342 



UMBELLIFER^l. CIX. HERACLEUM. 



crenate-serrated ; lobes acuminated ; flowers rather radiating ; 

 involucra almost wanting ; leaves of involucels linear ; fruit 

 obovate. I/ . H. Native of Abruzzo, in gravelly parts of 

 mountains. Habit of H. alpinum, but the flowers are greenish. 

 Commissure of fruit furnished with 2 vittae. 

 Orsin's Cow-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



6 H. AU'REUM (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grsec. t. 282. prod. 1. 

 p. 192.) stem much branched; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lobed, 

 cut, pubescent : of the radical ones roundish ; umbels usually of 

 3 rays ; flowers radiating ; fruit orbicular ; involucra and invo- 

 lucels almost wanting ; vittae semi-circular. $ . H. Native 

 on Mount Parnassus. Habit of Pastinaca satlva ; but the petals 

 are obcordate, with an inflexed mucrone. Flowers golden yel- 

 low. Vittae linear. 



GoWen-flowered Cow-parsnip. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



SECT. III. SPONDY'LIUM (airov$\>\os, spondylos, vertebra ; re- 

 semblance in the articulations of the stem). Hoflfm. umb. p. 129. 

 D. C. prod. 4. p. 192. Commissure of fruit furnished with 2 

 vittse. Umbels of many rays, radiating. Petals white. 



7 H. LONGIBOLIUM (Jacq. aust. t. 174.) leaves scabrous, pin- 

 nate, or pinnatifid from the coalition of the leaflets ; leaflets or 

 lobes elongated, deeply crenated ; leaves of involucels linear- 

 setaceous ; fruit glabrous, cuneiform. It- H. Native of Aus- 

 tria, in alpine meadows. Host. fl. austr. 1. p. 374. An inter- 

 mediate species between H.Jlavescens and Spondylium. Petals 

 at first green, but at length becoming white, obcordate : outer 

 ones radiating a little. Fruit larger and much more cuneated 

 than in the above-mentioned species. 



Long-leaved Cow-parsnip. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1800. PI. 6 ft. 



8 H. PALMATI'LOBUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.) upper cauline 

 leaves 5-parted from the top of the sheath, or 3-parted ; outer 

 lobes bipartite, all elongated, coarsely toothed, glabrous above, 

 but roughish beneath ; leaves of involucels linear-setaceous ; 

 fruit glabrous in all states, obovate. I/ . H. Native country 

 unknown. Flowers white, radiating a little. It differs from 

 H, Spondylium in the leaves being palmate-parted, not pinnate- 

 parted, less rough, and in the fruit being more obovate. Pro- 

 bably //. elegans of many authors is the same as this species. 



Palmate-lobed-\ea\e<\ Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 to 5 feet. 



9 H. SPONDY'LIUM (Lin. spec. 1. p. 358.) leaves ternate, pin- 

 nate, or pinnatifid from the coalition of the leaflets, scabrous ; 

 leaflets pinnatifid, cut, and serrated ; leaves of involucels lan- 

 ceolate, membranous, finely fringed, with long taper points ; fruit 

 orbicular, glabrous. $ . H. Native of Europe, and probably 

 of Siberia, in hedges, the borders of fields, and rather moist 

 meadows, very common ; plentiful in some parts of Britain. 

 Smith, engl. bot. t. 939. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 10. H. pro- 

 teiforme, Crantz, aust. 3. p. 11. H. branca ursina, All. pedem. 

 no. 1291. Spondylium Raii, syn. 205. Ger. emac. 1009. with 

 a figure. Camer. epit. 548. with a figure. Riv. pent. irr. t. 4. 

 and of many other old authors. Spondylium brinca, Scop, 

 earn. no. 335. Spondylium br&nca ursina, Hoflfm. umb. 132. 

 t. 1. f. 11. Acanthus Germanica, Fuchs, hist. 53. with a figure. 

 Cow-parsnip. Petiv. herb. brit. t. 24. f. 1. Root taper-shaped, 

 whitish, aromatic, sweetish, and rather mucilaginous. Stem 

 rough, with white hairs. Flowers more or less radiant, white 

 or reddish. The whole plant is wholesome and nourishing food 

 for cattle ; and is gathered in Sussex for fattening hogs, being 

 known by the name of hog-meed. The seeds are strong-scented, 

 and are accounted diuretic and stomachic. Linnaeus says the 

 plant is used in Scania against dysentery. Gmelin says that 

 the inhabitants of Kamtschatka, about the beginning of July, 

 collect the footstalks of the radical leaves, and after peeling off 

 the rind (which is very acrid) dry them separately in the sun, and 

 then tying them in bundles, lay them up carefully in the shade 



in bags ; in this state they are covered with a yellow saccharine 

 efflorescence, tasting like liquorice ; this being shaken off is 

 eaten as a great delicacy. The Russians distil an ardent spirit 

 from the stalks thus prepared, by first fermenting them in water, 

 with the greater bilberries (Vaccmmm uliginosum), which Gme- 

 lin says is more agreeable to the taste than spirits made from 

 corn. 



