348 



UMBELLIFER^E. CXX. SILER. CXXI. GALBANUM. CXXII. CCMINUM. CXXIII. TREPOCARPUS. 



lenticularly compressed from the back ; mericarps with elevated 

 obtuse filiform ribs, having 5 primary ones : the lateral ones of 

 these marginating ; and 4 less prominent secondary ones. Vitlae 

 one in each furrow, under the secondary ribs. Seed flattish in 

 front. Perennial glabrous herbs. Leaves triternate ; petioles 

 trifid, sheathing at the base ; branches of petioles bearing 3 

 roundish, coarsely and bluntly crenated, or bluntly 3-lobed leaf- 

 lets. Umbels large, of many rays. Involucra wanting or of 

 few leaves, caducous. Flowers white. 



1 S. TRI'LOBUM (Scop. earn. 1. p. 217.) I/. H. Native of 

 Europe and Asia, from Spain to Kamtschatka ; but the habitats 

 given are doubtful, the plant being often confused with Laser- 

 pitium aquilegifolium. Laserpitium trilobum, Lin. spec. p. 357. 

 exclusive of some of the synonymes. Angelica aquilegifolia, 

 Lam. diet. 1. p. 173. D. C. fl. fr. p. 306. ed. 5. p. 508. Siler 

 aquilegifolium, Gaertn. 1. c. Mor. ox. sect. 9. t. 13. no. 3. 

 Libanotis vi. C. Bauh. pin. 1 57. 



Three-lobed-leaved Siler. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1796. PL 3 

 to 4 feet. 



Cult. See Laserpilium, p. 351. for culture and propagation. 



CXXI. GA'LBANUM (gall or galban, in Celtic, means fat, 

 oily; in reference to the gum). D. Don, in Lin. trans. 16. p. 603. 



LIN. SYST. Pent6ndria, Digynia. Fruit compressed from the 

 back, elliptic, unguicular ; raphe narrow, open, not closed. 

 Mericarps with 5 elevated compressed bluntly keeled ribs, not 

 winged : lateral ones distinct, marginal ; furrows broadish, con- 

 cave, without any villas. Commissure flat, dilaled, furnished 

 with 2 vittae ; vittae broad, a liltle arched. The seeds from 

 which the foregoing description has been drawn were picked 

 from the gum. The rest of the plant remains unknown. 



1 G. OFFICINA'LE (D. Don, 1. c.) I/. H. The planl, ac- 

 cording to Dioscorides, is a native of Syria ; but it must be in 

 some remote inaccessible part of it, as it has not been observed 

 by any of die numerous Iravellers who have visiled that counlry. 

 As the gum-galbanum is partly imporled from Smyrna and 

 partly from India, il is very probable lhal ihe plant is also a 

 native of Persia. The Bubon Galbanum of Linnaeus possesses 

 neither the smell nor the taste of Galbanum, but in ihese parti- 

 culars agrees best with Fennel, and the fruit has no resemblance 

 whatever to thai found in the gum. How a plant differing so 

 essentially from Galbanum should yet have been retained so 

 long in the Pharmacopoeia may well be subject of surprise, espe- 

 cially as the Bubon Galbanum, being so frequenl in gardens, 

 afforded abundant opporlunilies of settling the question. 



Galbanum agrees in virtue with gum-ammoniac, but is gene- 

 rally accounted less proper in asthmas, and more so in hysterical 

 complaints. It is exhibited in the form of pills or emulsions, lo 

 the extent of about a drachm. Applied externally, it is supposed 

 to resolve and discuss tumours, and to promote suppuration. The 

 best sort of galbanum consisls of pale coloured pieces, about the 

 size of a hazel nut, which, on being broken, appear to be com- 

 posed of clear white tears, of a bitterish acrid taste, and a strong 

 peculiar smell. But it most commonly occurs in agglutinated 

 masses, composed of yellowish or reddish, and clear white tears, 

 which may be easily torn asunder, of the consistence of firm wax, 

 softening by heat, and becoming brillle by cold, mixed with 

 seeds and leaves. Galbanum is generally obtained by culling 

 the plant across some inches above the root. The juice which 

 flows from the wound soon hardens, and is the galbanum brought 

 to us from Syria and the Levant. 



Officinal Galbanum. PI. 4 to 5 feet. 



Cult. See Thdpsia, p. 350. for culture and propagation. 



Tribe X. 

