UMBELLIFERjE. CXXIII. TREPOCARPUS. CXXIV. THAPSIA. 



349 



Kapirog, harp, a fruit; application not evident). Nutt. in litt. 

 1825. D. C. coll. diss. v. p. 50. t. 14. prod. 4. p. 201. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed ; teeth 

 subulate, falling off but slowly after flowering. Petals obcor- 

 date, inflexedly emarginate. Fruit pyramidally angular or nearly 

 terete, contracted from the sides. Mericarps convex on the 

 back, with 5 primary, filiform, hardly prominent ribs, margined 

 each by a brown vittaeform line on both sides ; and 4 secon- 

 dary elevated ribs, bearing one vittaa at the lower part of each. 

 Commissure thick, furrowed in the middle, and furnished with 

 vittae inside. Seed somewhat compressed on the back, straight. 

 Glabrous branched herbs, with the habit of JElhusa. Leaves 

 multifid, with linear segments. Umbels opposite the leaves, 

 of 5 rays. Involucra linear, of 1-3 leaves. Umbellules 5-8- 

 flowered ; involucels linear, unequal, 4-5-leaved, dimidiate. 

 Flowers white. This genus is more nearly allied to Cuminum 

 than SEthusa; it differs from the first in the commissure being 

 spongy, and in the mericarps having accessory margins. 



1 T. ./ETHU'SJE (Nutt. 1. c. ex D. C. 1. c.) umbels of 5 rays; 

 fruit 5 times longer than its breadth. O- H. Native of North 

 America, in the Arkansa territory, ex Nutt. The primordial 

 leaves are nearly as in Cynapium, with short acutish lobes ; cau- 

 line leaves with long linear acute lobes. Involucra of 2-3 leaves ; 

 involucels of 4-5 leaves. 



jEthusa-like Trepocarpus. PI. 1 foot. 



2 T. BRACHYCA'RPUS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 202.) umbellules of 

 2-3 rays ; fruit 3 times longer than its breadth. 0. H. Native 

 of Louisiana. Perhaps only a variety of the first. It differs 

 from it in the involucra and involucels being of fewer leaves ; 

 in the lower umbels being on shorter peduncles ; and in the fruit 

 being thicker, and less angular. 



Short-fruited Trepocarpus. PI. 1 foot. 



Cult. See Cun/inum above for culture and propagation. 



Tribe XI. 



THAPSIE'/E (this section contains plants agreeing with 

 Thapsia in important characters), or Orthospermae multijugatae 

 alatae, Koch, umb. p. 73. D. C. prod. 4. p. 202. Fruit com- 

 pressed from the back, or the transverse section is nearly terete. 

 Mericarps with 5 filiform bristly primary ribs : the lateral ones 

 of these placed in the commissure, which is flat ; and 4 secon- 

 dary ones: interior ones of these filiform, and the exterior ones 

 or all are winged ; wings undivided ; hence the fruit has 8 

 wings, or only 2 wings on each side. Seed somewhat compla- 

 nate or teretely convex, but flat in front. 



CXXIV. THA'PSIA (the first species was discovered in the 

 island of Thapsus). Tourn. inst. 321. t. 171. Lin. gen. no. 361. 

 Spreng. prod. 17. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 90. Koch, umb. p. 74. f. 

 S-5. D. C. prod. 4. p. 202. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. 

 Petals elliptic, entire, with an indexed or involute point. Fruit 

 compressed from the back. Mericarps with 5 primary filiform 

 ribs, 3 of which are dorsal, and the 2 lateral ones are placed in 

 the commissure, which is flat ; and 4 secondary ribs, the 2 dorsal 

 ones are filiform, and the 2 lateral ones are membranous and 

 winged ; wings entire. Vittaa one in each furrow, under the 

 secondary ribs. Carpophore bipartite. Seed complanate. 

 Perennial herbs. Leaves pinnate, bipinnate, and tripinnate, or 

 decompound ; petioles sheathing ; the upper leaves usually re- 

 duced to the petioles. Umbels large, compound, of many rays. 

 Involucra and involucels wanting, or of a few deciduous leaves. 

 Flowers yellow. This genus differs from Laserpitium, in the 

 wings of the mericarps being only 2, not 4; and from Melano- 

 sellnum and Artedia, in the wings being entire ; and from Lepi- 

 dosciadium, in the backs of the mericarps not being scaly. 



* Involucra wanting or of 1-2 leaves. 