Var. ft, anguslifblium (Smith, fl. brit. 307.) leaves deeply 

 pinnatifid ; the 2 lowest lobes elongated, and spreading in a 

 radiating manner. $ . H. Native of Yorkshire. Mr. Wood- 

 ward has found this variety growing on the same root with the 

 common kind. 



Var. y, elegans (Jacq. austr. t. 175.) leaflets decussate, nar- 

 row, toothed. $ . H. Native of Austria, Piedmont, &c. 



Var. S, lacinidlum (Desf. hort. par. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.) 

 leaflets cuneated, ovate, coarsely and deeply serrated. $ . H. 

 Native country unknown. 



Var. t, subcanescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.) leaves canescent 

 beneath. $ . H. Native of France. This variety differs 

 from H. Pyrenaica in the ovaries being glabrous. 



Spondylium or Common Cow-parsnip. Fl. Jul. Brit. PI. 4 ft. 



10 H. CA'SPICUM (Hortul. ex B.C. prod. 4. p. 192.) leaves 

 pinnate, scabrous ; leaflets elongated, cut, and toothed, acumin- 

 ated ; leaves of involucrum linear, broadest at the base ; leaves 

 of involucels setaceous, ciliated on both sides with long villi ; 

 fruit obovate, glabrous in all stages. If. . H. Native about the 

 Caspian sea. This species is sufficiently distinct from any of the 

 varieties of H. Spondylium. 



Caspian Cow-parsnip. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? PI. 4 feet. 



11 H. CA'NDICANS (Wall. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.) 

 leaves ternate, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath, as well as 

 on the stems and petioles, but smoothish above ; leaflets petiolu- 

 late, cuneated at the base, trifid or pinnatifid : lobes irregularly 

 toothed ; leaves of involucels linear, acuminated, about equal in 

 length to the rays ; fruit obovate-oblong ; vittse linear. T . H. 

 Native of the north of India, at Deyradoon and Kamaon. 



Whitened Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 to 5 feet. 



12 H. LANA'TUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 166.) leaves 

 ternate, petiolate, tomentose beneath : upper ones 3-lobed ; 

 leaflets petiolate, broad-ovate, roundish-cordate, lobed ; leaves 

 of involucels small, subulate ; fruit broadly obcordate, oval. 

 I/ . H. Native of Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Canada, as far 

 as the Mackenzie river ; moist banks of streams in north-west 

 America, in humid pastures. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 181. 

 Begel. fl. bot. p. 67. Torr. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 313. H. Spon- 

 dylium, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnrcn. 1. p. 39. Petals said to 

 be oblong. The plant is said to be very nearly allied to H. Spon- 

 dylium, but very distinct. The roots and stems of this plant 

 are eaten by the Chenook Indians ; and by the Cree Indians, 

 under the name of Penpoon antic ; i. e. flute stem ; and the young 

 stems are used by them as a pot-herb. 



Woolly Cow-parsnip. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 4 feet. 



13 H. CORDA'TUM (Presl, del. prag. p. 135.) leaves ternate; 

 leaflets cordate-ovate, petiolulate, lobately pinnatifid, mucro- 

 nately toothed, hispid beneath, as well as the petioles and stem, 

 which is furrowed ; leaves of involucels linear ; involucra want- 

 ing ; fruit glabrous, obovate, somewhat emarginate at the apex. 

 1. H. Native of Sicily, in humid groves on the Nebrodes. 

 Root black, sweet-scented, and is called Angelica by the Sici- 

 lians, and is used for the same purposes by them. H. Spondy- 

 lium and H. Panaces Ucria, ex Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 364. 



Cordate-leafletted Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 to 6 feet ? 



14 H. PYRENA'ICUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 403.) leaves very large, 

 palmatifid, hoary from tomentum beneath ; leaflets lanceolate, 

 toothed or ternate ; involucra of few leaves : young fruit co- 

 vered with long hairs : adult ones glabrous, nearly orbicular. 