 CUMI'NE^E (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Cuml- CXXIII. TREPOCA'RPUS (from rpe, trepo,'to turn, and 



num. in important characters), or Orthospermee multijugatae con- 

 tractae, Koch, umb. 81. D. C. prod. 4. p. 200. Fruit con- 

 tracled from the sides. Mericarps with 5 primary filiform ribs : 

 the lateral ones of these marginaling, and 4 secondary more 

 prominent ones ; all wingless. Seed straight, flattish in front. 



CXXII. CUMI V NUM (qamoun is the Arabic name of Cumin). 

 C. Bauh. pin. p. 146. Lin. gen. no. 351. Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 2. 

 Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 95. Spreng. umb. prod. p. 25. Hoffm. 

 umb. ed. 2. p. 194. D. C. prod. 4. p. 201. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, lanceo- 

 late, setaceous, unequal, permanent. Petals oblong, emarginate, 

 wilh an inflexed poinl, ereclly spreading. Fruil contracted from 

 the sides. Mericarps with 5 wingless ribs ; the 5 primary ones 

 filiform, and minulely muriculated, the lateral ones of ihese mar- 

 ginating : the 4 secondary ones more prominenl and prickly. Vit- 

 tae one in each furrow, under the secondary ribs. Carpophore bi- 

 partite. Seed rather concave in front and convex on the back. 

 Herbs, with multifid leaves ; linear setaceous leaflets. Invo- 

 lucra of 2-4 simple or divided leaves ; involucels dimidiate, of 

 2-4 leaves, which are at length reflexed. Flowers white or 

 reddish. 



1 C. HISPA'NICUM (Merat, herb. D. C. prod. 4. p. 201.) 

 segments of leaves linear-setaceous, acule ; umbels bifid; umbel- 

 lules bearing 3-4 fruit ; involucels about equal in length to the 

 fruit, which are bearded by bristles. Q. H. Native of Spain, 

 in corn-fields in Valle de la Manca. Habit of C. Cyminum, 

 but differs in the fruit not being glabrous or puberulous, but 

 bearded by long stiff spreading pili. Flowers reddish. 



Spanish Cumin. PI. 1 foot. 



2 C. MINUTUM (D'Urv. enum. 32. t. 272.) segments ofleaves 

 linear, obtuse ; involucels about equal in length to the fruit, 

 which is glabrous. O- H. Native of the island of Cos, in 

 shady places frequent. Stem slender, branched, hardly 2-3 

 inches high. Every part of the plant is smaller than in the 

 other species. In the specimens received from D'Urville, the 

 segments of the leaves are acute, and the involucels are rather 

 shorter than the fruit. 



Minute Cumin. PI. 2 to 3 inches. 



3 C. CYMI'NUM (Lin. spec. p. 365.) segments ofleaves linear- 

 setaceous, acute ; umbels 3-5-cIefl ; involucels exceeding the 

 fruit, which is pubescent. Q. H. Native of Upper Egypt, 

 and ^Ethiopia. Cuminum, Riv. penl. t. 40. Cam. epit. 518. 

 Schkuhr, handb. no. 714. t. 80. Woodv. med. bol. I. 190. Nees, 

 off. pflanz. 13. t. 7. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 11. Plench. icon. 192. 

 Cav. icon. 4. t. 360. Mor. hist. p. 271. sect. 9. t. 2. There 

 are varieties of Cumin with white, red, or purple flowers. Coat 

 of fruit aromatic ; albumen insipid. The plant is cultivated in 

 the south of Europe and all Lesser Asia. In the islands of 

 Malta and Sicily, where il is much cullivated for sale, it is called 

 Cumino aigro or hot cumin, to distinguish it from Cumino dolce, 

 sweet cumin. Cumin seeds have a bitterish warm taste, accom- 

 panied with an aromatic flavour, not of the most agreeable kind, 

 residing in a volatile oil. 



For. a, scdbridum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 201.) fruit clothed with 

 short down ; but roughish on the ribs. O- H. C. ^Egyptia- 

 cum, Merat, in herb. This is the wild plant. 



Var. |3, glabratum(D.C. I.e.) fruit glabrous. Q. H. C. 

 Cyminum, Merat, in herb. This is the cultivated plant. 



Cyminum or Officinal Cumin. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1594. 



(Jy 

 PI. 4 foot. 



Cull. The seed should be sown in spring in a warm shel- 

 tered situation, where the plants will flower in summer, and pro- 

 duce seed in autumn. 



