinnate ; leaf- 

 lets cuneated,deeply toothed at the apex : ultimate ones confluent. 

 Umbels compound. Involucra and involucels of many leaves. 

 Flowers yellow. It differs from Crithmum and Bupleurum in the 

 fruit being compressed from the back, and in the calyx being 5~ 

 toothed ; and from Heracleum in the vittae not being club- 

 shaped, and in the petals being entire ; and from Laserpitium 

 in the ribs being hardly elevated, and in the petals being entire ; 

 and from Pastinaca, to which it is most nearly allied, in the fruit 

 being rather fungous and a little crested, with the margins hardly 

 flattened. 



1 A. CANAKIE'NSE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 190.). Tj. G. Native 

 of Teneriffe, on rocks by the sea-side. Crithmum latif olium, 

 Lin. fil. suppl. p. 180. Tenoria Canariensis, Spreng. umb. spec. 

 p. 20. t. 6. f. 13. and in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 377. exclusive of 

 the synonyme of Cav. Laserpitium crithmifolium, Link, in 

 Buch. can. p. 151. Heracleum Canariense, Choisy, in herb. 

 D. C. Root thick. Stem terete, sparingly branched, a foot 

 high. Leaves rather glaucous ; petioles sheathing. Upper 

 leaves reduced almost to the petioles. Umbels 1 5-rayed ; um- 

 bellules 10-12-rayed. Involucra of 5-7 oblong, rather concave 

 leaves. 



Canary-island Astydamia. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1780. Sh. lift. 



Cult. This plant will require the same treatment as is re- 

 commended for Crilhmum, p. 321.; but it will require shelter 

 in winter. 



CVIII. SYMPHYOLOMA (from av^vu, symphuo, to glue 

 together, and Awyua, loma, a fringe ; the margins of the mericarps 

 are closely joined together). Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 127. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete. 

 Petals equal, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium 

 without a margin. Styles reflexed. Fruit elliptic, compressed 

 from the back, flat, with rounded margins ; mericarps closely 

 joined together at the margins ; with 5 filiform ribs : the 3 dor- 

 sal ones at equal distances : and the lateral ones more remote 

 and almost marginating. Vittae wanting or obsolete. Seed 

 complanate. Carpophore wanting. A humble herb. Leaves 

 with 3-5, nearly orbicular leaflets. Involucra none. Petals 

 red. Fruit very singular in its structure, by the mericarps 

 being closely joined at the margins. 



1 S. GRAVE'OLENS (Meyer, 1. c.). 7.? H. Native of the 

 Alps of Tafandagh, in Eastern Caucasus, among fragments of 

 schist. 



Strong- scented Symphyoloma. PL humble. 



Cult. See Pastinaca above for culture and propagation. 



CIX. HERACLE'UM (Heracles, Hercules; sacred to 

 him). Lin. gen. p. 345. Lam. ill. t. 200. Lag. am. nat. 2. 

 p. 92. Koch, umb. 89. Heracleum, Spondylium, and Wendia, 

 Hoffm. Spondylium, Tourn. inst. p. 319. t. 170. Heracleum 

 species, Spreng. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 

 obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones usually 

 radiating and bifid. Fruit flatly compressed from the back, 

 girded by a flat, dilated margin. Mericarps with slender ribs : 

 the 3 dorsal ones at equal distances : and the 2 lateral ones re- 

 mote from the others, contiguous to the dilated margin. Vittse 

 solitary in the furrows, and usually twin in the commissure, all 

 flat : dorsal ones 4. Strong, coarse, robust herbs, with broad, 

 pinnate, ternate, or lobed leaves ; petioles large and sheathing. 

 Umbels of many rays. Involucra caducous, usually of few 

 leaves ; involucels of many leaves. The species are extremely 

 intricate, and difficult to define. 



SECT. I. TETRAT^NIUM (from rcrpa, tetra, four, and raivia, 

 tainia, vitta ; in reference to the commissure being furnished 

 with 4 vittae). D. C. prod. 4. p. 191. Commissure furnished 

 with 4 vittae. Flowers not radiating, cream-coloured. 



