346 



UMBELLIFER^E. CXIV. TORDYLIUM. CXV. TORDYLOPSIS. 



be from ropvoc, tornos, a lathe, and (XXw, illo, to turn ; seeds). 

 Tourn. inst. 320. 1. 170. Lin. gen. no. 330. Spreng. prod. umb. 

 p. 11. D. C. prod. 4. p. 197. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. 

 Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; outer ones 

 radiating and bifid. Fruit flatly compressed from the back, 

 girded by a rugged tubercular thick accessory margin. Meri- 

 carps with very slender ribs ; the 3 dorsal ribs at equal dis- 

 tances, and the 2 lateral ones contiguous to the thickened mar- 

 gin, or covered by it. Vittae filiform, one or more in the fur- 

 rows, and 2 or more in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. 

 Seed complanate. Herbs, with pinnate leaves ; leaflets ovate, 

 deeply toothed. Involucra of many leaves. Flowers white. 

 The two sections differ from each other in the number of vittae. 



SECT. I. EUTORDY'LIUM (from eu, well, and tordylium; this 

 section is supposed to contain the true species of the genus). 

 B.C. prod. 4. p. 197. Tordylium, Hoffrn. umb. 1. p. 198. t. 

 3. f. 3-4. A. Koch, umb. 87. f. 24, 25. Vittae solitary in the 

 furrows, and twin in the commissure. 



1 T. SYRI ACUM (Lin. spec. p. 345.) plant pubescent ; leaves 

 pinnate ; leaflets roundish, repandly toothed : terminal one 

 ovate ; involucra and involucels longer than the umbels. Q. H. 

 Native of Syria, Caria, Asia Minor, and Greece. Jacq. hort. 

 vind. 1. t. 54. Riv. pent. t. 3. Barrel, icon. t. 349. Mor. ox. 

 sect. 9. t. 16. f. 7. There is a variety of this with a simple 

 erect stem ; and another with diffuse procumbent stems. 



Syrian Hart-wort. Fl. July. Clt. 1597. PI. 1 foot higher 

 procumbent. 



2 T. MA'XIMUM (Lin. spec. 345.) stem scabrous or hispid from 

 retrograde bristles ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, deeply 

 serrated and notched : terminal one elongated ; leaves of involucra 

 and involucels linear, shorter than the umbels. O- H. Native 

 of middle and south Europe, Caucasus, and the Levant, in corn- 

 fields. In England on banks and waste ground, but rare ; about 

 London ; under a hedge on the north side of the parks, Oxford ; 

 in a hedge about half a mile from Eton. Smith, engl. hot. 

 1173. Jacq. austr. t. 142. Mor. ox. 3. p. 316. sect. 9. t. 16. 

 f. 1. Rivin. pent. irr. t. 1. Lob. icon. 737. Heracleum Tor- 

 dylium, Spreng. spec. umb. 49. T. magnum, Brot. and T. 

 Lusitanicum, Willd. does not differ from this species ac- 

 cording to Link. Stem erect, branched, hollow. Leaves densely 

 clothed with fine close bristly hairs, all directed towards the 

 point ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, the lower ones ovate. Umbels 

 dense, bristly. Flowers reddish, the outermost petal with equal 

 lobes, the two next with extremely unequal ones. 



Great Hart-wort. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 



SECT. II. CONDYLOCA'RPUS (from KovSvXoe, kondylos, a finger 

 joint, and Kapwog, karpos, a fruit). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 202. Koch, 

 umb. p. 8(>. but not of Desf. D. C. prod. 4. p. 198. Vittae 

 numerous both in the furrows and commissure. In the commis- 

 sure there are 4 in T. Hasselquistice, and therefore it is an inter- 

 mediate plant between the two sections, as there are 8-10 in the 

 commissure of the other species. 



3 T. HASSELQUI'STIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 198.) plant pubes- 

 cent ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets roundish, repandly toothed : the 

 terminal one in the lower leaves is reniformly cordate ; leaves of 

 involucra setaceous, shorter than the umbels : of the involucels 

 similar, but longer than the umbellules. Q. H. Native of the 

 Levant. Like Hasselquistia cordata, but the character of the 

 fruit is the same as that of Tordylium. Habit of T. ffffic'male. 

 Vittse in the commissure 4, 2 curved and 2 straight. 



Hasselquist's Hart-wort. PI. 1 foot. 



