UMBELLIFER.E. CXXXIV. TURGENIA. CXXXV. TORIUS. 



361 



leaves multifid, narrow ; involucra and involucels hispid, as well 

 as the fruit. Native of Arabia, at Hadie. 



Narrow-leaved Bur-parsley. PI. ? 



Cult. The seeds may be sown either in autumn or spring. 



CXXXIV. TURGE'NIA (from turgeo, to swell; fruit). 

 Hoffm. umb. p. 59. Koch, umb. 80. t. 16. D. C. prod. 4. p. 

 217. Caucalis species, Lam. Lag. Spreng. Tordylium species, 

 Lin. Torilis species, Adans. 



LIN. SYST. Pent dndria, Dig ijnia. Teeth of calyx 5, setaceous. 

 Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones 

 radiating, bifid. Fruit contracted from the sides, rather didy- 

 mous. Mericarps with 5 primary ribs, and 4 secondary ones : 

 the lateral primary ones placed in the commissure, which is flat, 

 furnished with a simple series of muricse or prickles ; not as 

 in the rest of the ribs, which are furnished with 2 or 3 rows of 

 prickles each ; prickles all equal. Furrows under the secondary 

 ribs 1-vittate from both sides of the raphe. Carpophore setace- 

 ous, bifid. Seed involute. Erect scabrous herbs. Leaves pin- 

 nate ; leaflets oblong, toothed. Umbels of few rays. Leaves 

 of involucra and involucels 3-5, ovate, concave, equal, with mem- 

 branous margins. Flowers white or rose coloured ; those in the 

 disk of the umbellules male and sterile. 



1 T. LATIFOLIA (Hoffm. 1. c.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets deeply 

 pinnatifid or strongly serrated, the upper ones decurrent ; umbels 

 of 2-4, but usually of 3 long firm rays ; umbellules having the 

 flowers in the circumference alone fertile ; ribs of fruit beset 

 with double rows of straight purplish bristles ; the ribs in the 

 commissure bear acute tubercles, not bristles. O- H. Native of 

 Middle and South Europe, Mauritania, Greece, Caucasus, and Per- 

 sia, in corn fields. In England in fields on a chalky soil, but rare ; 

 in Cambridgeshire not uncommon. Caucalis latifolia, Lin. syst. 

 nat. ed. 12. vol. 2. p. 276. Smith, engl. hot. t. 198. Jacq. hoit. 

 vind. t. 128. Mill. fig. t. 85. Garid. prov. t. 22. Tordylium 

 latifolium, Lin. spec. 345. Reich, spec. 1. p. 666. Colum. 

 ecphr. 98. t. 97. f. 1. Broad Bur-parsley, Petiv. herb. brit. t. 

 27. f. 6. Broad-jagged Bur- parsley, Petiv. herb. brit. t. 27. f. 

 7. Herbage rough, rather glaucous. Stem beset with minute 

 ascending prickles. Teeth of calyx broad, short, spreading. 

 Petals bright pink ; those in the circumference of the umbellules 

 twice as large as the rest. The plant varies much in stature, 

 in the leaves, and in the colour of the flowers, which are some- 

 times white. This is one of the most striking and handsome of 

 our native umbelliferous plants. 



Broad-leaved Turgenia. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



2 T. MULTIFLORA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 218.) leaves ternate above 

 the sheath ; leaflets pinnatifid ; umbels of 4 or 5 rays ; ribs of 

 fruit in the commissure bearing true prickles. Q. H. Native 

 of fields about Constantinople. Fruit more ovate than in the 

 preceding species, 6-8, not 2-3 in each umbellule ; and all parts 

 of the plant are much more robust. 



Many-flomered Turgenia. Fl. July. PI. 3 feet. 



3 T. HETEROCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 218.) leaves pinnate ; 

 leaflets oblong, deeply toothed; umbels of 6- 10 rays; mericarps 

 of fruit dissimilar, having the secondary ribs in both tooth- 

 less. Q. H. Native of Persia, in the district of Khoi, in corn 

 fields ; and of the Levant, between Bagdad and Kermancha. 

 Habit and flowers very similar to those of T. latifolia. Outer 

 mericarp of fruit having the 3 dorsal primary ribs ornamented 

 with 2-4 broad prickles each, and the lateral ribs filiform and 

 toothless : the secondary ones hardly distinct, or a little toothed ; 

 the inner mericarp has the primary ribs all toothless, but the 

 dorsal 3 are larger than the lateral ones : and the secondary ribs 

 are hardly distinct. Albumen involu te 



Variable-fruited Turgenia. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 

 Cult. See Caucalis above for culture and propagation. 