1 H. NEPALE'NSIS (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 185.) stem fur- 

 rowed, rather hairy ; lower leaves having the petioles twice 

 trifid, biternate : with tripartite leaflets ; upper leaves ternate : 

 with rather 3-lobed leaflets ; leaflets all ovate, acute, and equally 

 serrated, rather hairy above, and pubescent along the nerves 

 beneath ; fruit elliptic ; commissure furnished with 4 vittae. 

 l/.H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers equal, yellowish. Knees 

 of stems bearded with white wool. 



Nipaul Cow-parsnip. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 



2 H. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Wall. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 191.) 

 stem striated, pubescent ; leaves ternate or 3-lobed, roundish- 

 cordate ; leaflets or lobes obtuse, with a few coarse teeth, rather 

 hairy above, and beset with whitish pubescence beneath ; umbels 

 of many rays ; fruit obovate ; commissure furnished with 4 

 vittae. 11 . H. Native of Nipaul. Dorsal vittae linear. Flowers 

 not radiating, cream-coloured. 



Obtuse-leaved Cow-parsnip. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 



3 H. RI'GENS (Wall. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 191.) stem 

 striated, pubescent ; leaves ternate, with the petioles rather hairy ; 

 leaflets petiolate, orbicular, rather cordate at the base, toothed, 

 scabrous from hairs above, pubescent beneath ; upper leaves 

 bluntly trifid ; fruit obovate-elliptic ; commissure furnished 

 with 4 vittae. If.. H. Native of the East Indies. Conium 

 rigens, Heyne, ex Wall. Leaves of involucels lanceolate, stri- 

 ated, puberulous on the outside. Flowers not radiating, cream- 

 coloured. Dorsal vittae of fruit linear. 



Stiff Cow-parsnip. PL 2 to 4 feet? 



SECT. II. EUHERACLE'CM (from eu, well, and Heracleum ; this 

 section contains what are considered the true species of the 

 genus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 191. Heracleum, HofFm. umb. p. 

 141. D. C. prod. 4. p. 191. Commissure of fruit furnished 

 with 2 vittae. Umbels equal or radiating. Petals greenish- 

 yellow. 



4 H. FLAVE'SCENS (Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 214.) leaves pin- 

 nate, rough from hairs ; leaflets ovate or oblong ; flowers yel- 

 lowish, not radiating ; commissure furnished with 2 vittae. If. . 

 H. Native from Dauphiny to Siberia, in the grassy parts of 

 mountains. Jacq. aust. 2. t. 173. 



Far. a, latif olium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 191.) leaflets lobed or 

 palmately-parted, unequally crenate-serrated ; flowers uniform, 

 not radiating ; fruit orbicularly oval, glabrous, emarginate at 

 the apex. T. H. Native of Tauria, Caucasus, Siberia, Da- 

 huria, and many other parts of Russia, in rather humid mea- 

 dows. H. Sibiricum, Lin. mant. 354. Bieb. fl. taur. and 

 suppl.no. 558. Hoffm. umb. 143. t. 1. B. f. 1. Schult. syst. 

 6. p. 475. H. Austrlacum, Pall. ind. taur. Spondylium con- 

 forme, Moench, meth. p. 83. Gmel. sib. 1. t. 50. From this 

 plant a spirit is drawn at Kamtschatka, called raka, as related in 

 Cook's voy. 3. p. 337. where the process of making the spirit 

 is described. It is used also as food. 



Var. ft, angustifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 191.) leaflets oblong, 

 lanceolate, or linear, sinuately toothed, ultimate ones confluent,. 

 If. . H. Native of Dauphiny, Vallais, Austria, Russia, &c. in 

 waste, grassy fields. H. angustifolium, Lin. mant. 56. Jacq. 

 fl. aust. t. 173. H. Sibiricum of Lin. has been raised from the 

 seeds of H. angustifolium. 



Yellowish Cow-parsnip. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1789. PL 4 to 6 ft. 



5 H. ORSI'NI (Guss. pi. rar. p. 133. t. 27.) stem furrowed, 

 muricated, almost simple ; leaves simple, cordate, glabrous on 

 both surfaces, rather coriaceous, obscurely lobed, and tripartite, 