1 T. GARGA'NICA (Lin. mant. 57-) stem terete, glabrous; 

 leaves bi-tripinnate, shining; segments linear, acute, elongated, 

 quite entire along the margins, decurrent or confluent ; involucra 

 of few leaves ; fruit cordate at the base, with a very open recess. 

 I/ . H. Native of Calabria, Mauritania, Greece, Sicily, Sardinia, 

 Spain, &c. in open places and on hills. Magn. hot. monsp. p. 

 286. with a bad figure. Gouan. obs. p. 18. t. 10. Desf. alt. 1. p. 



262. Sibth, et Smith, fl. graec. t. 287. There are varieties of 



this with glabrous or hairy petioles. To this the Ferula Neapo- 



litana, Ten. fl. med. p. 316. append. 4th. p. 12. is referred by 



Sprengel, which is said by the author to be nearly allied to F. 



glauca. The bruised root is said to be good for resolving 



tumours. 



Far. 13, decussala (D. C. prod. 4. p. 202.) petioles and 



nerves of leaves hispid beneath ; involucra wanting. 2/ . H. 



Native of Spain and of Mauritania. T. decussata, Lag. gen. et 



spec. p. 12. 



Garganian Deadly-carrot. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1683. PL 



2 to 4 feet. 



2 T. SI'LPHIUM (Viv. fl. lyb. p. 17.) stem terete, furrowed, 

 glabrous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets many-parted ; segments sim- 

 ple or trifid, all linear, elongated, hairy on both surfaces, with 

 revolute margins ; fruit cordate at the base, having the recess 

 constricted. Tf.. H. Native of the north of Africa, on the 

 mountains of Cyrenaica. This is supposed to be the plant which 

 yielded the juice called silphium, a medicine held in such high 

 estimation among the ancients, as to have imparted to the region 

 where it grew (the vicinity of Cyrene, now included in the 

 pashalic of Tripoli,) the appellation of " Silphifera !" 



Silphium Deadly-carrot. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PL 2 

 to 4 feet. 



3 T. VILLOSA (Lin. spec. p. 375.) stem terete, glabrous ; leaves 

 tripinnate, and are, as well as the petioles, villous : leaflets ob- 

 long, sinuately pinnatifid : lower ones deflexed ; involucra and 

 involucels almost wanting. I/ . H. Native of Portugal, Spain, 

 south of France, and Mauritania, on hills and in bushy places. 

 Lam. ill. t. 206. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 342. Moris, ox. sect. 9. t. 

 18. f. 3. Plench. icon. 219. Parkins. 878. 2. t. 877. f. 2. Ger. 

 emac. 1030. Flowers yellow, as in the rest of the species. 

 Aspect of plant hoary. Root carrot-shaped, black on the outside. 



V'Mous Deadly-carrot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1710. PL 3 

 to 4 feet. 



4 T. ASCLE'PIUM (Lin. spec. p. 375.) stem terete, glabrous; 

 leaves tripinnate; leaflets digitately multifid, capillary, short; 

 petioles glabrous ; involucra and involucels wanting. l/.H. Na- 

 tive of Apulia, Sicily, Rhodes, and about Constantinople. Sibth. 

 fl. greec. t. 286. ex Smith, prod. 1. p. 201. Guss. prod. fl. sic. 

 1. p. 370. T. Apulia, Mill. diet. no. 4. Col. ecphr. 1. t. 86. 

 Mor. hist. 3. p. 319. sect. 9. t. 18. f. 9. Fruit one-half smaller 

 than those of T. Gargdnicum, having the wings rather truncate 

 at both ends. Habit of Elceoselinum meoldes. The root is 

 about the thickness of a man's thumb ; the bark is yellow and 

 wrinkled ; the inside white, abounding in a bitter milky juice. 



Swallow-wort Deadly-carrot. Fl. July, Aug. PL 2 to 3 feet. 



5 T. FOZ'TIDA (Lin. spec. p. 375.) stem and petioles villous ; 

 leaves tripinnate ; leaflets much spreading, pinnatifid, attenuated 

 at the base : segments short, lanceolate, toothed ; involucra 

 wanting. 1. H. Native of Spain, Zante, Cyprus, &c. Blackw. 

 t. 459. Lob. icon. t. 780. ex Smith. Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 18. 

 f. 7. ex Lin. Lobel's figure is more probably referrible to La- 

 serpitium gummiferum. T. tenuifolia, Lag. gen. et spec. 12. is 

 referrible to the figure of Morison, but differs in the stem being 

 glabrous. It is probably only a variety of this species. The 

 leaves are rough and hairy. 



Fetid Deadly-carrot. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 