 VOL. in. 



CXXXV. TORTLIS (a name employed by Adanson, and 

 maintained by Gaertner. It probably, like many of Adanson's 

 words, has no meaning). Spreng. umb. prod. p. 24. Hoffm. umb. 

 49. t. 1. f. 18. Lag. am, nat. p. 95. Koch, umb. p. 80. t. 15. 

 D. C. prod. 4. p. 218. Torilis species, Adans, Gaertn. Mcench. 

 Tordylium, Caucalis, and Scandix species of authors. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, trian- 

 gular-lanceolate, acute, permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, 

 with an inflexed point : outer ones of the umbellules larger than 

 the central ones and bifid. Fruit contracted from the sides. 

 Mericarps with 5 bristly primary ribs : the 3 intermediate ones 

 on the back, and the 2 lateral ones placed in the commissure, 

 which is flat ; the secondary ribs beset with copious prickles, 

 which occupy the whole furrows, having one vitta under each 

 secondary rib below the prickles. Carpophore setaceous, bifid. 

 Seed with an inflexed margin. Herbs, with multifid leaves, be- 

 set with short adpressed hairs, which are retrograde on the 

 stems, and erect on the rays of the umbels. Umbels opposite 

 the leaves. Involucra of 1-5 leaves ; involucels of 5-8 lanceo- 

 late ciliated leaves. Flowers white, those in the disk of the um- 

 bellules male and sterile. Prickles of fruit hair-formed, usually 

 hooked at the apex. 



SECT. I. EcTORi > Lis(fromti', eu, well, and Torilis; this section 

 is considered to contain the true species of the genus). D. C. 

 prod. 4. p. 218. Fruit covered with stiff prickles, which are 

 usually hooked at the apex. 



1 T. MICROCA'RPA (Bess. cont. enum.no. 1362.) stem branch- 

 ed ; leaflets linear-cut, outer ones not elongated ; umbels on long 

 peduncles, 7-10-rayed ; leaves of involucra and involucels seta- 

 ceous ; fruit ovate ; prickles much shorter than the fruit, in- 

 curved. Q. H. Native of the Ukraine and the south of Podolia. 

 Torilis Ukranica, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 485. Invo- 

 lucels as in T. Anthriscus, equal in length to the umbellules. 



Small-fruited Hedge-parsley. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



2 T. ANTHRI'SCUS (Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 613.) umbels on long 

 peduncles of from 5 to 10 close rays; leaves of involucra and 

 involucels several, awl-shaped ; fruit covered with incurved 

 bristles. O- H. Native of Europe and Caucasus, in hedges 

 and on the borders of fields, very common ; plentiful in Britain 

 in like situations. Caucalis Antlmscus, Scop. fl. earn. no. 311. 

 Huds. angl. p. 114. Smith, engl. bot. t. 987. Fl. dan. t. 919. 

 Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 22. Tordylium Anthriscus, Lin. spec. 346. 

 Jacq. fl. austr. t. 261. Torilis rubella, Mcench, meth. p. 103. 

 Caucalis aspera a, Lam. diet. 1. p. 656. Riv. pent. irr. t. 32. 

 Bauh. pin. 153. prod. 80. with a figure. Stem rough from 

 deflexed hairs. Leaves bipinnate, pinnatifid, and sharply cut, 

 rather soft than harsh to the touch ; the lowermost one much 

 more compound than the others. Flowers small, either white 

 or flesh-coloured ; the exterior ones only a little irregular or 

 radiant. 



Anthriscus or Upright Hedge-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Bri- 

 tain. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



3 T. NEGLE'CTA (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 484.) stem and branches 

 erect ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, cut ; the terminal one hardly 

 longer than the rest; umbels on long peduncles of from 7 to 10 

 rays ; involucrum wanting. O- H. Native of Sardinia, Ger- 

 many, &c. in fields and on the margins of woods. Scandix in- 

 festa, Jacq. fl. austr. 1. 46. Caucalis infesta, Vest. ench. p. 495. 

 ex Schultes. Peduncles longer and the fruit larger than in T. 

 infesta. Flowers white. 



Neglected Hedge-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 

 1| foot. 



4 T. INFE'STA (Hoffm. umb. p. 89. Spreng. prod. 24.) stem 

 erect, much branched ; leaves pinnatifid, deeply cut, and some- 

 times almost bipinnate : the terminal leaflets elongated ; umbels 



3 A 