4 T. OFFICINA'LE (Lin. spec. p. 345.) stem generally branch- 

 ed, furrowed, clothed with soft deflexed hairs ; leaves pinnate, 



rough, hairy ; leaflets ovate, cut, crenate, the odd one the largest , 

 leaves of involucra and involucels lanceolate, acute ; those of the 

 latter about equal in length to the umbellules ; radiant petals in 

 pairs, with very unequal lobes. Q. H. Native of Portugal, 

 south of France, Italy, Dalmatia, and Greece, in cultivated 

 fields ; possibly never seen at all in England, the T. maximum 

 having been confounded with it ; however, it is said to have 

 been found by Mr. Doody about Isleworth, Ray, and about 

 London. Petivier. Smith, engl. bot. 2440. fl. graec. 3. t. 267. 

 Colum. ecphr. t. 124. f. 1. Mor, ox. 3. p. 316. sect. 9. t. 16. f. 

 6. Dod. pempt. p. 313. f. 314. Lob. icon. 736. Bauh. hist. 

 3. p. 84. f. 2. Small Hart-wort, Petiv. herb. brit. t. 24. f. 6. 

 T. rnicrospermum, Ten. add. 1827. Condylocarpus orHcinalis, 

 Koch, 1. c. Leaflets roundish or ovate, crenate, and variously 

 cut. The radius of the umbellules formed of the very unequal 

 outer petals of the flowers of the circumference, the large lobes 

 of 2 flowers coming together, and resembling a single petal. 

 These lobes are sometimes reddish. Fruit hairy on the disk, 

 brown, with scarcely any ribs or veins ; the border greatly ele- 

 vated, tumid, neatly crenate transversely. T. A'pulum is readily 

 distinguished from this species by having in each marginal 

 flower only one radiant petal, with 2 equal lobes. 



Officinal Hart-wort. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 to 1| ft. 



5 T. A'PULUM (Riv. pent. t. 2.) plant erect, villous below; 

 leaves pinnate ; leaflets of the lower leaves roundish, cu- 

 neated at the base, lobately crenated : of the upper ones pinna- 

 tifid, linear, acute ; leaves of involucra and involucels setaceous ; 

 those of the latter shorter than the umbellules. O- H. Native 

 of Apulia and Greece, in cultivated fields. Lin. spec. 345. ex- 

 clusive of the synonymes. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 53. T. grandi- 

 florum, Moench, meth. p. 78. Condylocarpus A'pulus, Hoffm. 

 umb. p. 203. T. insulare, Clark in Spreng. neue entd. 3. p. 

 165. There is a variety of this which is almost glabrous 

 below. Stem hairy at the joints. 



Far. /3, humile (D. C. prod. 4. p. 198.) plant of many stems; 

 leaves for the most part radical : lower ones nearly bipinnatifid ; 

 involucels much shorter than the umbellules. O- H. Native 

 of Tunis, Sardinia, Istria, Malta, and Melos, in cultivated fields. 

 T. humile, Desf. all. 1. p. 235. t. 58. Condylocarpus humilis, 

 Koch, umb. p. 87. T. A'pulum, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 362. 

 According to Smith in fl. graec. p. 61. there is no difference be- 

 tween T. humile and T. A'pulum. 



Apulian Hart-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 to 

 1| foot. 



Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open border 

 in spring. A light soil will suit the species best. 



CXV. TORDYLO'PSIS(from Tordylium and o^c, opsis, 

 appearance ; plant resembling Tordylium). D. C. prod. 4. p. 

 199. Tordylioides, Wall. mss. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed : 

 teeth acute : outer teeth the largest, dilated at the base, and cus- 

 pidate at the apex. Outer petals of umbels large and obcor- 

 dately 2-lobed ; the rest smaller, ovate, and cuspidate, entire, 

 rarely a little 2-lobed. Stylopodium conical ; styles 2, erect, 

 elongated. Fruit hairy when young. The rest unknown. 

 Herb a foot high, more or less hairy. Stem terete, striated, 

 erect, nearly simple. Petioles sheathing at the base. Leaves 

 with 1-2 pairs of ovate cut toothed leaflets, and an odd one. 

 Umbels terminal, 6-8-rayed. Involucra of 5-6 lanceolate linear 

 acuminated leaves, which are almost longer than the rays. Um- 

 bellules crowded, 15-18-flowered. Leaves of involucels con- 

 forming to the leaves of the involucra, exceeding the flowers. 

 Habit almost of Heracleum, but the involucra are of many leaves. 

 It agrees also with Tordylium in the hairiness, and in the corol- 

 las. The genus is very doubtful, the perfect fruit being unknown. 



